AIM To determine the prevalence and diagnostic value of autoantibodies inα-fetoprotein(AFP)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Fifty-six serum samples from AFP-negative HCC cases,86 from AFP-positive HCC ...AIM To determine the prevalence and diagnostic value of autoantibodies inα-fetoprotein(AFP)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Fifty-six serum samples from AFP-negative HCC cases,86 from AFP-positive HCC cases,168 from chronic liver disease cases,and 59 from normal human controls were included in this study.Autoantibodies to nucleophosmin(NPM)1,14-3-3zeta and mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)proteins in AFP-negative HCC serum were evaluated by enzymelinked im munosorbent assay.Partially positive sera were further evaluated by western blotting.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of three tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)in AFP-negative HCC and normal control tissues.RESULTS The frequency of autoantibodies to the three TAAs in AFP-negative HCC sera was 21.4%,19.6%and 19.6%,which was significantly higher than in the chronic liver disease cases and normal human controls(P<0.01)as well as AFP-positive HCC cases.The sensitivity of the three autoantibodies for diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC ranged from 19.6%to 21.4%,and the specificity was approximately 95%.When the three autoantibodies were combined,the sensitivity reached 30.4%and the specificity reached 91.6%.CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to NPM1,14-3-3zeta and MDM2 may be useful biomarkers for immunodiagnosis of AFP-negative HCC.展开更多
Electroacupuncture（EA） has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions,but whether the neuroprotective effect of EA against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion（I/R） injury involves modulation of the extracellular regul...Electroacupuncture（EA） has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions,but whether the neuroprotective effect of EA against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion（I/R） injury involves modulation of the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2（ERK1/2） signaling pathway is unclear.Middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours.A 30-minute period of EA stimulation was applied to both Baihui（DU20） and Dazhui（DU14） acupoints in each rat（10 mm EA penetration depth,continuous wave with a frequency of 3 Hz,and a current intensity of 1–3 m A） when reperfusion was initiated.EA significantly reduced infarct volume,alleviated neuronal injury,and improved neurological function in rats with MCAO.Furthermore,high m RNA expression of Bax and low m RNA expression of Bcl-2 induced by MCAO was prevented by EA.EA substantially restored total glutathione reductase（GR）,glutathione（GSH） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） levels.Additionally,Nrf2 and glutamylcysteine synthetase（GCS） expression levels were markedly increased by EA.Interestingly,the neuroprotective effects of EA were attenuated when ERK1/2 activity was blocked by PD98059（a specific MEK inhibitor）.Collectively,our findings indicate that activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotective effects of EA.Our study provides a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of EA.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on an article by Ruan et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Case.Pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions,including primary pulmonary meningiomas,minute ...In this editorial,we comment on an article by Ruan et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Case.Pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions,including primary pulmonary meningiomas,minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules,and metastatic pulmonary meningiomas are rare pulmonary lesions.These lesions are difficult to differentiate from lung cancers based on clinical and imaging manifestations.Herein,we briefly introduce the clinical,imaging,and pathological characteristics of these lesions and discuss their pathogenesis to strengthen the current understanding of pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions in clinical diagnosis and therapy.展开更多
Against the background of China’s strengthening of finance and accounting supervision,this study examines the practice among listed companies of changing signing auditors at the last minute and explores whether Chine...Against the background of China’s strengthening of finance and accounting supervision,this study examines the practice among listed companies of changing signing auditors at the last minute and explores whether Chinese investors can capture this information in a timely manner.We find that China’s capital market responds significantly negatively to these last-minute changes,implying that investors perceive a potential negative impact of this behavior.Crosssectional analyses suggest that the characteristics of the change event,recent corporate events,and accounting firm capability significantly affect the stock price response.Furthermore,in terms of the individual characteristics of signing auditors,external investors appear to comprehensively consider busyness level,industry experience,and the timing of the change to determine the causes and effects of the auditor change and make different market reactions accordingly.In addition,consistent with investor perceptions,we find that last-minute changes significantly impair the quality of financial statements,indicating that external investors’judgments based on information about changes in signing auditors are rational and effective.展开更多
In the world,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the top 10 most prevalent malignancies.HCC formation has indeed been linked to numerous etiological factors,including alcohol usage,hepatitis viruses and liver cirrho...In the world,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the top 10 most prevalent malignancies.HCC formation has indeed been linked to numerous etiological factors,including alcohol usage,hepatitis viruses and liver cirrhosis.Among the most prevalent defects in a wide range of tumours,notably HCC,is the silencing of the p53 tumour suppressor gene.The control of the cell cycle and the preservation of gene function are both critically important functions of p53.In order to pinpoint the core mechanisms of HCC and find more efficient treatments,molecular research employing HCC tissues has been the main focus.Stimulated p53 triggers necessary reactions that achieve cell cycle arrest,genetic stability,DNA repair and the elimination of DNA-damaged cells’responses to biological stressors(like oncogenes or DNA damage).To the contrary hand,the oncogene protein of the murine double minute 2(MDM2)is a significant biological inhibitor of p53.MDM2 causes p53 protein degradation,which in turn adversely controls p53 function.Despite carrying wt-p53,the majority of HCCs show abnormalities in the p53-expressed apoptotic pathway.High p53 in-vivo expression might have two clinical impacts on HCC:(1)Increased levels of exogenous p53 protein cause tumour cells to undergo apoptosis by preventing cell growth through a number of biological pathways;and(2)Exogenous p53 makes HCC susceptible to various anticancer drugs.This review describes the functions and primary mechanisms of p53 in pathological mechanism,chemoresistance and therapeutic mechanisms of HCC.展开更多
AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six...AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6MWDs (P < 0.001). The longest distance walked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6MWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P < 0.01), hemoglobin (r = +0.373, P < 0.001) and albumin (r = +0.311, P < 0.001) levels. The Child-Pugh classification was negatively correlated with the 6MWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P < 0.01). At the end of a 12 mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6MWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6MWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6MWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6MWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Minute gastric cancers(MGCs)have a favorable prognosis,but they are too small to be detected by endoscopy,with a maximum diameter≤5 mm.AIM To explore endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for MGCs...BACKGROUND Minute gastric cancers(MGCs)have a favorable prognosis,but they are too small to be detected by endoscopy,with a maximum diameter≤5 mm.AIM To explore endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for MGCs.METHODS This was a real-world observational study.The endoscopic and clinicopathological parameters of 191 MGCs between January 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Endoscopic discoverable opportunity and typical neoplastic features were emphatically reviewed.RESULTS All MGCs in our study were of a single pathological type,97.38%(186/191)of which were differentiated-type tumors.White light endoscopy(WLE)detected 84.29%(161/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by WLE was protruding.Narrow-band imaging(NBI)secondary observation detected 14.14%(27/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by NBI was flat.Another three MGCs were detected by indigo carmine third observation.If a well-demarcated border lesion exhibited a typical neoplastic color,such as yellowish-red or whitish under WLE and brownish under NBI,MGCs should be diagnosed.The proportion with high diagnostic confidence by magnifying endoscopy with NBI(ME-NBI)was significantly higher than the proportion with low diagnostic confidence and the only visible groups(94.19%>56.92%>32.50%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION WLE combined with NBI and indigo carmine are helpful for detection of MGCs.A clear demarcation line combined with a typical neoplastic color using nonmagnifying observation is sufficient for diagnosis of MGCs.MENBI improves the endoscopic diagnostic confidence of MGCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Minute Pulmonary Meningothelial-like Nodules(MPMNs)are rare benign pulmonary nodules,which are more common in elderly women and have a higher detection rate in lung tissues of patients with lung malignant d...BACKGROUND Minute Pulmonary Meningothelial-like Nodules(MPMNs)are rare benign pulmonary nodules,which are more common in elderly women and have a higher detection rate in lung tissues of patients with lung malignant diseases.Its origin is not yet clear.At present,there are few reports on the diagnostic methods such as imaging and pathological manifestations of MPMNs.This article reports a 70-year-old female patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma combined with MPMNs and reviews of the relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old women was admitted to our institution with feeling sour in her back and occasional cough for more than 2 mo.Computerized electronic scanning scan and 3D reconstruction images in our institution showed there were multiple ground-glass nodules in both of her two lungs.The biggest one was in the apicoposterior segment of left upper lobe,about 2.5 mm×9 mm in size.We performed thoracoscopic resection of the left upper lung apicoposterior segment of the patient,and the final pathological report was minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.Re-examination of high resolution computed tomography 21 mo after surgery showed multiple ground-glass nodules in both lungs,and a new groundglass nodule was found in the superior segment of the right lower lobe.We took pathological biopsy of the right upper lung and right lower lung nodules for the patient under thoracoscopy.The histomorphology of the right lower lobe nodule showed multiple lesions in the lung tissue,and the small foci in the alveolar septum were distributed in mild form of the aggregation of short spindle cells.The immunohistochemistry showed that the lesion was epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)(+),somatostatin receptor 2a(SSTR2a)(+),S-100(-),chromogranin A(-),Syn(-),cytokeratin(-)and HMB-45(-).The final diagnosis was minimally invasive adenocarcinoma,accompanied by MPMNs.We recommend that patients continue to receive treatment after surgery and to do regular follow-up observations.CONCLUSION The imaging manifestations of MPMNs are atypical,histomo展开更多
Background Axillary lymph node metastasis is a very important metastatic pathway in breast cancer and its accurate detection is important for staging tumour and guiding therapy. However, neither the accuracy of routin...Background Axillary lymph node metastasis is a very important metastatic pathway in breast cancer and its accurate detection is important for staging tumour and guiding therapy. However, neither the accuracy of routine detection of lymph node in surgical specimens nor the significance of minute lymph node with metastases in breast cancer is clear. A modified method for conveniently detecting minute lymph node in specimens of axUlary dissections in patients with breast cancer was used to analyze their influence on staging breast cancer.Methods Lymph nodes in fresh, unfixed, specimens of axillary dissections from 127 cases of breast cancer were detected routinely. Then the axillary fatty tissues were cut into 1 cm thick pieces, soaked in Carnoy＇s solution for 6 to 12 hours, taken out and put on a glass plate. Minute lymph nodes were detected by light of bottom lamp and examined by routine pathology.Results Lymph nodes （n= 2483, 19.6±8.0 per case） were found by routine method. A further 879 lymph nodes up to 6 mm （781 〈 3 mm, 6.9±5.3 per case, increasing mean to 26.5±9.7） were found from the axillary tissues after soaking in Carnoy＇s solution. By detection of minute lymph nodes, the stages of lymph node metastasis in 7 cases were changed from pathological node （pN） stage pN0 to pN1 in 4 cases, from pN1 to pN2 in 2 and from pN2 to pN3 in 1.Conclusions The accurate staging of axillary lymph node metastasis can be obtained routinely with number of axillary lymph nodes in most cases of breast cancer. To avoid neglecting minute lymph nodes with metastases, small axillary nodes should be searched carefully in the cases of earlier breast cancer with no swollen axillary nodes. Treatment with Camoy＇s solution can expediently detect minute axillary nodes and improve the accurate staging of lymph nodes in breast cancer.展开更多
主题语境:急救篇幅:328词关键词:swollen,infected,miracle1Isn’t it incredible when a last-minute decision changes someone’s life in a major way?2On the day after the New Year,Allison Scott and her friend,Alfred Valdivi...主题语境:急救篇幅:328词关键词:swollen,infected,miracle1Isn’t it incredible when a last-minute decision changes someone’s life in a major way?2On the day after the New Year,Allison Scott and her friend,Alfred Valdivia,Jr.,made a last-minute decision to head up to Big Bear Lake in California for a camping trip.展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) on the p53-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, HepG2 cells were transfected by recombinant plasmids as pwtp53, pMDM2 and pSUMO-1 respectively. W...In order to investigate the effect of small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) on the p53-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, HepG2 cells were transfected by recombinant plasmids as pwtp53, pMDM2 and pSUMO-1 respectively. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of the transfected recombinant plasmids and the rate of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that in cells transfected with pwtp53 and pwtp53+pSUMO-1, the apoptosis rate was (16.79±1.62) % and (18.15±1.36) % respectively, while transfected with pwtp53+pMDM2, the rate was decreased to (5.17±1.23) %. The apoptosis rate was (14.06±1.84) % in the cells transfected with pwtp53+pMDM2+pSUMO-1, significantly higher than that in the cells Transfected with pwtp53+pMDM2 (P<0.01). The apoptosis rates in the cells were all less than 2 % and had no significant difference among the groups. It was suggested that in the HepG2 cells, SUMO-1 can increase the apoptosis induced by wild-type p53 through binding to p53 protein, post-translational modification and inhibiting the p53 degradation by MDM2.展开更多
Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating pathology,with significant physical,psychosocial,and financial burdens.Despite the severity of this disease,and our deepening understanding of the pathophysiology,we remain li...Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating pathology,with significant physical,psychosocial,and financial burdens.Despite the severity of this disease,and our deepening understanding of the pathophysiology,we remain limited in our treatment options.Recent well-publicized studies have focused on the benefit of early surgical decompression in this patient population,展开更多
Background：Dual sensor （DS） for rate adaption was supposed to be more physiological.To evaluate its superiority,the DS （accelerometer [ACC] and minute ventilation [MV]） and normal sinus rate response were compare...Background：Dual sensor （DS） for rate adaption was supposed to be more physiological.To evaluate its superiority,the DS （accelerometer [ACC] and minute ventilation [MV]） and normal sinus rate response were compared in a self-controlled way during exercise treadmill testing.Methods：This self-controlled study was performed in atrioventricular block patients with normal sinus function who met the indications of pacemaker implant.Twenty-one patients came to the 1-month follow-up visit.Patients performed a treadmill test 1-month post implant while programmed in DDDR and sensor passive mode.For these patients,sensor response factors were left at default settings （ACC =8,MV =3） and sensor indicated rates （SIRs） for DS,ACC and MV sensor were retrieved from the pacemaker memories,along with measured sinus node （SN） rates from the beginning to 1-minute after the end of the treadmill test,and compared among study groups.Repeated measures analysis of variance and profile analysis,as well as variance analysis of randomized block designs,were used for statistical analysis.Results：Fifteen patients （15/2 l） were determined to be chronotropically competent.The mean differences between DS SIRs and intrinsic sinus rates during treadmill testing were smaller than those for ACC and MV sensor （mean difference between SIR and SN rate：ACC vs.SN,MV vs.SN,DS vs.SN,respectively,34.84,17.60,16.15 beats/min）,though no sensors could mimic sinus rates under the default settings for sensor response factor （ACC vs.SN P-adjusted 〈 0.001; MV vs.SN P-adjusted =0.002; DS vs.SN P-adjusted =0.005）.However,both in the range of 1st minute and first 3 minutes of exercise,only the DS SIR profile did not differ from sinus rates （P-adjusted =0.09,0.90,respectively）.Conclusions：The DS under default settings provides more physiological rate response during physical activity than the corresponding single sensors （ACC or MV sensor）.Further study is needed to determine if individual optimization would further im展开更多
Oxymatrine(OMT), as the main active component of Sophoraflavescens, exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties,including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities, and currently is...Oxymatrine(OMT), as the main active component of Sophoraflavescens, exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties,including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities, and currently is extensively employed to treat viral hepatitis; however, its effects on parvovirus infection have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OMT on cell viability, virus DNA replication, viral gene expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis in Walter Reed canine cells/3873 D infected with minute virus of canines(MVC). OMT, at concentrations below 4 mmol/L(no cellular toxicity), was found to inhibit MVC DNA replication and reduce viral gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which was associated with the inhibition of cell cycle S-phase arrest in early-stage of MVC infection.Furthermore, OMT significantly increased cell viability, decreased MVC-infected cell apoptosis, and reduced the expression of activated caspase 3. Our results suggest that OMT has potential application in combating parvovirus infection.展开更多
The silkworm Bombyx mori is an important lepidopteran model insect in which many kinds of natural mutants have been identified.However,molecular mechanisms of most of these mutants remain to be explored.Here we report...The silkworm Bombyx mori is an important lepidopteran model insect in which many kinds of natural mutants have been identified.However,molecular mechanisms of most of these mutants remain to be explored.Here we report the identification of a gene Bm-app is responsible for the silkworm minute wing(mw)mutation which exhibits exceedingly small wings during pupal and adult stages.Compared with the wild type silkworm,relative messenger RNA expression of Bm-app is significantly decreased in the ul 1 mutant strain which shows mw phenotype.A 10 bp insertion in the putative promoter region of the Bm-app gene in mw mutant strain was identified and the dual luciferase assay revealed that this insertion decreased Bm-app promoter activity.Furthermore,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases-mediated depletion of the Bm-app induced similar wing defects which appeared in the mw mutant,demonstrating that Bm-app controls wing development in B.mori.Bm-app encodes a palmitoyltransferase and is responsible for the palmitoylation of selected cytoplasmic proteins,indicating that it is required for cell mitosis and growth during wing development.We also discuss the possibility that Bm-app regulates wing development through the Hippo signaling pathway in B.mori.展开更多
We describe a 45-year-old woman with minute signet ring cell carcinoma occurring in a gastric hyperplastic polyp. A biopsy specimen obtained from the gastric hyperplastic polyp revealed signet ring cell carcinoma. End...We describe a 45-year-old woman with minute signet ring cell carcinoma occurring in a gastric hyperplastic polyp. A biopsy specimen obtained from the gastric hyperplastic polyp revealed signet ring cell carcinoma. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Histological examination of the EMR specimen revealed focal signet ring cell carcinoma in the hyperplastic polyp. There are few cases of gastric hyperplastic polyp associated with signet ring cell carcinoma.展开更多
The cause–effect relationship between meso-γ-scale rotation and extreme short-term precipitation events remains elusive in mesoscale meteorological research.We aimed to elucidate this relationship by analyzing a rai...The cause–effect relationship between meso-γ-scale rotation and extreme short-term precipitation events remains elusive in mesoscale meteorological research.We aimed to elucidate this relationship by analyzing a rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta during the nocturnal hours of 15 May 2017 based on 6-min radar observations and 1-min rain gauge data.This rainstorm had a maximum hourly rainfall of 100.1 mm,with 26 stations recording hourly rainfall>60 mm h^(−1) in 5 h.Extreme heavy precipitation was produced in association with a convergence zone along the southern side of a synoptic low-level shear line,where southwesterly warm,humid airflows with precipitable water of>60 mm,little convection inhibition(<10 J kg^(−1)),and a low lifting condensation level(about 300 m)dominated.A meso-γ-scale vortex was quantitatively identified during the hour with the largest number of gauges observing extreme hourly rainfall.The vortex had a mean diameter of 6.1 km and a peak intensity of 3.1×10^(−3) s^(−1) during its lifetime of 54 min.The vortex initialized and remained inside the region of extreme rain rates(radar-retrieved rain rates>100 mm h^(−1)),reached its peak intensity after the peak of the collocated 6-min rainfall accumulation,and then weakened rapidly after the extreme rainfall region moved away.The radar-retrieved liquid water path was about five to seven times the ice water path and the specific differential phase(Kdp)below 0°C increased sharply downward during the lifetime of the vortex,suggesting the presence of active warm rain microphysical processes.These results indicate that the release of the latent heat of condensation induced by extreme rainfall could have contributed to the formation of the vortex in an environment with a weak 0–1-km vertical wind shear(about 4–5 m s^(−1))through enhanced lowlevel convergence,although the strengthening of low-level updrafts by rotational dynamic effects and short-term rainfall cannot be ruled out.展开更多
Ischemic preconditioning elicited by a non-fatal brief occlusion of blood flow has been applied for an experimental therapeutic strategy against a subsequent fatal ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the n...Ischemic preconditioning elicited by a non-fatal brief occlusion of blood flow has been applied for an experimental therapeutic strategy against a subsequent fatal ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning（2-minute transient cerebral ischemia） on calbindin D28k immunoreactivity in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area following a subsequent fatal transient ischemic insult（5-minute transient cerebral ischemia）. A large number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area died 4 days after 5-minute transient cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning reduced the death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. Calbindin D28k immunoreactivity was greatly attenuated at 2 days after 5-minute transient cerebral ischemia and it was hardly detected at 5 days post-ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning maintained calbindin D28 k immunoreactivity after transient cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that ischemic preconditioning can attenuate transient cerebral ischemia-caused damage to the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area through maintaining calbindin D28k immunoreactivity.展开更多
基金Supported by Clinical Research Cooperation Fund of the Capital Medical University,No.15JL67Project of Science and Technology Development Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,No.KM201610025021+2 种基金High-Tech Personnel Training Program of Beijing Health System,No.2015-3-104Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,No.Z151100004015066Shaanxi Science and Technology Coordination and Innovation Project,No.2016KTZDSF02-02
文摘AIM To determine the prevalence and diagnostic value of autoantibodies inα-fetoprotein(AFP)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Fifty-six serum samples from AFP-negative HCC cases,86 from AFP-positive HCC cases,168 from chronic liver disease cases,and 59 from normal human controls were included in this study.Autoantibodies to nucleophosmin(NPM)1,14-3-3zeta and mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)proteins in AFP-negative HCC serum were evaluated by enzymelinked im munosorbent assay.Partially positive sera were further evaluated by western blotting.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of three tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)in AFP-negative HCC and normal control tissues.RESULTS The frequency of autoantibodies to the three TAAs in AFP-negative HCC sera was 21.4%,19.6%and 19.6%,which was significantly higher than in the chronic liver disease cases and normal human controls(P<0.01)as well as AFP-positive HCC cases.The sensitivity of the three autoantibodies for diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC ranged from 19.6%to 21.4%,and the specificity was approximately 95%.When the three autoantibodies were combined,the sensitivity reached 30.4%and the specificity reached 91.6%.CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to NPM1,14-3-3zeta and MDM2 may be useful biomarkers for immunodiagnosis of AFP-negative HCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373748,81171659,11574156 and 81403136a grant from the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province in China No.BRA2014341a grant from the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Project in China,No.BE2010769
文摘Electroacupuncture（EA） has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions,but whether the neuroprotective effect of EA against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion（I/R） injury involves modulation of the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2（ERK1/2） signaling pathway is unclear.Middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours.A 30-minute period of EA stimulation was applied to both Baihui（DU20） and Dazhui（DU14） acupoints in each rat（10 mm EA penetration depth,continuous wave with a frequency of 3 Hz,and a current intensity of 1–3 m A） when reperfusion was initiated.EA significantly reduced infarct volume,alleviated neuronal injury,and improved neurological function in rats with MCAO.Furthermore,high m RNA expression of Bax and low m RNA expression of Bcl-2 induced by MCAO was prevented by EA.EA substantially restored total glutathione reductase（GR）,glutathione（GSH） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） levels.Additionally,Nrf2 and glutamylcysteine synthetase（GCS） expression levels were markedly increased by EA.Interestingly,the neuroprotective effects of EA were attenuated when ERK1/2 activity was blocked by PD98059（a specific MEK inhibitor）.Collectively,our findings indicate that activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotective effects of EA.Our study provides a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of EA.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on an article by Ruan et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Case.Pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions,including primary pulmonary meningiomas,minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules,and metastatic pulmonary meningiomas are rare pulmonary lesions.These lesions are difficult to differentiate from lung cancers based on clinical and imaging manifestations.Herein,we briefly introduce the clinical,imaging,and pathological characteristics of these lesions and discuss their pathogenesis to strengthen the current understanding of pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions in clinical diagnosis and therapy.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72362023 and No.72062020)Social Science Foundation for Youth of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.23GL31)Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics“Class A”Discipline Innovation Team(Capital Market Financial Behavior Innovation Team).
文摘Against the background of China’s strengthening of finance and accounting supervision,this study examines the practice among listed companies of changing signing auditors at the last minute and explores whether Chinese investors can capture this information in a timely manner.We find that China’s capital market responds significantly negatively to these last-minute changes,implying that investors perceive a potential negative impact of this behavior.Crosssectional analyses suggest that the characteristics of the change event,recent corporate events,and accounting firm capability significantly affect the stock price response.Furthermore,in terms of the individual characteristics of signing auditors,external investors appear to comprehensively consider busyness level,industry experience,and the timing of the change to determine the causes and effects of the auditor change and make different market reactions accordingly.In addition,consistent with investor perceptions,we find that last-minute changes significantly impair the quality of financial statements,indicating that external investors’judgments based on information about changes in signing auditors are rational and effective.
文摘In the world,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the top 10 most prevalent malignancies.HCC formation has indeed been linked to numerous etiological factors,including alcohol usage,hepatitis viruses and liver cirrhosis.Among the most prevalent defects in a wide range of tumours,notably HCC,is the silencing of the p53 tumour suppressor gene.The control of the cell cycle and the preservation of gene function are both critically important functions of p53.In order to pinpoint the core mechanisms of HCC and find more efficient treatments,molecular research employing HCC tissues has been the main focus.Stimulated p53 triggers necessary reactions that achieve cell cycle arrest,genetic stability,DNA repair and the elimination of DNA-damaged cells’responses to biological stressors(like oncogenes or DNA damage).To the contrary hand,the oncogene protein of the murine double minute 2(MDM2)is a significant biological inhibitor of p53.MDM2 causes p53 protein degradation,which in turn adversely controls p53 function.Despite carrying wt-p53,the majority of HCCs show abnormalities in the p53-expressed apoptotic pathway.High p53 in-vivo expression might have two clinical impacts on HCC:(1)Increased levels of exogenous p53 protein cause tumour cells to undergo apoptosis by preventing cell growth through a number of biological pathways;and(2)Exogenous p53 makes HCC susceptible to various anticancer drugs.This review describes the functions and primary mechanisms of p53 in pathological mechanism,chemoresistance and therapeutic mechanisms of HCC.
文摘AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6MWDs (P < 0.001). The longest distance walked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6MWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P < 0.01), hemoglobin (r = +0.373, P < 0.001) and albumin (r = +0.311, P < 0.001) levels. The Child-Pugh classification was negatively correlated with the 6MWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P < 0.01). At the end of a 12 mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6MWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6MWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6MWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6MWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation Committee of China,No 81372348and Clinical Research Fund Project of Zhejiang Medical Association,No 2020ZYC-A10.
文摘BACKGROUND Minute gastric cancers(MGCs)have a favorable prognosis,but they are too small to be detected by endoscopy,with a maximum diameter≤5 mm.AIM To explore endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for MGCs.METHODS This was a real-world observational study.The endoscopic and clinicopathological parameters of 191 MGCs between January 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Endoscopic discoverable opportunity and typical neoplastic features were emphatically reviewed.RESULTS All MGCs in our study were of a single pathological type,97.38%(186/191)of which were differentiated-type tumors.White light endoscopy(WLE)detected 84.29%(161/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by WLE was protruding.Narrow-band imaging(NBI)secondary observation detected 14.14%(27/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by NBI was flat.Another three MGCs were detected by indigo carmine third observation.If a well-demarcated border lesion exhibited a typical neoplastic color,such as yellowish-red or whitish under WLE and brownish under NBI,MGCs should be diagnosed.The proportion with high diagnostic confidence by magnifying endoscopy with NBI(ME-NBI)was significantly higher than the proportion with low diagnostic confidence and the only visible groups(94.19%>56.92%>32.50%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION WLE combined with NBI and indigo carmine are helpful for detection of MGCs.A clear demarcation line combined with a typical neoplastic color using nonmagnifying observation is sufficient for diagnosis of MGCs.MENBI improves the endoscopic diagnostic confidence of MGCs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972829.
文摘BACKGROUND Minute Pulmonary Meningothelial-like Nodules(MPMNs)are rare benign pulmonary nodules,which are more common in elderly women and have a higher detection rate in lung tissues of patients with lung malignant diseases.Its origin is not yet clear.At present,there are few reports on the diagnostic methods such as imaging and pathological manifestations of MPMNs.This article reports a 70-year-old female patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma combined with MPMNs and reviews of the relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old women was admitted to our institution with feeling sour in her back and occasional cough for more than 2 mo.Computerized electronic scanning scan and 3D reconstruction images in our institution showed there were multiple ground-glass nodules in both of her two lungs.The biggest one was in the apicoposterior segment of left upper lobe,about 2.5 mm×9 mm in size.We performed thoracoscopic resection of the left upper lung apicoposterior segment of the patient,and the final pathological report was minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.Re-examination of high resolution computed tomography 21 mo after surgery showed multiple ground-glass nodules in both lungs,and a new groundglass nodule was found in the superior segment of the right lower lobe.We took pathological biopsy of the right upper lung and right lower lung nodules for the patient under thoracoscopy.The histomorphology of the right lower lobe nodule showed multiple lesions in the lung tissue,and the small foci in the alveolar septum were distributed in mild form of the aggregation of short spindle cells.The immunohistochemistry showed that the lesion was epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)(+),somatostatin receptor 2a(SSTR2a)(+),S-100(-),chromogranin A(-),Syn(-),cytokeratin(-)and HMB-45(-).The final diagnosis was minimally invasive adenocarcinoma,accompanied by MPMNs.We recommend that patients continue to receive treatment after surgery and to do regular follow-up observations.CONCLUSION The imaging manifestations of MPMNs are atypical,histomo
文摘Background Axillary lymph node metastasis is a very important metastatic pathway in breast cancer and its accurate detection is important for staging tumour and guiding therapy. However, neither the accuracy of routine detection of lymph node in surgical specimens nor the significance of minute lymph node with metastases in breast cancer is clear. A modified method for conveniently detecting minute lymph node in specimens of axUlary dissections in patients with breast cancer was used to analyze their influence on staging breast cancer.Methods Lymph nodes in fresh, unfixed, specimens of axillary dissections from 127 cases of breast cancer were detected routinely. Then the axillary fatty tissues were cut into 1 cm thick pieces, soaked in Carnoy＇s solution for 6 to 12 hours, taken out and put on a glass plate. Minute lymph nodes were detected by light of bottom lamp and examined by routine pathology.Results Lymph nodes （n= 2483, 19.6±8.0 per case） were found by routine method. A further 879 lymph nodes up to 6 mm （781 〈 3 mm, 6.9±5.3 per case, increasing mean to 26.5±9.7） were found from the axillary tissues after soaking in Carnoy＇s solution. By detection of minute lymph nodes, the stages of lymph node metastasis in 7 cases were changed from pathological node （pN） stage pN0 to pN1 in 4 cases, from pN1 to pN2 in 2 and from pN2 to pN3 in 1.Conclusions The accurate staging of axillary lymph node metastasis can be obtained routinely with number of axillary lymph nodes in most cases of breast cancer. To avoid neglecting minute lymph nodes with metastases, small axillary nodes should be searched carefully in the cases of earlier breast cancer with no swollen axillary nodes. Treatment with Camoy＇s solution can expediently detect minute axillary nodes and improve the accurate staging of lymph nodes in breast cancer.
文摘主题语境:急救篇幅:328词关键词:swollen,infected,miracle1Isn’t it incredible when a last-minute decision changes someone’s life in a major way?2On the day after the New Year,Allison Scott and her friend,Alfred Valdivia,Jr.,made a last-minute decision to head up to Big Bear Lake in California for a camping trip.
文摘In order to investigate the effect of small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) on the p53-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, HepG2 cells were transfected by recombinant plasmids as pwtp53, pMDM2 and pSUMO-1 respectively. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of the transfected recombinant plasmids and the rate of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that in cells transfected with pwtp53 and pwtp53+pSUMO-1, the apoptosis rate was (16.79±1.62) % and (18.15±1.36) % respectively, while transfected with pwtp53+pMDM2, the rate was decreased to (5.17±1.23) %. The apoptosis rate was (14.06±1.84) % in the cells transfected with pwtp53+pMDM2+pSUMO-1, significantly higher than that in the cells Transfected with pwtp53+pMDM2 (P<0.01). The apoptosis rates in the cells were all less than 2 % and had no significant difference among the groups. It was suggested that in the HepG2 cells, SUMO-1 can increase the apoptosis induced by wild-type p53 through binding to p53 protein, post-translational modification and inhibiting the p53 degradation by MDM2.
文摘Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating pathology,with significant physical,psychosocial,and financial burdens.Despite the severity of this disease,and our deepening understanding of the pathophysiology,we remain limited in our treatment options.Recent well-publicized studies have focused on the benefit of early surgical decompression in this patient population,
文摘Background：Dual sensor （DS） for rate adaption was supposed to be more physiological.To evaluate its superiority,the DS （accelerometer [ACC] and minute ventilation [MV]） and normal sinus rate response were compared in a self-controlled way during exercise treadmill testing.Methods：This self-controlled study was performed in atrioventricular block patients with normal sinus function who met the indications of pacemaker implant.Twenty-one patients came to the 1-month follow-up visit.Patients performed a treadmill test 1-month post implant while programmed in DDDR and sensor passive mode.For these patients,sensor response factors were left at default settings （ACC =8,MV =3） and sensor indicated rates （SIRs） for DS,ACC and MV sensor were retrieved from the pacemaker memories,along with measured sinus node （SN） rates from the beginning to 1-minute after the end of the treadmill test,and compared among study groups.Repeated measures analysis of variance and profile analysis,as well as variance analysis of randomized block designs,were used for statistical analysis.Results：Fifteen patients （15/2 l） were determined to be chronotropically competent.The mean differences between DS SIRs and intrinsic sinus rates during treadmill testing were smaller than those for ACC and MV sensor （mean difference between SIR and SN rate：ACC vs.SN,MV vs.SN,DS vs.SN,respectively,34.84,17.60,16.15 beats/min）,though no sensors could mimic sinus rates under the default settings for sensor response factor （ACC vs.SN P-adjusted 〈 0.001; MV vs.SN P-adjusted =0.002; DS vs.SN P-adjusted =0.005）.However,both in the range of 1st minute and first 3 minutes of exercise,only the DS SIR profile did not differ from sinus rates （P-adjusted =0.09,0.90,respectively）.Conclusions：The DS under default settings provides more physiological rate response during physical activity than the corresponding single sensors （ACC or MV sensor）.Further study is needed to determine if individual optimization would further im
基金funded by the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (31760041) to YSthe West China first-class Disciplines Basic Medical Sciences at Ningxia Medical University (No. NXYLXK2017B07)Innovative Training Program for College Students (201510752010) to NL
文摘Oxymatrine(OMT), as the main active component of Sophoraflavescens, exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties,including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities, and currently is extensively employed to treat viral hepatitis; however, its effects on parvovirus infection have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OMT on cell viability, virus DNA replication, viral gene expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis in Walter Reed canine cells/3873 D infected with minute virus of canines(MVC). OMT, at concentrations below 4 mmol/L(no cellular toxicity), was found to inhibit MVC DNA replication and reduce viral gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which was associated with the inhibition of cell cycle S-phase arrest in early-stage of MVC infection.Furthermore, OMT significantly increased cell viability, decreased MVC-infected cell apoptosis, and reduced the expression of activated caspase 3. Our results suggest that OMT has potential application in combating parvovirus infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572320)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX17」827)Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16A0618).
文摘The silkworm Bombyx mori is an important lepidopteran model insect in which many kinds of natural mutants have been identified.However,molecular mechanisms of most of these mutants remain to be explored.Here we report the identification of a gene Bm-app is responsible for the silkworm minute wing(mw)mutation which exhibits exceedingly small wings during pupal and adult stages.Compared with the wild type silkworm,relative messenger RNA expression of Bm-app is significantly decreased in the ul 1 mutant strain which shows mw phenotype.A 10 bp insertion in the putative promoter region of the Bm-app gene in mw mutant strain was identified and the dual luciferase assay revealed that this insertion decreased Bm-app promoter activity.Furthermore,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases-mediated depletion of the Bm-app induced similar wing defects which appeared in the mw mutant,demonstrating that Bm-app controls wing development in B.mori.Bm-app encodes a palmitoyltransferase and is responsible for the palmitoylation of selected cytoplasmic proteins,indicating that it is required for cell mitosis and growth during wing development.We also discuss the possibility that Bm-app regulates wing development through the Hippo signaling pathway in B.mori.
文摘We describe a 45-year-old woman with minute signet ring cell carcinoma occurring in a gastric hyperplastic polyp. A biopsy specimen obtained from the gastric hyperplastic polyp revealed signet ring cell carcinoma. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Histological examination of the EMR specimen revealed focal signet ring cell carcinoma in the hyperplastic polyp. There are few cases of gastric hyperplastic polyp associated with signet ring cell carcinoma.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030610)National Key Research and Development Program of China for Intergovernmental Cooperation(2019YFE0110100).
文摘The cause–effect relationship between meso-γ-scale rotation and extreme short-term precipitation events remains elusive in mesoscale meteorological research.We aimed to elucidate this relationship by analyzing a rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta during the nocturnal hours of 15 May 2017 based on 6-min radar observations and 1-min rain gauge data.This rainstorm had a maximum hourly rainfall of 100.1 mm,with 26 stations recording hourly rainfall>60 mm h^(−1) in 5 h.Extreme heavy precipitation was produced in association with a convergence zone along the southern side of a synoptic low-level shear line,where southwesterly warm,humid airflows with precipitable water of>60 mm,little convection inhibition(<10 J kg^(−1)),and a low lifting condensation level(about 300 m)dominated.A meso-γ-scale vortex was quantitatively identified during the hour with the largest number of gauges observing extreme hourly rainfall.The vortex had a mean diameter of 6.1 km and a peak intensity of 3.1×10^(−3) s^(−1) during its lifetime of 54 min.The vortex initialized and remained inside the region of extreme rain rates(radar-retrieved rain rates>100 mm h^(−1)),reached its peak intensity after the peak of the collocated 6-min rainfall accumulation,and then weakened rapidly after the extreme rainfall region moved away.The radar-retrieved liquid water path was about five to seven times the ice water path and the specific differential phase(Kdp)below 0°C increased sharply downward during the lifetime of the vortex,suggesting the presence of active warm rain microphysical processes.These results indicate that the release of the latent heat of condensation induced by extreme rainfall could have contributed to the formation of the vortex in an environment with a weak 0–1-km vertical wind shear(about 4–5 m s^(−1))through enhanced lowlevel convergence,although the strengthening of low-level updrafts by rotational dynamic effects and short-term rainfall cannot be ruled out.
基金supported by Hallym University Research Fund,2016(HRF-201605-012)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2016R1A6A3A01011698)
文摘Ischemic preconditioning elicited by a non-fatal brief occlusion of blood flow has been applied for an experimental therapeutic strategy against a subsequent fatal ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning（2-minute transient cerebral ischemia） on calbindin D28k immunoreactivity in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area following a subsequent fatal transient ischemic insult（5-minute transient cerebral ischemia）. A large number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area died 4 days after 5-minute transient cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning reduced the death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. Calbindin D28k immunoreactivity was greatly attenuated at 2 days after 5-minute transient cerebral ischemia and it was hardly detected at 5 days post-ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning maintained calbindin D28 k immunoreactivity after transient cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that ischemic preconditioning can attenuate transient cerebral ischemia-caused damage to the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area through maintaining calbindin D28k immunoreactivity.
