目的分析大量输血患者的血液使用情况,了解大量输血患者血液检测指标的变化以及并发症和死亡率,为临床总结大量输血患者的输血方案提供依据。方法对本院2013年1月-2014年12月共155例大量输血病例进行分析,包括红细胞悬液、血浆、血小板...目的分析大量输血患者的血液使用情况,了解大量输血患者血液检测指标的变化以及并发症和死亡率,为临床总结大量输血患者的输血方案提供依据。方法对本院2013年1月-2014年12月共155例大量输血病例进行分析,包括红细胞悬液、血浆、血小板和冷沉淀等成分血使用及输血前后血液检测指标变化情况。结果在155例输血病例中,红细胞平均用量为23 U,血浆平均用量为2 500 m L,23名患者使用了血小板,94名患者使用了冷沉淀。血液的发放多以红细胞4 U+血浆400-800 m L输血包方式。死亡患者与存活患者输血后24 h的Hb存在明显差异,(70.9±21.5)g/L vs(81.2±21.2)g/L(P<0.05)。结论以红细胞4 U+血浆400-800 m L输血包方式的大量输血方案在临床应用广泛,且更利于患者预后。展开更多
From its inception the success of liver transplantation has been associated with massive blood loss. Massive transfusion is classically defined as > 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h, but describing transfusi...From its inception the success of liver transplantation has been associated with massive blood loss. Massive transfusion is classically defined as > 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h, but describing transfusion rates over a shorter period of time may reduce the potential for survival bias. Both massive haemorrhage and transfusion are associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity(need for dialysis/surgical site infection) following liver transplantation although causality is difficult to prove due to the observational design of most trials. The blood loss associated with liver transplantation is multifactorial. Portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis results in extensive collateral circulation, which can bleed during hepatectomy particular if portal pressures are increased. Avoiding volume loading and maintenance of a low central venous pressure together with the use of vasopressors have been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion during liver transplantation, but may increase the risk of renal impairment post-operatively. Coagulation defects may be present pre-transplant, but haemostasis is often re-balanced due to a deficit in both proand anti-coagulation factors. Further derangement of haemostasis may develop in the anhepatic and neohepatic phases due to absent hepatic metabolic function, hyperfibrinolysis and platelet sequestration in the donor liver. Point-of-care tests of coagulation such as the viscoelastic tests rotation thromboelastometry/thromboelastometry allow and more accurate and rapid assessment of these derangements in coagulation and guide the use of factor replacement and antifibrinolytics. Transfusion protocols guided by these tests have been shown to reduce transfusion rates compared with conventional coagulation tests, but have not shownimprovements in mortality or morbidity. Pre-operative factors associated with massive transfusion include previous surgery, re-do transplantation, the aetiology and severity of liver disease. Intra-operatively the use of piggy-back tech展开更多
文摘目的分析大量输血患者的血液使用情况,了解大量输血患者血液检测指标的变化以及并发症和死亡率,为临床总结大量输血患者的输血方案提供依据。方法对本院2013年1月-2014年12月共155例大量输血病例进行分析,包括红细胞悬液、血浆、血小板和冷沉淀等成分血使用及输血前后血液检测指标变化情况。结果在155例输血病例中,红细胞平均用量为23 U,血浆平均用量为2 500 m L,23名患者使用了血小板,94名患者使用了冷沉淀。血液的发放多以红细胞4 U+血浆400-800 m L输血包方式。死亡患者与存活患者输血后24 h的Hb存在明显差异,(70.9±21.5)g/L vs(81.2±21.2)g/L(P<0.05)。结论以红细胞4 U+血浆400-800 m L输血包方式的大量输血方案在临床应用广泛,且更利于患者预后。
基金Supported by Department of AnesthesiaPain Management academic program support
文摘From its inception the success of liver transplantation has been associated with massive blood loss. Massive transfusion is classically defined as > 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h, but describing transfusion rates over a shorter period of time may reduce the potential for survival bias. Both massive haemorrhage and transfusion are associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity(need for dialysis/surgical site infection) following liver transplantation although causality is difficult to prove due to the observational design of most trials. The blood loss associated with liver transplantation is multifactorial. Portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis results in extensive collateral circulation, which can bleed during hepatectomy particular if portal pressures are increased. Avoiding volume loading and maintenance of a low central venous pressure together with the use of vasopressors have been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion during liver transplantation, but may increase the risk of renal impairment post-operatively. Coagulation defects may be present pre-transplant, but haemostasis is often re-balanced due to a deficit in both proand anti-coagulation factors. Further derangement of haemostasis may develop in the anhepatic and neohepatic phases due to absent hepatic metabolic function, hyperfibrinolysis and platelet sequestration in the donor liver. Point-of-care tests of coagulation such as the viscoelastic tests rotation thromboelastometry/thromboelastometry allow and more accurate and rapid assessment of these derangements in coagulation and guide the use of factor replacement and antifibrinolytics. Transfusion protocols guided by these tests have been shown to reduce transfusion rates compared with conventional coagulation tests, but have not shownimprovements in mortality or morbidity. Pre-operative factors associated with massive transfusion include previous surgery, re-do transplantation, the aetiology and severity of liver disease. Intra-operatively the use of piggy-back tech
