In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological...In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10<sup>-36</sup> kg = 0.68927247 eV/c<sup>2</sup>. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions V<sub>e</sub>⟶V<sub>μ</sub> and V<sub>μ</sub>⟶V<sub>τ</sub> occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.展开更多
We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam(WS) theory.The monopoles are finitely separated,while each p...We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam(WS) theory.The monopoles are finitely separated,while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/e.The positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere,whereas the negative pole is in the lower hemisphere.The Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,0.4675≤ tan θ_(W)≤10,and Higgs self-coupling,0 ≤ β ≤ 1.7704.The magnetic dipole moment(μm) and pole separation(d_(z)) of the numerical solutions are calculated and analyzed.The total energy of the system,however,is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.展开更多
Due to rapid growth in wireless communication technology,higher bandwidth requirement for advance telecommunication systems,capable of operating on two or higher bands with higher channel capacities and minimum distor...Due to rapid growth in wireless communication technology,higher bandwidth requirement for advance telecommunication systems,capable of operating on two or higher bands with higher channel capacities and minimum distortion losses is desired.In this paper,a compact Ultra-Wideband(UWB)V-shaped monopole antenna is presented.UWB response is achieved by modifying the ground plane with Chichen Itzia inspired rectangular staircase shape.The proposed V-shaped is designed by incorporating a rectangle,and an inverted isosceles triangle using FR4 substrate.The size of the antenna is 25 mm×26 mm×1.6 mm.The proposed V-shaped monopole antenna produces bandwidth response of 3 GHz Industrial,Scientific,and Medical(ISM),Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),(IEEE 802.11/HIPERLAN band,5G sub 6 GHz)which with an additional square cut amplified the bandwidth response up to 8 GHz ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz attaining UWB defined by Federal Communications Commission(FCC)with a maximum gain of 3.83 dB.The antenna is designed in Ansys HFSS.Results for key performance parameters of the antenna are presented.The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.Due to flat gain,uniform group delay,omni directional radiation pattern characteristics and well-matched impedance,the proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX,ISM and heterogeneous wireless systems.展开更多
A multiple monopole （or multipole） method based on the generalized mul- tipole technique （GMT） is proposed to calculate the band structures of scalar waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals which are composed o...A multiple monopole （or multipole） method based on the generalized mul- tipole technique （GMT） is proposed to calculate the band structures of scalar waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals which are composed of arbitrarily shaped cylinders embedded in a host medium. In order to find the eigenvalues of the problem, besides the sources used to expand the wave field, an extra monopole source is introduced which acts as the external excitation. By varying the frequency of the excitation, the eigenvalues can be localized as the extreme points of an appropriately chosen function. By sweeping the frequency range of interest and sweeping the boundary of the irreducible first Brillouin zone, the band structure is obtained. Some numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed method.展开更多
A new type of ultra-wideband （UWB） printed monopole antennas is presented, which is composed of a circular or armular patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW feeder in the middle. Both simulated and ...A new type of ultra-wideband （UWB） printed monopole antennas is presented, which is composed of a circular or armular patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW feeder in the middle. Both simulated and experimental results are presented, showing good agreement and therefore verifying validity of the design. The proposed antenna with a circular monopole patch achieves an 11.6： 1 measured ratio bandwidth of VSWR ≤2 （ from 0,79 GHz to 9.16 GHz）, while that with an annular patch obtains a measured ratio impedance bandwidth of 10.6：1 （from 0.87 GHz to 9.47 GHz）. In addition, these designs exhibit nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns with simple compact structures, which axe attractive in communications and others UWB applications.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10<sup>-36</sup> kg = 0.68927247 eV/c<sup>2</sup>. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions V<sub>e</sub>⟶V<sub>μ</sub> and V<sub>μ</sub>⟶V<sub>τ</sub> occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.
文摘We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam(WS) theory.The monopoles are finitely separated,while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/e.The positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere,whereas the negative pole is in the lower hemisphere.The Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,0.4675≤ tan θ_(W)≤10,and Higgs self-coupling,0 ≤ β ≤ 1.7704.The magnetic dipole moment(μm) and pole separation(d_(z)) of the numerical solutions are calculated and analyzed.The total energy of the system,however,is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.
基金This work was supported by the Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea,NRF-2019R1A2C1005920,S.K.
文摘Due to rapid growth in wireless communication technology,higher bandwidth requirement for advance telecommunication systems,capable of operating on two or higher bands with higher channel capacities and minimum distortion losses is desired.In this paper,a compact Ultra-Wideband(UWB)V-shaped monopole antenna is presented.UWB response is achieved by modifying the ground plane with Chichen Itzia inspired rectangular staircase shape.The proposed V-shaped is designed by incorporating a rectangle,and an inverted isosceles triangle using FR4 substrate.The size of the antenna is 25 mm×26 mm×1.6 mm.The proposed V-shaped monopole antenna produces bandwidth response of 3 GHz Industrial,Scientific,and Medical(ISM),Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),(IEEE 802.11/HIPERLAN band,5G sub 6 GHz)which with an additional square cut amplified the bandwidth response up to 8 GHz ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz attaining UWB defined by Federal Communications Commission(FCC)with a maximum gain of 3.83 dB.The antenna is designed in Ansys HFSS.Results for key performance parameters of the antenna are presented.The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.Due to flat gain,uniform group delay,omni directional radiation pattern characteristics and well-matched impedance,the proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX,ISM and heterogeneous wireless systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51178037 and10632020)the German Research Foundation(DFG)(Nos.ZH 15/11-1 and ZH 15/16-1)+1 种基金the International Bureau of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)(No.CHN11/045)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB732104)
文摘A multiple monopole （or multipole） method based on the generalized mul- tipole technique （GMT） is proposed to calculate the band structures of scalar waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals which are composed of arbitrarily shaped cylinders embedded in a host medium. In order to find the eigenvalues of the problem, besides the sources used to expand the wave field, an extra monopole source is introduced which acts as the external excitation. By varying the frequency of the excitation, the eigenvalues can be localized as the extreme points of an appropriately chosen function. By sweeping the frequency range of interest and sweeping the boundary of the irreducible first Brillouin zone, the band structure is obtained. Some numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed method.
文摘A new type of ultra-wideband （UWB） printed monopole antennas is presented, which is composed of a circular or armular patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW feeder in the middle. Both simulated and experimental results are presented, showing good agreement and therefore verifying validity of the design. The proposed antenna with a circular monopole patch achieves an 11.6： 1 measured ratio bandwidth of VSWR ≤2 （ from 0,79 GHz to 9.16 GHz）, while that with an annular patch obtains a measured ratio impedance bandwidth of 10.6：1 （from 0.87 GHz to 9.47 GHz）. In addition, these designs exhibit nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns with simple compact structures, which axe attractive in communications and others UWB applications.
