AIM:To investigate the antibacterial effects of a crude extract of maggots against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and the underlying mechanisms,and to separate and purifythe crude extract of maggots to assess the antibacter...AIM:To investigate the antibacterial effects of a crude extract of maggots against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and the underlying mechanisms,and to separate and purifythe crude extract of maggots to assess the antibacterial effects of the active ingredients in the crude extract.METHODS:Different concentrations of the crude extract of maggots were incubated with E.coli(O157:H7) and cultured.The optical density(OD) was measured at different time points to plot the OD-T curve.The effects of different concentrations of the crude extract on bacterial membrane permeability were determined by fluorescence probe technique.The effects of different concentrations of the crude extract on plasmid DNA replication were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryls-200 HR gel filtration chromatography were used to separate and purify the crude extract of maggots.The molecular weight of proteins in the purified crude extract was determined by SDS-PAGD electrophoresis,and its antibacterial effects were determined by turbidimetric method.RESULTS:The antibacterial effects of the crude extract of maggots at concentrations > 0.5 mg/m L were significant.The antibacterial effects of the crude extract at concentrations of 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/m L did not differ significantly.Fluorescence probe analysis showed that the rate of membrane permeability change was 1223.1% in bacteria incubated with 2 mg/m L of the crude extract,and 1300.0% in those incubated with 80 mg/m L of the crude extract.Plasmid DNA was undetectable in E.coli incubated with 2 and 80 mg/m L of the crude extract.A low molecular weight protein band(about 15 k Da) was detected in the crude extract of maggots and eluent,but not in eluant,from DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography.The antibacterial effects of the crude extract of maggots and eluent were superior to those of eluant,with the antibacterial effects of eluents being better than those of the crude extract of maggots.Of 24 tubes offiltrates,the antibacterial effe展开更多
Introduction:Myiasis is an infestation of the tissues and organs of living vertebrates and humans by fly larvae,usually those belonging to the Calliphoridae family.The larvae feed on the host’s necrotic or living tis...Introduction:Myiasis is an infestation of the tissues and organs of living vertebrates and humans by fly larvae,usually those belonging to the Calliphoridae family.The larvae feed on the host’s necrotic or living tissue.Case presentation:On mucocutaneous examination,the patient had multiple sinus tracts covered with purulent necrotic slough,and cylindrical maggots were crawling out of and around the areas of slough.The patient was diagnosed with wound myiasis caused byCochliomyia hominivorax.Turpentine oil flushes and oral ivermectin were prescribed.Discussion:Cutaneous myiasis can be papular,pustular,furuncular,and nodular.It is more common in people who have poor hygiene and intimate contact with domestic animals,such as people living in rural areas and tropical/subtropical countries.The chief aim of management is to remove the maggots as soon as possible,kill them to prevent maturation,promote wound healing,and prevent development of secondary complications.Conclusion:In the current case,the patient’s poor nursing and personal care and low socioeconomic condition predisposed her to secondary wound infection and maggot infestation.Such cases require prompt care to prevent secondary infection and septicemia.展开更多
A notably killing maggots bacterium was isolated from natural dead maggots in the manure pits in the countryside of Yancheng.Its pathogenicity was confirmed by the law of KOCK.The results of preliminary bioassay show ...A notably killing maggots bacterium was isolated from natural dead maggots in the manure pits in the countryside of Yancheng.Its pathogenicity was confirmed by the law of KOCK.The results of preliminary bioassay show that the pathogen can infect the larvas of greenbottle flies and other larvas of flies in a certain extent,but can’t infect animals and fowls.The G+C content of its DNA is 62.46%.The hybridization ratio of its DNA and the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes’(AS1.1806) is 81.2%.According to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Ninth edition,the strain of the bacterium was primarily identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Live delivery limits the clinical application of maggot therapy. To date in China, there are no in vivo reports regarding wound healing mechanisms of maggot therapy or the effects of maggot homogenate on w...BACKGROUND：Live delivery limits the clinical application of maggot therapy. To date in China, there are no in vivo reports regarding wound healing mechanisms of maggot therapy or the effects of maggot homogenate on wound nerve regeneration.OBJECTIVE：To avoid complications due to the use of live maggots, an aseptic maggot homogenate was applied. Substance P （SP） and gene protein product 9.5 expression in a cutaneous wound was analyzed to explore possible mechanisms of neural regeneration and wound healing in the rat.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A random grouping and controlled animal study was performed at the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University from August 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS：Live maggots were cultured and provided by the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China.METHODS：A total of 48 adult rats were selected and two acute, full-thickness wounds （round, 1.5 cm diameter） were created on the back of each rat. The two wounds were randomly assigned to homogenate product and control groups. Following two-step disinfection of maggots, a homogenate was produced from 10 maggots and applied to the wound area in the homogenate product group, while the wounds in the control group were treated with normal saline alone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：On days 1,3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 following injury, the wound tissue was excised. Histological examination of the wound was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining or Masson＇s Trichrome staining. SP and protein gene product 9.5 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate wound neural regeneration.RESULTS：On days 7, 10, and 14, the rate of wound healing was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, and homogenate healing was better than that seen in the control group. On days 3, 7, and 10, SP expression in cells and regenerative nerves was s展开更多
Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic w...Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic wounds that fail to respond to conventional modalities. MDT has relied on Lucilia cuprina, which consumes only necrotic tissues, as opposed to Lucilia cuprina, which devours both flesh and necrotic tissues. Recent findings have shown that L. cuprina consumes mainly necrotic and very small amounts of viable tissues and may be used in MDT where L. sericata is very rare or absent. Here we describe wound healing in a patient from rural South Africa with cutaneous myiasis. Our findings agree with workers who indicated that L. cuprina could be used in MDT.展开更多
We recently experienced a case of intestinal myiasis caused by maggots of fly, Sarcophagidae. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented in August 2015 with a 2-day his-tory of diarrhea and white maggots in his stool. Two d...We recently experienced a case of intestinal myiasis caused by maggots of fly, Sarcophagidae. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented in August 2015 with a 2-day his-tory of diarrhea and white maggots in his stool. Two days before his presentation, he took Chinese noodles and lettuce. At his presentation, we observed a number of discharged insect bodies in his stool. The insect bodies were identified as the larvae of the 3rd instar flesh fly Sarcophagidae based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations. We finally diagnosed as intestinal myiasis due to the fact that the patient had the insect bodies mixed in his diet, lettuce. A few days after the treatment with antibiotics, his symptoms disappeared. Accurate diagnosis of intestinal myiasis in developed countries is necessary to avoid ineffective treatment.展开更多
No or little information on the use fresh(wet)housefly maggots(Musca domestica)in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)fry feeding.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding on fresh(wet)hou...No or little information on the use fresh(wet)housefly maggots(Musca domestica)in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)fry feeding.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding on fresh(wet)housefly maggots with or without artificial diet on water quality,growth performance,survival percentage and feed utilization of African catfish fry under laboratory conditions.Housefly maggots produced from a mixture of poultry droppings and foods wastes,it was used to replace artificial feed at 0,50 and 100% levels.Catfish were fed artificial diet alone(Feed 1),fresh(wet)housefly maggots alone(Feed 2),and 50% fresh housefly maggots with 50% artificial diet(Feed 3)were prepared and tested on triplicate groups of African catfish fry(initial weight of 0.25±0.02 g)for 60 days.Results showed that final weight(g/fish)was significantly(P≤0.05)higher in fish fed on feed 3(6.03±0.08),followed by fish fed feed 2(4.62±0.27),followed by fish fed feed 1(3.15±0.68).Specific growth rate(%/day)was also significantly higher in fish fed on feed 3(5.31±0.10),followed by fish fed feed 2(4.86±0.03),followed by fish fed feed 1(4.18±0.24).The same trend was observed with total weight gain,percentage weight gain,daily growth rate and relative growth rate.Feed intake and protein intake were significantly(P≤0.05)higher in fish fed on feed 3 and fish fed on feed 2,followed by fish fed feed 1.While,feed conversion ratio(FCR)and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly(P>0.05),but the improvement in FCR recorded in catfish fry fed feed 3 and feed 2 under the experimental conditions.Survival percentage was within the range 55-75%,with insignificant differences(P>0.05)among treatments.The water quality parameters such as temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen,total ammonia,nitrite and nitrate were not significantly(P>0.05)between the treatments and were tolerable for Catfish culture.Accordingly,use of the 50% fresh(wet)housefly maggots with 50% artificial diet in African catfish fry feeding had positive effect on growth 展开更多
Rationale:Human myiasis is the invasion of tissue or organs by fly larvae.This could be obligatory,facultative,or accidental.Patient concerns:A 4-year-old Saudi boy complained of fever over the past three days with mu...Rationale:Human myiasis is the invasion of tissue or organs by fly larvae.This could be obligatory,facultative,or accidental.Patient concerns:A 4-year-old Saudi boy complained of fever over the past three days with multiple inflamed painful dermal furuncles and worms-like discharge.Diagnosis:Furuncular obligatory myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica.Interventions:Maggots were removed for identification.The wounds were cleaned with antiseptic dressings.Topical and oral antibiotics were applied.Outcomes:Seven days later,the wounds completely healed.Lessons:Although several reports correlated human myiasis with old age,low health status,mental retardation,and low socioeconomic status,but the patient in our case was a healthy child from a family with good socioeconomic status,good hygiene,no history of diseases or mental disability,but traveled to a village where the climate is suitable for fly breeding.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to select an efficient and non-pol-luting method to kil the larva of fruit fly in citrus. [Method] The larvae of Bactrocera minax in citrus fruits were suffocated using plastic b...[Objective] The aim of this study was to select an efficient and non-pol-luting method to kil the larva of fruit fly in citrus. [Method] The larvae of Bactrocera minax in citrus fruits were suffocated using plastic bags with or without a certain concentration of pesticide. Then, the mortality of in different treatments was measured 24, 48, 60, 240 and 480 h later. Final y, variance analysis was carried out. [Result] There was no significant difference in the mortality between the two treatments： suffocating the larvae with sealed plastic bags containing no or a certain concentration of pesticide 5 d. later. The former had high mortality, but also was economic and without any pol ution. The orange maggots were more easier to be kil ed in sealed plastic bags. [Conclusion] Suffocating orange maggots with no-insec-ticide plastic bag is economic, efficient and has no pol ution to the environment.展开更多
The main animal protein ingredient in fish diets is most often fishmeal because of its nutritional quality.However,the limited availability and increasingly cost of fishmeal has lead to investigations of either loweri...The main animal protein ingredient in fish diets is most often fishmeal because of its nutritional quality.However,the limited availability and increasingly cost of fishmeal has lead to investigations of either lowering or replacing the fishmeal content with more economic protein sources of animal and/or plant origin.The research for appropriate and cheap cost alternative sources of protein to use in commercial fish diets will be the most important factor in intensive fish culture development.Insect meals are healthy and nutritious alternatives to fish meal due to their rich nutritional values,particularly protein,fat and minerals.Housefly maggots(Musca domestica)meal is also rich in B complex vitamins,trace elements and phosphorus.From the results of previous studies,Housefly maggots meal can be used successfully to replace the fish meal portion partially or completely in the fish diets.Also,the results observed that not physiological stressful was introduced in the fish by feeding Housefly maggots meal diets.This indicates that Housefly maggots meal were well utilized by the fish thus resulting in good growth of fish.In other study,observed a best growth performance with fish feeding on diets containing maggot’s meal compared with fish feeding on fishmeal diet.This indicates the high nutritional quality and fish acceptance of maggot’s meal.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81270052
文摘AIM:To investigate the antibacterial effects of a crude extract of maggots against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and the underlying mechanisms,and to separate and purifythe crude extract of maggots to assess the antibacterial effects of the active ingredients in the crude extract.METHODS:Different concentrations of the crude extract of maggots were incubated with E.coli(O157:H7) and cultured.The optical density(OD) was measured at different time points to plot the OD-T curve.The effects of different concentrations of the crude extract on bacterial membrane permeability were determined by fluorescence probe technique.The effects of different concentrations of the crude extract on plasmid DNA replication were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryls-200 HR gel filtration chromatography were used to separate and purify the crude extract of maggots.The molecular weight of proteins in the purified crude extract was determined by SDS-PAGD electrophoresis,and its antibacterial effects were determined by turbidimetric method.RESULTS:The antibacterial effects of the crude extract of maggots at concentrations > 0.5 mg/m L were significant.The antibacterial effects of the crude extract at concentrations of 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/m L did not differ significantly.Fluorescence probe analysis showed that the rate of membrane permeability change was 1223.1% in bacteria incubated with 2 mg/m L of the crude extract,and 1300.0% in those incubated with 80 mg/m L of the crude extract.Plasmid DNA was undetectable in E.coli incubated with 2 and 80 mg/m L of the crude extract.A low molecular weight protein band(about 15 k Da) was detected in the crude extract of maggots and eluent,but not in eluant,from DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography.The antibacterial effects of the crude extract of maggots and eluent were superior to those of eluant,with the antibacterial effects of eluents being better than those of the crude extract of maggots.Of 24 tubes offiltrates,the antibacterial effe
文摘Introduction:Myiasis is an infestation of the tissues and organs of living vertebrates and humans by fly larvae,usually those belonging to the Calliphoridae family.The larvae feed on the host’s necrotic or living tissue.Case presentation:On mucocutaneous examination,the patient had multiple sinus tracts covered with purulent necrotic slough,and cylindrical maggots were crawling out of and around the areas of slough.The patient was diagnosed with wound myiasis caused byCochliomyia hominivorax.Turpentine oil flushes and oral ivermectin were prescribed.Discussion:Cutaneous myiasis can be papular,pustular,furuncular,and nodular.It is more common in people who have poor hygiene and intimate contact with domestic animals,such as people living in rural areas and tropical/subtropical countries.The chief aim of management is to remove the maggots as soon as possible,kill them to prevent maturation,promote wound healing,and prevent development of secondary complications.Conclusion:In the current case,the patient’s poor nursing and personal care and low socioeconomic condition predisposed her to secondary wound infection and maggot infestation.Such cases require prompt care to prevent secondary infection and septicemia.
文摘A notably killing maggots bacterium was isolated from natural dead maggots in the manure pits in the countryside of Yancheng.Its pathogenicity was confirmed by the law of KOCK.The results of preliminary bioassay show that the pathogen can infect the larvas of greenbottle flies and other larvas of flies in a certain extent,but can’t infect animals and fowls.The G+C content of its DNA is 62.46%.The hybridization ratio of its DNA and the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes’(AS1.1806) is 81.2%.According to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Ninth edition,the strain of the bacterium was primarily identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30873336
文摘BACKGROUND：Live delivery limits the clinical application of maggot therapy. To date in China, there are no in vivo reports regarding wound healing mechanisms of maggot therapy or the effects of maggot homogenate on wound nerve regeneration.OBJECTIVE：To avoid complications due to the use of live maggots, an aseptic maggot homogenate was applied. Substance P （SP） and gene protein product 9.5 expression in a cutaneous wound was analyzed to explore possible mechanisms of neural regeneration and wound healing in the rat.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A random grouping and controlled animal study was performed at the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University from August 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS：Live maggots were cultured and provided by the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China.METHODS：A total of 48 adult rats were selected and two acute, full-thickness wounds （round, 1.5 cm diameter） were created on the back of each rat. The two wounds were randomly assigned to homogenate product and control groups. Following two-step disinfection of maggots, a homogenate was produced from 10 maggots and applied to the wound area in the homogenate product group, while the wounds in the control group were treated with normal saline alone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：On days 1,3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 following injury, the wound tissue was excised. Histological examination of the wound was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining or Masson＇s Trichrome staining. SP and protein gene product 9.5 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate wound neural regeneration.RESULTS：On days 7, 10, and 14, the rate of wound healing was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, and homogenate healing was better than that seen in the control group. On days 3, 7, and 10, SP expression in cells and regenerative nerves was s
文摘Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic wounds that fail to respond to conventional modalities. MDT has relied on Lucilia cuprina, which consumes only necrotic tissues, as opposed to Lucilia cuprina, which devours both flesh and necrotic tissues. Recent findings have shown that L. cuprina consumes mainly necrotic and very small amounts of viable tissues and may be used in MDT where L. sericata is very rare or absent. Here we describe wound healing in a patient from rural South Africa with cutaneous myiasis. Our findings agree with workers who indicated that L. cuprina could be used in MDT.
文摘We recently experienced a case of intestinal myiasis caused by maggots of fly, Sarcophagidae. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented in August 2015 with a 2-day his-tory of diarrhea and white maggots in his stool. Two days before his presentation, he took Chinese noodles and lettuce. At his presentation, we observed a number of discharged insect bodies in his stool. The insect bodies were identified as the larvae of the 3rd instar flesh fly Sarcophagidae based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations. We finally diagnosed as intestinal myiasis due to the fact that the patient had the insect bodies mixed in his diet, lettuce. A few days after the treatment with antibiotics, his symptoms disappeared. Accurate diagnosis of intestinal myiasis in developed countries is necessary to avoid ineffective treatment.
文摘No or little information on the use fresh(wet)housefly maggots(Musca domestica)in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)fry feeding.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding on fresh(wet)housefly maggots with or without artificial diet on water quality,growth performance,survival percentage and feed utilization of African catfish fry under laboratory conditions.Housefly maggots produced from a mixture of poultry droppings and foods wastes,it was used to replace artificial feed at 0,50 and 100% levels.Catfish were fed artificial diet alone(Feed 1),fresh(wet)housefly maggots alone(Feed 2),and 50% fresh housefly maggots with 50% artificial diet(Feed 3)were prepared and tested on triplicate groups of African catfish fry(initial weight of 0.25±0.02 g)for 60 days.Results showed that final weight(g/fish)was significantly(P≤0.05)higher in fish fed on feed 3(6.03±0.08),followed by fish fed feed 2(4.62±0.27),followed by fish fed feed 1(3.15±0.68).Specific growth rate(%/day)was also significantly higher in fish fed on feed 3(5.31±0.10),followed by fish fed feed 2(4.86±0.03),followed by fish fed feed 1(4.18±0.24).The same trend was observed with total weight gain,percentage weight gain,daily growth rate and relative growth rate.Feed intake and protein intake were significantly(P≤0.05)higher in fish fed on feed 3 and fish fed on feed 2,followed by fish fed feed 1.While,feed conversion ratio(FCR)and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly(P>0.05),but the improvement in FCR recorded in catfish fry fed feed 3 and feed 2 under the experimental conditions.Survival percentage was within the range 55-75%,with insignificant differences(P>0.05)among treatments.The water quality parameters such as temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen,total ammonia,nitrite and nitrate were not significantly(P>0.05)between the treatments and were tolerable for Catfish culture.Accordingly,use of the 50% fresh(wet)housefly maggots with 50% artificial diet in African catfish fry feeding had positive effect on growth
文摘Rationale:Human myiasis is the invasion of tissue or organs by fly larvae.This could be obligatory,facultative,or accidental.Patient concerns:A 4-year-old Saudi boy complained of fever over the past three days with multiple inflamed painful dermal furuncles and worms-like discharge.Diagnosis:Furuncular obligatory myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica.Interventions:Maggots were removed for identification.The wounds were cleaned with antiseptic dressings.Topical and oral antibiotics were applied.Outcomes:Seven days later,the wounds completely healed.Lessons:Although several reports correlated human myiasis with old age,low health status,mental retardation,and low socioeconomic status,but the patient in our case was a healthy child from a family with good socioeconomic status,good hygiene,no history of diseases or mental disability,but traveled to a village where the climate is suitable for fly breeding.
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to select an efficient and non-pol-luting method to kil the larva of fruit fly in citrus. [Method] The larvae of Bactrocera minax in citrus fruits were suffocated using plastic bags with or without a certain concentration of pesticide. Then, the mortality of in different treatments was measured 24, 48, 60, 240 and 480 h later. Final y, variance analysis was carried out. [Result] There was no significant difference in the mortality between the two treatments： suffocating the larvae with sealed plastic bags containing no or a certain concentration of pesticide 5 d. later. The former had high mortality, but also was economic and without any pol ution. The orange maggots were more easier to be kil ed in sealed plastic bags. [Conclusion] Suffocating orange maggots with no-insec-ticide plastic bag is economic, efficient and has no pol ution to the environment.
文摘The main animal protein ingredient in fish diets is most often fishmeal because of its nutritional quality.However,the limited availability and increasingly cost of fishmeal has lead to investigations of either lowering or replacing the fishmeal content with more economic protein sources of animal and/or plant origin.The research for appropriate and cheap cost alternative sources of protein to use in commercial fish diets will be the most important factor in intensive fish culture development.Insect meals are healthy and nutritious alternatives to fish meal due to their rich nutritional values,particularly protein,fat and minerals.Housefly maggots(Musca domestica)meal is also rich in B complex vitamins,trace elements and phosphorus.From the results of previous studies,Housefly maggots meal can be used successfully to replace the fish meal portion partially or completely in the fish diets.Also,the results observed that not physiological stressful was introduced in the fish by feeding Housefly maggots meal diets.This indicates that Housefly maggots meal were well utilized by the fish thus resulting in good growth of fish.In other study,observed a best growth performance with fish feeding on diets containing maggot’s meal compared with fish feeding on fishmeal diet.This indicates the high nutritional quality and fish acceptance of maggot’s meal.
