为探明露场叠盘暗化出苗(darkened emergence by stacked plates in open space,DE)与无纺布覆盖(seedling mulched with non-woven fabric,NM)协同育秧对机插杂交籼稻成苗特性的影响,该研究于2020—2021年在不同气候条件下以杂交籼稻...为探明露场叠盘暗化出苗(darkened emergence by stacked plates in open space,DE)与无纺布覆盖(seedling mulched with non-woven fabric,NM)协同育秧对机插杂交籼稻成苗特性的影响,该研究于2020—2021年在不同气候条件下以杂交籼稻天优华占为材料,以摆盘出苗(swing-plate emergence,SE)和薄膜覆盖(seedling mulched with film,FM)为对照进行试验,探究DE与NM对出苗微环境与出苗特征以及秧苗素质的影响,并验证其机插适应性。结果表明:1)相对于外界环境,DE提高了出苗微环境的平均温度与平均相对湿度。与SE相比,DE降低了温度与相对湿度变异系数,缩短了种子出苗时间,并大幅提高出苗率与出苗整齐度;较FM,NM改善了秧床微环境,促进秧苗均衡生长;DE+NM有效提高成苗整齐度与成苗率,2 a间成苗整齐度较DE+FM、SE+NM与SE+FM分别增加了7.22~8.91、3.67~5.55和8.29~10.38个百分点(P<0.05),2 a间成苗率分别提高了4.08~8.09、11.79~14.88和20.10~40.02个百分点(除2021年DE+FM外,P<0.05)。2)DE的成苗密度显著优于SE(P<0.05),进而增加了单位面积的总根长、白根数、根表面积,及根系盘结力;与FM相比,NM显著增大了单位面积根体积(P<0.05);DE+NM增加了单位面积的根体积、根表面积、根生物量,同时提高了根系盘结力(除2020年DE+FM外)。3)较其他3种育秧处理,DE+NM显著降低漏插率与伤秧率(P<0.05),提高3~4苗/穴比例,并增加了每穴苗数。综上所述,DE+NM通过改善育秧环境实现了培育壮秧,秧苗机插效果好,所育秧苗呈现出“齐苗、壮根、宜机插”特性。该育秧技术有效解决了四川稻区传统机插育秧存在的秧苗生长不齐、盘根弱、机插效果差等问题,并兼具低成本、耐粗放、高效低碳等特点。研究结果可为本区域机插壮秧培育和水稻丰产增效栽培提供理论与技术支撑。展开更多
The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scen...The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scenarios of technological development of hard coal extractive industry".After presentation of opening up,development and extraction technologies that are applied in Polish hard coal industry and their classification with regard to innovation degree the author describes those technologies in a detailed manner.He brings attention to the most effective systems for hard coal deposits’ opening up,development and their extraction,including the extraction of the residual coal.The attention is also paid to the safety level of the applied technologies.展开更多
文摘为探明露场叠盘暗化出苗(darkened emergence by stacked plates in open space,DE)与无纺布覆盖(seedling mulched with non-woven fabric,NM)协同育秧对机插杂交籼稻成苗特性的影响,该研究于2020—2021年在不同气候条件下以杂交籼稻天优华占为材料,以摆盘出苗(swing-plate emergence,SE)和薄膜覆盖(seedling mulched with film,FM)为对照进行试验,探究DE与NM对出苗微环境与出苗特征以及秧苗素质的影响,并验证其机插适应性。结果表明:1)相对于外界环境,DE提高了出苗微环境的平均温度与平均相对湿度。与SE相比,DE降低了温度与相对湿度变异系数,缩短了种子出苗时间,并大幅提高出苗率与出苗整齐度;较FM,NM改善了秧床微环境,促进秧苗均衡生长;DE+NM有效提高成苗整齐度与成苗率,2 a间成苗整齐度较DE+FM、SE+NM与SE+FM分别增加了7.22~8.91、3.67~5.55和8.29~10.38个百分点(P<0.05),2 a间成苗率分别提高了4.08~8.09、11.79~14.88和20.10~40.02个百分点(除2021年DE+FM外,P<0.05)。2)DE的成苗密度显著优于SE(P<0.05),进而增加了单位面积的总根长、白根数、根表面积,及根系盘结力;与FM相比,NM显著增大了单位面积根体积(P<0.05);DE+NM增加了单位面积的根体积、根表面积、根生物量,同时提高了根系盘结力(除2020年DE+FM外)。3)较其他3种育秧处理,DE+NM显著降低漏插率与伤秧率(P<0.05),提高3~4苗/穴比例,并增加了每穴苗数。综上所述,DE+NM通过改善育秧环境实现了培育壮秧,秧苗机插效果好,所育秧苗呈现出“齐苗、壮根、宜机插”特性。该育秧技术有效解决了四川稻区传统机插育秧存在的秧苗生长不齐、盘根弱、机插效果差等问题,并兼具低成本、耐粗放、高效低碳等特点。研究结果可为本区域机插壮秧培育和水稻丰产增效栽培提供理论与技术支撑。
文摘The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scenarios of technological development of hard coal extractive industry".After presentation of opening up,development and extraction technologies that are applied in Polish hard coal industry and their classification with regard to innovation degree the author describes those technologies in a detailed manner.He brings attention to the most effective systems for hard coal deposits’ opening up,development and their extraction,including the extraction of the residual coal.The attention is also paid to the safety level of the applied technologies.
