We investigated the long-lasting effects of early postnatal tactile stimulation （TS） and maternal separation （MS） on the emotional behaviors of adult female rats. A split-litter design was introduced to remove con...We investigated the long-lasting effects of early postnatal tactile stimulation （TS） and maternal separation （MS） on the emotional behaviors of adult female rats. A split-litter design was introduced to remove confusing factors such as maternal disturbance. Pups of the non-tactile stimulation （NTS） group did not receive any handling. Pups subjected to the TS treatment were handled and marked for approximately 30 s daily from postnatal days （PND） 2 - 9 or from PND 10 - 17. Pups subjected to the MS treatment were handled and marked in the same way as the TS pups and then individually placed in a cup with familiar nest bedding for 1 h daily. At the age of 3 months, female rats with different neonatal experiences were employed in the light/dark box test and the one-trial passive avoidance response. Both PND 2 - 9 TS and PND 10 - 17 TS groups exhibited more time spent in the illuminated chamber of the light/dark box, and longer step-through latencies in the passive avoidance response when compared to the NTS group, indicating that early life TS treatment reduced novelty-induced anxious emotion and facilitated the retention of emotional memory in adult female rats. No significant effects were found on any behavioral measures between the MS groups and the TS groups, suggesting that neonatal short-time MS treatment was not intensive enough to alter the emotional behaviors, at least in female rats. Infantile age was not an effective factor for these measures. This result supports the hypothesis that neonatal tactile stimulation and maternal separation lead to different effects on the neural development of postnatal pups.展开更多
背景母亲产后分离焦虑是影响儿童社会情绪发展的重要因素,但母亲产后分离焦虑对儿童早期的影响和产生影响的关键节点尚不明确。目的探讨母亲在产后2年内4个时点的分离焦虑对学龄前期儿童社会情绪的影响。设计前瞻性队列研究。方法在上...背景母亲产后分离焦虑是影响儿童社会情绪发展的重要因素,但母亲产后分离焦虑对儿童早期的影响和产生影响的关键节点尚不明确。目的探讨母亲在产后2年内4个时点的分离焦虑对学龄前期儿童社会情绪的影响。设计前瞻性队列研究。方法在上海睡眠出生队列中纳入年龄18~45岁、孕周≥28周、胎儿无已知畸形、长期定居在上海并在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院东区分院分娩、单胎妊娠的孕晚期产妇作为本文队列人群,子代纳入出生胎龄≥37周且出生体重2500~4000 g的健康新生儿,排除曾入住NICU或出生1、5 min Apgar评分中有1次≤7分者。采集孕晚期母亲受教育程度,家庭年收入,母亲生产年龄,抑郁、焦虑和整体应激水平,采集子代6月龄时婴儿气质类型。母亲于产后6、12、18和24个月行母亲分离焦虑量表(MSAS)评估,子代6岁时以长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评估儿童社会情绪发展情况。主要结局指标SDQ困难总分、内化问题和外化问题。结果2012年5月至2013年7月纳入符合本文孕晚期产妇和新生儿纳排标准的孕晚期产妇和子代新生儿均为262名,退出样本(n=80)和纳入样本(n=182)基线数据敏感性分析差异均无统计学意义。孕产妇生产时年龄(29.7±3.3)岁,最高学历以本科或大专学历占比最高(73.1%),基于抑郁量表评估抑郁,状态-特质焦虑问卷评估焦虑,孕妇生活事件量表评估应激水平,结果显示母亲孕晚期整体心理健康情况良好,家庭年收入14~29万元人民币者占48.6%,<14万元人民币者占38.1%;子代6月龄气质类型:易养型44.3%,中间偏易养型39.2%,中间型或难养型16.5%。母亲在子代6、12、18和24月龄的分离焦虑水平呈逐渐下降趋势,18和24月龄时母亲分离焦虑水平显著低于6月龄,差异有统计学意义。家庭年收入更高的母亲在儿童18月龄时分离焦虑水平更低,受教育程度更高的母亲在6月龄和18月龄时展开更多
文摘We investigated the long-lasting effects of early postnatal tactile stimulation （TS） and maternal separation （MS） on the emotional behaviors of adult female rats. A split-litter design was introduced to remove confusing factors such as maternal disturbance. Pups of the non-tactile stimulation （NTS） group did not receive any handling. Pups subjected to the TS treatment were handled and marked for approximately 30 s daily from postnatal days （PND） 2 - 9 or from PND 10 - 17. Pups subjected to the MS treatment were handled and marked in the same way as the TS pups and then individually placed in a cup with familiar nest bedding for 1 h daily. At the age of 3 months, female rats with different neonatal experiences were employed in the light/dark box test and the one-trial passive avoidance response. Both PND 2 - 9 TS and PND 10 - 17 TS groups exhibited more time spent in the illuminated chamber of the light/dark box, and longer step-through latencies in the passive avoidance response when compared to the NTS group, indicating that early life TS treatment reduced novelty-induced anxious emotion and facilitated the retention of emotional memory in adult female rats. No significant effects were found on any behavioral measures between the MS groups and the TS groups, suggesting that neonatal short-time MS treatment was not intensive enough to alter the emotional behaviors, at least in female rats. Infantile age was not an effective factor for these measures. This result supports the hypothesis that neonatal tactile stimulation and maternal separation lead to different effects on the neural development of postnatal pups.
文摘背景母亲产后分离焦虑是影响儿童社会情绪发展的重要因素,但母亲产后分离焦虑对儿童早期的影响和产生影响的关键节点尚不明确。目的探讨母亲在产后2年内4个时点的分离焦虑对学龄前期儿童社会情绪的影响。设计前瞻性队列研究。方法在上海睡眠出生队列中纳入年龄18~45岁、孕周≥28周、胎儿无已知畸形、长期定居在上海并在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院东区分院分娩、单胎妊娠的孕晚期产妇作为本文队列人群,子代纳入出生胎龄≥37周且出生体重2500~4000 g的健康新生儿,排除曾入住NICU或出生1、5 min Apgar评分中有1次≤7分者。采集孕晚期母亲受教育程度,家庭年收入,母亲生产年龄,抑郁、焦虑和整体应激水平,采集子代6月龄时婴儿气质类型。母亲于产后6、12、18和24个月行母亲分离焦虑量表(MSAS)评估,子代6岁时以长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评估儿童社会情绪发展情况。主要结局指标SDQ困难总分、内化问题和外化问题。结果2012年5月至2013年7月纳入符合本文孕晚期产妇和新生儿纳排标准的孕晚期产妇和子代新生儿均为262名,退出样本(n=80)和纳入样本(n=182)基线数据敏感性分析差异均无统计学意义。孕产妇生产时年龄(29.7±3.3)岁,最高学历以本科或大专学历占比最高(73.1%),基于抑郁量表评估抑郁,状态-特质焦虑问卷评估焦虑,孕妇生活事件量表评估应激水平,结果显示母亲孕晚期整体心理健康情况良好,家庭年收入14~29万元人民币者占48.6%,<14万元人民币者占38.1%;子代6月龄气质类型:易养型44.3%,中间偏易养型39.2%,中间型或难养型16.5%。母亲在子代6、12、18和24月龄的分离焦虑水平呈逐渐下降趋势,18和24月龄时母亲分离焦虑水平显著低于6月龄,差异有统计学意义。家庭年收入更高的母亲在儿童18月龄时分离焦虑水平更低,受教育程度更高的母亲在6月龄和18月龄时
