新疆天山北麓玛纳斯河流域冬、春季积雪覆盖,高山冰川发育,是我国西北干旱区的典型流域,其冰雪融水对北疆工农业生产和生态环境具有重要意义.近五年来,在流域开展5次科学考察、积雪常规观测和星地同步观测,利用GF-1PMS(Panchromatic and...新疆天山北麓玛纳斯河流域冬、春季积雪覆盖,高山冰川发育,是我国西北干旱区的典型流域,其冰雪融水对北疆工农业生产和生态环境具有重要意义.近五年来,在流域开展5次科学考察、积雪常规观测和星地同步观测,利用GF-1PMS(Panchromatic and Multi-Spectral)和WFV(Wide Field of View)、HJ-1CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)和IRS(Infrared Scanner)等国产高分光学遥感数据和C波段RADARSAT-2、ENVISAT ASAR等合成孔径雷达数据,探索山区复杂地形条件下的综合辐射校正方法,建立积雪识别模型获取积雪覆盖范围、积雪表面类型和积雪干湿状况,建立积雪参数反演模型获取雪粒径、雪深和雪水当量,分析流域积雪变化特征与雪盖衰退过程,进行流域融雪径流模型的参数率定、模拟与预报,为流域水资源合理利用与调配提供科学依据.展开更多
Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights...Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.展开更多
【目的】探明新疆玛纳斯河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空变化规律及其影响因素。【方法】基于MODIS遥感数据以及地形、气象因子和人类活动数据,运用Slope趋势分析、相关分析和地理探测器,分析玛纳斯河流域2001—2021年NPP的时空变化...【目的】探明新疆玛纳斯河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空变化规律及其影响因素。【方法】基于MODIS遥感数据以及地形、气象因子和人类活动数据,运用Slope趋势分析、相关分析和地理探测器,分析玛纳斯河流域2001—2021年NPP的时空变化特征及其驱动因素。【结果】2001—2021年,玛纳斯河流域年平均NPP为125.63 g C/(m^(2)·a),2008年最低,为98.80 g C/(m^(2)·a),2016年最高,为163.98 g C/(m^(2)·a),NPP呈年际上升趋势。玛纳斯河流域NPP的空间分布格局呈北部和南部区域低而中部区域高的特征,近63.84%的区域NPP呈增加趋势,其中26.98%的区域NPP显著增加(P<0.05);19.31%的区域NPP显著下降(P<0.05)。NPP随着高程和坡度的增加呈上升趋势,最高值出现在玛纳斯河流域的低山林草区;NPP与气温和降水呈正相关。各因子对NPP的影响程度由高到低依次为高程>土地利用>降水>坡度>GDP>气温>人口密度>夜间灯光,其中高程与土地利用的交互作用对NPP的影响最大。【结论】玛纳斯河流域NPP存在明显的时空分异特征,高程、土地利用以及降水对NPP的时空分布格局具有重要影响。展开更多
文摘新疆天山北麓玛纳斯河流域冬、春季积雪覆盖,高山冰川发育,是我国西北干旱区的典型流域,其冰雪融水对北疆工农业生产和生态环境具有重要意义.近五年来,在流域开展5次科学考察、积雪常规观测和星地同步观测,利用GF-1PMS(Panchromatic and Multi-Spectral)和WFV(Wide Field of View)、HJ-1CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)和IRS(Infrared Scanner)等国产高分光学遥感数据和C波段RADARSAT-2、ENVISAT ASAR等合成孔径雷达数据,探索山区复杂地形条件下的综合辐射校正方法,建立积雪识别模型获取积雪覆盖范围、积雪表面类型和积雪干湿状况,建立积雪参数反演模型获取雪粒径、雪深和雪水当量,分析流域积雪变化特征与雪盖衰退过程,进行流域融雪径流模型的参数率定、模拟与预报,为流域水资源合理利用与调配提供科学依据.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program (2007BAC17B01)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB825100)
文摘Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.
文摘【目的】探明新疆玛纳斯河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空变化规律及其影响因素。【方法】基于MODIS遥感数据以及地形、气象因子和人类活动数据,运用Slope趋势分析、相关分析和地理探测器,分析玛纳斯河流域2001—2021年NPP的时空变化特征及其驱动因素。【结果】2001—2021年,玛纳斯河流域年平均NPP为125.63 g C/(m^(2)·a),2008年最低,为98.80 g C/(m^(2)·a),2016年最高,为163.98 g C/(m^(2)·a),NPP呈年际上升趋势。玛纳斯河流域NPP的空间分布格局呈北部和南部区域低而中部区域高的特征,近63.84%的区域NPP呈增加趋势,其中26.98%的区域NPP显著增加(P<0.05);19.31%的区域NPP显著下降(P<0.05)。NPP随着高程和坡度的增加呈上升趋势,最高值出现在玛纳斯河流域的低山林草区;NPP与气温和降水呈正相关。各因子对NPP的影响程度由高到低依次为高程>土地利用>降水>坡度>GDP>气温>人口密度>夜间灯光,其中高程与土地利用的交互作用对NPP的影响最大。【结论】玛纳斯河流域NPP存在明显的时空分异特征,高程、土地利用以及降水对NPP的时空分布格局具有重要影响。
