The purpose of this study was to clarify grid convergence property of three-dimensional measurement-integrated (3D-MI) simulation for a flow behind a square cylinder with Karman vortex street. Measurement-integrated (...The purpose of this study was to clarify grid convergence property of three-dimensional measurement-integrated (3D-MI) simulation for a flow behind a square cylinder with Karman vortex street. Measurement-integrated (MI) simulation is a kind of the observer in the dynamical system theory by using CFD scheme as a mathematical model of the system. In a former study, two-dimensional MI (2D-MI) simulation with a coarse grid system showed a fairly good result in comparison with a 2D ordinary (2D-O) simulation, but the results were degraded with grid refinement. In this study, 3D-MI simulation and three-dimensional ordinary (3D-O) simulation were performed with three grid systems of different grid resolutions, and their grid convergence properties were compared. As a result, all 3D-MI simulations reproduced the vortex shedding frequency identical to that of the experiment, and the flow fields obtained were very close, within 5% difference between the results, while the results of the 3D-O simulations showed variation of the solution under convergence. It is shown that the grid convergence property of 3D-MI simulation is monotonic and better than that of 3D-O simulation, whereas those of 2D-O and 2D-MI simulations for streamwise velocity fluctuation are divergent. The solution of 3D-MI simulation with a relatively coarse grid system properly reproduces the basic three-dimensional structure of the wake flow as well as the drag and lift coefficients.展开更多
In spite of the inherent difficulty, reproducing the exact structure of real flows is a critically important issue in many fields, such as weather forecasting or feedback flow control. In order to obtain information o...In spite of the inherent difficulty, reproducing the exact structure of real flows is a critically important issue in many fields, such as weather forecasting or feedback flow control. In order to obtain information on real flows, extensive studies have been carried out on methodology to integrate measurement and simulation, for example, the four-dimensional variational data assimilation method (4D-Var) or the state estimator such as the Kalman filter or the state observer. Measurement-integrated (MI) simulation is a state observer in which a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) scheme is used as a mathematical model of the physical system instead of a small dimensional linear dynamical system usually used in state observers. A large dimensional nonlinear CFD model makes it possible to accurately reproduce real flows for properly designed feedback signals. This review article surveys the theoretical formulations and applications of MI simulation. Formulations of MI simulation are presented, including governing equations of a flow field observer, those of a linearized error dynamics describing the convergence of the observer, and stabilization of the numerical scheme, which is important in implementation of MI simulation. Applications of MI simulation are presented ranging from fundamental turbulent flows in pipes and Karman vortices in a wind tunnel to clinical application in diagnosis of blood flows in a human body.展开更多
提出一种基于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope,MSCMG)金字塔构型的航天器姿态测控一体化控制方法,利用姿控回路中的执行机构,既进行航天器姿态测量,又进行航天器姿态控制,改变了传统姿控系统由姿...提出一种基于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope,MSCMG)金字塔构型的航天器姿态测控一体化控制方法,利用姿控回路中的执行机构,既进行航天器姿态测量,又进行航天器姿态控制,改变了传统姿控系统由姿态敏感器、控制器、执行机构的组成方式。首先建立磁悬浮转子径向力矩模型,通过实时检测磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺中的磁轴承电流、磁悬浮转子位移、框架角速度,联立金字塔构型中的3个径向力矩模型求解出航天器的姿态角速度,再设计相应的姿态控制律和框架操纵律,实现航天器的姿态调节,仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to clarify grid convergence property of three-dimensional measurement-integrated (3D-MI) simulation for a flow behind a square cylinder with Karman vortex street. Measurement-integrated (MI) simulation is a kind of the observer in the dynamical system theory by using CFD scheme as a mathematical model of the system. In a former study, two-dimensional MI (2D-MI) simulation with a coarse grid system showed a fairly good result in comparison with a 2D ordinary (2D-O) simulation, but the results were degraded with grid refinement. In this study, 3D-MI simulation and three-dimensional ordinary (3D-O) simulation were performed with three grid systems of different grid resolutions, and their grid convergence properties were compared. As a result, all 3D-MI simulations reproduced the vortex shedding frequency identical to that of the experiment, and the flow fields obtained were very close, within 5% difference between the results, while the results of the 3D-O simulations showed variation of the solution under convergence. It is shown that the grid convergence property of 3D-MI simulation is monotonic and better than that of 3D-O simulation, whereas those of 2D-O and 2D-MI simulations for streamwise velocity fluctuation are divergent. The solution of 3D-MI simulation with a relatively coarse grid system properly reproduces the basic three-dimensional structure of the wake flow as well as the drag and lift coefficients.
文摘In spite of the inherent difficulty, reproducing the exact structure of real flows is a critically important issue in many fields, such as weather forecasting or feedback flow control. In order to obtain information on real flows, extensive studies have been carried out on methodology to integrate measurement and simulation, for example, the four-dimensional variational data assimilation method (4D-Var) or the state estimator such as the Kalman filter or the state observer. Measurement-integrated (MI) simulation is a state observer in which a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) scheme is used as a mathematical model of the physical system instead of a small dimensional linear dynamical system usually used in state observers. A large dimensional nonlinear CFD model makes it possible to accurately reproduce real flows for properly designed feedback signals. This review article surveys the theoretical formulations and applications of MI simulation. Formulations of MI simulation are presented, including governing equations of a flow field observer, those of a linearized error dynamics describing the convergence of the observer, and stabilization of the numerical scheme, which is important in implementation of MI simulation. Applications of MI simulation are presented ranging from fundamental turbulent flows in pipes and Karman vortices in a wind tunnel to clinical application in diagnosis of blood flows in a human body.
文摘提出一种基于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope,MSCMG)金字塔构型的航天器姿态测控一体化控制方法,利用姿控回路中的执行机构,既进行航天器姿态测量,又进行航天器姿态控制,改变了传统姿控系统由姿态敏感器、控制器、执行机构的组成方式。首先建立磁悬浮转子径向力矩模型,通过实时检测磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺中的磁轴承电流、磁悬浮转子位移、框架角速度,联立金字塔构型中的3个径向力矩模型求解出航天器的姿态角速度,再设计相应的姿态控制律和框架操纵律,实现航天器的姿态调节,仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。
