In anther development, tapetal cells take part in complex processes, including endomitosis and apoptosis （programmed cell death）. The tapetum provides many of the proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and other molecule...In anther development, tapetal cells take part in complex processes, including endomitosis and apoptosis （programmed cell death）. The tapetum provides many of the proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and other molecules necessary for pollen development. Several transcription factors, including DYT1, TDF1, AMS, MS188 and MS1, have been reported to be essential for tapetum development and function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we present a detailed cytological analysis of knockout mutants for these genes, along with an in situ RNA hybridization experiment and double mutant analysis showing that these transcription factors form a genetic pathway in tapetum development. DYT1, TDF1 and AMS function in early tapetum development, while MS188 and MS1 are important for late tapetum development. The genetic pathway revealed in this work facilitates further investigation of the function and molecular mechanisms of tapetum development in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Male sterility is an essential trait in hybrid seed production,especially for monoclinous and autogamous food crops.Soybean male-sterile ms1 mutant has been known for more than 50 years and could be instrumental in ma...Male sterility is an essential trait in hybrid seed production,especially for monoclinous and autogamous food crops.Soybean male-sterile ms1 mutant has been known for more than 50 years and could be instrumental in making hybrid seeds.However,the gene responsible for the male-sterile phenotype has remained unknown.Here,we report the map-based cloning and characterization of the MS1 gene in soybean.MS1 encodes a kinesin protein and localizes to the nucleus,where it is required for the male meiotic cytokinesis after telophase Ⅱ.We further substantiated that MS1 colocalizes with microtubules and is essential for cell plate formation in soybean male gametogenesis through immunostaining.Both ms1 and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants show complete male sterility but are otherwise phenotypically normal,making them perfect tools for producing hybrid seeds.The identification of MS1 has the practical potential for assembling the sterility system and speeding up hybrid soybean breeding.展开更多
以L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐为原料,合成了大蒜中三种主要的蒜氨酸——S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜、S-丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜和S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜,并通过HPLC、MS和1 H NMR方法对三种合成化合物的纯度进行了检测。结果表明,三种化合物的纯度为99...以L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐为原料,合成了大蒜中三种主要的蒜氨酸——S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜、S-丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜和S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜,并通过HPLC、MS和1 H NMR方法对三种合成化合物的纯度进行了检测。结果表明,三种化合物的纯度为99.99%,产率分别可达46.5%,34.6%,46.2%。展开更多
TaMs1 encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP) and is required for pollen development in wheat. Although MS1 is a Poaceae-specific gene, the roles of MS1 genes in other Poaceae plants are unknown, especial...TaMs1 encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP) and is required for pollen development in wheat. Although MS1 is a Poaceae-specific gene, the roles of MS1 genes in other Poaceae plants are unknown, especially in rice and maize. Here, we identified one ortholog in rice(OsLTPg29) and two orthologs in maize(ZmLTPg11 and ZmLTPx2). Similar to TaMs1, both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 genes are specifically expressed in the microsporocytes, and both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 proteins showed lipid-binding ability to phosphatidic acid and several phosphoinositides. To determine their roles in pollen development, we created osltpg29 mutants and zmltpg11 zmltpx2 double mutants by CRISPR/Cas9.osltpg29, not zmltpg11 zmltpx2, is defective in pollen development, and only OsLTPg29, not ZmLTPg11,can rescue the male sterility of tams1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that the biological function of MS1 in pollen development differs in the evolution of Poaceae plants.展开更多
已经成功开发出多款智能家居产品的Broad Link近日又发布了一款智能音箱——MS1,该产品由TCL提供硬件技术支持,还经过了世界级音响品牌JBL权威电声认证。这款智能音箱有哪些出众的地方？下面就一起来体验一下。外观设计前卫做工优秀Broa...已经成功开发出多款智能家居产品的Broad Link近日又发布了一款智能音箱——MS1,该产品由TCL提供硬件技术支持,还经过了世界级音响品牌JBL权威电声认证。这款智能音箱有哪些出众的地方？下面就一起来体验一下。外观设计前卫做工优秀BroadL i nk MS1体积纤小,携带较为方便。外形设计有点像坦克履带,外壳主要以硬塑材质为主,正面被带有小圆形的均衡防尘网罩覆盖,底部中间位置有一块金属材质的＂JBL＂logo。展开更多
Objective To develop a technique for simultaneous detection of various target genes in Roundup Ready soybean by combining multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray. Methods Two sets of the multiplex PCR system were...Objective To develop a technique for simultaneous detection of various target genes in Roundup Ready soybean by combining multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray. Methods Two sets of the multiplex PCR system were used to amplify the target genes in genetically modified （GM） soybean. Seventeen capture probes （PCR products） and 17 pairs of corresponding primers were designed according to the genetic characteristics of Rroundup Ready soybean （GTS40-3-2）, maize （MonS10, Nk603, GA21）, canola （T45, MS1/RF1）, and rice （SCK） in many identified GM crops. All of the probes were categorized and identified as species-specific probes. One negative probe and one positive control probe were used to assess the efficiency of all reactions, and therefore eliminate any false positive and negative results. After multiplex PCR reaction, amplicons were adulterated with Cy5-dUTP and hybridized with DNA microarray. The array was then scanned to display the specific hybridization signals of target genes. The assay was applied to the analysis of sample of certified transgenic soybean （Roundup Ready GTS40-3-2） and canola （MS1/RF1）. Results A combination technique of multiplex PCR and DNA microarray was successfully developed to identify multi-target genes in Roundup Ready soybean and MS 1/RF1 canola with a great specificity and reliability. Reliable identification of genetic characteristics of Roundup Ready of GM soybean from genetically modified crops was achieved at 0.5% transgenic events, indicating a high sensitivity. Conclusion A combination technique of multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray can reliably detect and identify the genetically modified crops.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30925007)Shanghai(11ZR1425800)the State Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (2007CB947600)
文摘In anther development, tapetal cells take part in complex processes, including endomitosis and apoptosis （programmed cell death）. The tapetum provides many of the proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and other molecules necessary for pollen development. Several transcription factors, including DYT1, TDF1, AMS, MS188 and MS1, have been reported to be essential for tapetum development and function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we present a detailed cytological analysis of knockout mutants for these genes, along with an in situ RNA hybridization experiment and double mutant analysis showing that these transcription factors form a genetic pathway in tapetum development. DYT1, TDF1 and AMS function in early tapetum development, while MS188 and MS1 are important for late tapetum development. The genetic pathway revealed in this work facilitates further investigation of the function and molecular mechanisms of tapetum development in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072084,31871648,and 31971969)。
文摘Male sterility is an essential trait in hybrid seed production,especially for monoclinous and autogamous food crops.Soybean male-sterile ms1 mutant has been known for more than 50 years and could be instrumental in making hybrid seeds.However,the gene responsible for the male-sterile phenotype has remained unknown.Here,we report the map-based cloning and characterization of the MS1 gene in soybean.MS1 encodes a kinesin protein and localizes to the nucleus,where it is required for the male meiotic cytokinesis after telophase Ⅱ.We further substantiated that MS1 colocalizes with microtubules and is essential for cell plate formation in soybean male gametogenesis through immunostaining.Both ms1 and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants show complete male sterility but are otherwise phenotypically normal,making them perfect tools for producing hybrid seeds.The identification of MS1 has the practical potential for assembling the sterility system and speeding up hybrid soybean breeding.
文摘以L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐为原料,合成了大蒜中三种主要的蒜氨酸——S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜、S-丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜和S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜,并通过HPLC、MS和1 H NMR方法对三种合成化合物的纯度进行了检测。结果表明,三种化合物的纯度为99.99%,产率分别可达46.5%,34.6%,46.2%。
基金supported by Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, and Beijing Municipal Government Science Foundation (IDHT20170513)。
文摘TaMs1 encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP) and is required for pollen development in wheat. Although MS1 is a Poaceae-specific gene, the roles of MS1 genes in other Poaceae plants are unknown, especially in rice and maize. Here, we identified one ortholog in rice(OsLTPg29) and two orthologs in maize(ZmLTPg11 and ZmLTPx2). Similar to TaMs1, both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 genes are specifically expressed in the microsporocytes, and both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 proteins showed lipid-binding ability to phosphatidic acid and several phosphoinositides. To determine their roles in pollen development, we created osltpg29 mutants and zmltpg11 zmltpx2 double mutants by CRISPR/Cas9.osltpg29, not zmltpg11 zmltpx2, is defective in pollen development, and only OsLTPg29, not ZmLTPg11,can rescue the male sterility of tams1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that the biological function of MS1 in pollen development differs in the evolution of Poaceae plants.
文摘已经成功开发出多款智能家居产品的Broad Link近日又发布了一款智能音箱——MS1,该产品由TCL提供硬件技术支持,还经过了世界级音响品牌JBL权威电声认证。这款智能音箱有哪些出众的地方？下面就一起来体验一下。外观设计前卫做工优秀BroadL i nk MS1体积纤小,携带较为方便。外形设计有点像坦克履带,外壳主要以硬塑材质为主,正面被带有小圆形的均衡防尘网罩覆盖,底部中间位置有一块金属材质的＂JBL＂logo。
基金National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2001CB109001)National High-Tech Research Program of China (No. 2002AA212041)
文摘Objective To develop a technique for simultaneous detection of various target genes in Roundup Ready soybean by combining multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray. Methods Two sets of the multiplex PCR system were used to amplify the target genes in genetically modified （GM） soybean. Seventeen capture probes （PCR products） and 17 pairs of corresponding primers were designed according to the genetic characteristics of Rroundup Ready soybean （GTS40-3-2）, maize （MonS10, Nk603, GA21）, canola （T45, MS1/RF1）, and rice （SCK） in many identified GM crops. All of the probes were categorized and identified as species-specific probes. One negative probe and one positive control probe were used to assess the efficiency of all reactions, and therefore eliminate any false positive and negative results. After multiplex PCR reaction, amplicons were adulterated with Cy5-dUTP and hybridized with DNA microarray. The array was then scanned to display the specific hybridization signals of target genes. The assay was applied to the analysis of sample of certified transgenic soybean （Roundup Ready GTS40-3-2） and canola （MS1/RF1）. Results A combination technique of multiplex PCR and DNA microarray was successfully developed to identify multi-target genes in Roundup Ready soybean and MS 1/RF1 canola with a great specificity and reliability. Reliable identification of genetic characteristics of Roundup Ready of GM soybean from genetically modified crops was achieved at 0.5% transgenic events, indicating a high sensitivity. Conclusion A combination technique of multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray can reliably detect and identify the genetically modified crops.
