In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility a...In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency （JMA） axe used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement axe reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model （MM5）. Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as： （1） southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; （2） when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer （TIBL） gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; （3） the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and （4） strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study axe that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly waxm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.展开更多
用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF（Weather Research Forecast）和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3～4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景...用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF（Weather Research Forecast）和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3～4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景和暴雨的分布状况；WRF和MM5模拟结果的对比分析表明：由于WRF的动力框架具有一定的优越性使得模式结果得到改善，在前处理和所选物理过程相同的情况下，WRF模式对能够代表本次暴雨过程中中尺度天气系统的高度场、风场、散度场、水汽通量场以及垂直速度场等物理量的模拟效果要好于MM5。高空形势场的影响使WRF模拟的降水落区和强度更接近实况。展开更多
文摘In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency （JMA） axe used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement axe reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model （MM5）. Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as： （1） southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; （2） when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer （TIBL） gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; （3） the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and （4） strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study axe that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly waxm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.
文摘用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF（Weather Research Forecast）和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3～4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景和暴雨的分布状况；WRF和MM5模拟结果的对比分析表明：由于WRF的动力框架具有一定的优越性使得模式结果得到改善，在前处理和所选物理过程相同的情况下，WRF模式对能够代表本次暴雨过程中中尺度天气系统的高度场、风场、散度场、水汽通量场以及垂直速度场等物理量的模拟效果要好于MM5。高空形势场的影响使WRF模拟的降水落区和强度更接近实况。
