The MtN3/saliva/SWEET-type genes, existing either alone or in a family group, are found in diverse organisms, from monocellular protozoa to higher eukaryotes, indicating their importance in cellular organisms. These g...The MtN3/saliva/SWEET-type genes, existing either alone or in a family group, are found in diverse organisms, from monocellular protozoa to higher eukaryotes, indicating their importance in cellular organisms. These genes encode polytopic membrane proteins that feature an MtN3/saliva domain, also known as a PQ loop repeat, The rice MtN3/saliva/SWEET gene family consists of 21 members and is among the largest families in sequenced organisms. Accumulating data suggest that these genes are involved in multiple physiological processes, including reproductive development, senescence, environmental adaptation, and host-pathogen interaction, in different species. In rice, some members of the family, including Xa13/Os8N3/OsSWEET11, which is essential for reproductive development, are used by the pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae to invade its host. Emerging data have also revealed that at least some MtN3/saliva/SWEET-type proteins may regulate different physiological processes by facilitating ion transport via interaction with ion transporters or as sugar transporters. The accumulating knowledge about MtN3/saliva/SWEET- type genes will help to elucidate the molecular bases of their function in different organisms.展开更多
以抽薹期野生型油菜和黄化突变体叶片为材料,分析了叶片和类囊体膜的光合色素组成、色素与蛋白相对含量;比较了类囊体膜光谱特性(室温吸收光谱、荧光光谱和圆二色谱);用温和电泳、SDS-PAGE分析了类囊体色素蛋白和多肽组成。结果显示:与...以抽薹期野生型油菜和黄化突变体叶片为材料,分析了叶片和类囊体膜的光合色素组成、色素与蛋白相对含量;比较了类囊体膜光谱特性(室温吸收光谱、荧光光谱和圆二色谱);用温和电泳、SDS-PAGE分析了类囊体色素蛋白和多肽组成。结果显示:与野生型相比,突变体叶片的蛋白质含量不变,而Chl a 和Chl b的含量均减少;突变体类囊体膜的Chl a/Chl b 比值较高,Chl/蛋白质比值较低,LHCII色素蛋白复合物的单体和三聚体含量明显减少。突变体的天线系统相对较小、捕光效率较低。展开更多
Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role...Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role, like FasL in activation-induced cell death (AICD), has been demonstrated in immune system. However the mechanism of Trail induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this report, the recombinant Trail protein was expressed and purified. The apoptosis-inducing activity and the regulation mechanism of recombinant Trail on Jurkat T cells were explored in vitro. Trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated that the recombinant Trail protein actively killed Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells were remarkably reduced by Bcl-2 over expression in Bcl-2 gene transfected cells. Treatment with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, suppressed Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by PMA was abolished by pretreatment with Bis, a PKC inhibitor. Taken together, it was suggested that Bcl-2 over-expression and PMA activated PKC actively down-regulated the Trail-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell.展开更多
The Receptor-Like Kinase （RLK） is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK （LecRLK） family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stre...The Receptor-Like Kinase （RLK） is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK （LecRLK） family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stress perception. All the LecRLKs possess three domains： an N-terminal lectin domain, an intermediate transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain. On the basis of lectin domain variability, LecRLKs have been subgrouped into three subclasses： L-, G-, and C-type LecRLKs. While the previous studies on LecRLKs were dedicated to classification, comparative structural analysis and expression analysis by promoter-based studies, most of the recent studies on LecRLKs have laid special emphasis on the potential of this gene family in regulating biotic/abiotic stress and developmental pathways in plants, thus mak- ing the prospects of studying the LecRLK-mediated regulatory mechanism exceptionally promising. In this review, we have described in detail the LecRLK gene family with respect to a historical, evolutionary, and structural point of view. Furthermore, we have laid emphasis on the LecRLKs roles in development, stress conditions, and hormonal response. We have also discussed the exciting research prospects offered by the current knowledge on the LecRLK gene family. The multitude of the LecRLK gene family members and their functional diversity mark these genes as both interesting and worthy candidates for further analysis, especially in the field of crop improvement.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Program on the Development of Basic Research in China （2012CB114005）the National Program of High Technology Development of China （2012AA10A303） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31100875）No conflict of interest declared.
文摘The MtN3/saliva/SWEET-type genes, existing either alone or in a family group, are found in diverse organisms, from monocellular protozoa to higher eukaryotes, indicating their importance in cellular organisms. These genes encode polytopic membrane proteins that feature an MtN3/saliva domain, also known as a PQ loop repeat, The rice MtN3/saliva/SWEET gene family consists of 21 members and is among the largest families in sequenced organisms. Accumulating data suggest that these genes are involved in multiple physiological processes, including reproductive development, senescence, environmental adaptation, and host-pathogen interaction, in different species. In rice, some members of the family, including Xa13/Os8N3/OsSWEET11, which is essential for reproductive development, are used by the pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae to invade its host. Emerging data have also revealed that at least some MtN3/saliva/SWEET-type proteins may regulate different physiological processes by facilitating ion transport via interaction with ion transporters or as sugar transporters. The accumulating knowledge about MtN3/saliva/SWEET- type genes will help to elucidate the molecular bases of their function in different organisms.
文摘目的观察猪苓多糖对γ干扰素(IFN-γ)诱导M1亚型巨噬细胞膜表面蛋白的影响及对相关细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-αm RNA的作用,探讨猪苓多糖对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。方法实验分为空白对照组、IFN-γ模型组、猪苓多糖组和IFN-γ加猪苓多糖组。IFN-γ诱导巨噬细胞极化为M1型后用猪苓多糖干预,采用流式细胞术检测膜蛋白CD14、TLR4、CD86、CD40、CD16/32的阳性表达率,ELISA法检测细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGF-β、IL-17及IL-10的表达量,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGF-β及IL-10 m RNA的相对表达量。结果 IFN-γ可单独诱导M1巨噬细胞模型,猪苓多糖作用于M1型巨噬细胞,分泌的因子增加,但是对膜蛋白影响不大;猪苓多糖单独作用于巨噬细胞,可以增加膜白蛋的表达量,分泌的因子和空白对照组比较有统计学差异。结论猪苓多糖可以极化巨噬细胞为M1型,可以增加由IFN-γ诱导的M1炎症因子的表达,同时也增加抑炎因子的表达,有着双向的调节作用。
文摘以抽薹期野生型油菜和黄化突变体叶片为材料,分析了叶片和类囊体膜的光合色素组成、色素与蛋白相对含量;比较了类囊体膜光谱特性(室温吸收光谱、荧光光谱和圆二色谱);用温和电泳、SDS-PAGE分析了类囊体色素蛋白和多肽组成。结果显示:与野生型相比,突变体叶片的蛋白质含量不变,而Chl a 和Chl b的含量均减少;突变体类囊体膜的Chl a/Chl b 比值较高,Chl/蛋白质比值较低,LHCII色素蛋白复合物的单体和三聚体含量明显减少。突变体的天线系统相对较小、捕光效率较低。
基金Major State BasicResearch (973) Program of China, (G1999053905).
文摘Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role, like FasL in activation-induced cell death (AICD), has been demonstrated in immune system. However the mechanism of Trail induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this report, the recombinant Trail protein was expressed and purified. The apoptosis-inducing activity and the regulation mechanism of recombinant Trail on Jurkat T cells were explored in vitro. Trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated that the recombinant Trail protein actively killed Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells were remarkably reduced by Bcl-2 over expression in Bcl-2 gene transfected cells. Treatment with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, suppressed Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by PMA was abolished by pretreatment with Bis, a PKC inhibitor. Taken together, it was suggested that Bcl-2 over-expression and PMA activated PKC actively down-regulated the Trail-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell.
文摘The Receptor-Like Kinase （RLK） is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK （LecRLK） family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stress perception. All the LecRLKs possess three domains： an N-terminal lectin domain, an intermediate transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain. On the basis of lectin domain variability, LecRLKs have been subgrouped into three subclasses： L-, G-, and C-type LecRLKs. While the previous studies on LecRLKs were dedicated to classification, comparative structural analysis and expression analysis by promoter-based studies, most of the recent studies on LecRLKs have laid special emphasis on the potential of this gene family in regulating biotic/abiotic stress and developmental pathways in plants, thus mak- ing the prospects of studying the LecRLK-mediated regulatory mechanism exceptionally promising. In this review, we have described in detail the LecRLK gene family with respect to a historical, evolutionary, and structural point of view. Furthermore, we have laid emphasis on the LecRLKs roles in development, stress conditions, and hormonal response. We have also discussed the exciting research prospects offered by the current knowledge on the LecRLK gene family. The multitude of the LecRLK gene family members and their functional diversity mark these genes as both interesting and worthy candidates for further analysis, especially in the field of crop improvement.
