Objective To review the presentation, diagnosis, staging and treatment of thymoma. Data sources Data were obtained from papers on thymoma published in English within the last 30 years. No formal systematic review was ...Objective To review the presentation, diagnosis, staging and treatment of thymoma. Data sources Data were obtained from papers on thymoma published in English within the last 30 years. No formal systematic review was conducted, but an effort was made to be comprehensive. Study selection Studies were selected if they contained data relevant to the topic addressed in the particular section. In particular, standards adopted by the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group through a formal process of achieving worldwide consensus are featured. Because of the limited length of this article, we have frequently referenced recent reviews that contain a comprehensive amalgamation of literature rather than the actual source papers. Results Thymomas are rare malignant tumors. They account for about half （47%） of anterior mediastinal tumors. About one third of these are associated with myasthenia gravis. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast is the standard diagnostic modality. Thymomas appear as round or oval masses in early stages but irregular shapes with calcifications occurring in later stages. They can invade surrounding structures including mediastinal fat, pleura, major blood vessels and nerves. Fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy or open biopsy is used to obtain tissue diagnosis. Masaoka-Koga classification is currently used to stage thymomas. All thymomas should be considered for resection due to their malignant potential. A complete resection is a major prognostic factor and every effort should be made to achieve this even if this means resection and reconstruction of a major thoracic structure. Median sternotomy is the standard approach for thymoma resection. A number of minimally invasive techniques are used in selective centers. While stage I and II tumors undergo primary surgery, preoperative chemotherapy appears to increase the chances of complete resection for stage III and IVa tumors. Postoperative radiation could be considered for patients with residual disease. Excellent 5 and 10展开更多
目的:观察子宫纵隔冷刀手术与电切手术术后宫腔创面的愈合过程,探讨不同手术方式对子宫内膜的影响。方法:选择2015年1月—2016年12月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院宫腔镜中心就诊的不全子宫纵隔患者60例,随机分为宫腔镜下冷刀组(30例)和...目的:观察子宫纵隔冷刀手术与电切手术术后宫腔创面的愈合过程,探讨不同手术方式对子宫内膜的影响。方法:选择2015年1月—2016年12月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院宫腔镜中心就诊的不全子宫纵隔患者60例,随机分为宫腔镜下冷刀组(30例)和电切组(30例),记录一般资料及术中情况,包括手术时间、出血量、并发症等。分别于术后1和2个月行宫腔镜检查,观察和比较2组宫腔创面的子宫内膜上皮化过程、宫腔粘连、残隔等情况。结果:冷刀组的手术时间比电切组更短,差异有统计学意义[(13.90±3.95)min vs.(23.13±5.15)min,P=0.00],冷刀组与电切组出血量比较差异无统计学意义[(8.67±2.25)m L vs.(8.83±2.15)m L,P=0.77]。2组术中均未发生并发症,术后均未发现残隔或宫腔粘连。术后1个月,冷刀组较电切组内膜上皮不满意者更少,差异有统计学意义[16.67%(5/30)vs.93.33%(28/30),P=0.00];术后2个月2组宫腔创面内膜上皮化均良好,无不满意情况发生。2组均未发现宫腔粘连及残隔。结论:子宫纵隔切除术后1个月冷刀组子宫内膜上皮化过程更快,术后2个月2组创面全部愈合。展开更多
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has developed very rapidly in these two decades, and has replaced conven-tional open thoracotomy as a standard procedure for some simple thoracic operations as well as an option ...Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has developed very rapidly in these two decades, and has replaced conven-tional open thoracotomy as a standard procedure for some simple thoracic operations as well as an option or a complementary procedure for some other more complex operations. In this paper we will review its development history, the present status and the future perspectives.展开更多
文摘Objective To review the presentation, diagnosis, staging and treatment of thymoma. Data sources Data were obtained from papers on thymoma published in English within the last 30 years. No formal systematic review was conducted, but an effort was made to be comprehensive. Study selection Studies were selected if they contained data relevant to the topic addressed in the particular section. In particular, standards adopted by the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group through a formal process of achieving worldwide consensus are featured. Because of the limited length of this article, we have frequently referenced recent reviews that contain a comprehensive amalgamation of literature rather than the actual source papers. Results Thymomas are rare malignant tumors. They account for about half （47%） of anterior mediastinal tumors. About one third of these are associated with myasthenia gravis. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast is the standard diagnostic modality. Thymomas appear as round or oval masses in early stages but irregular shapes with calcifications occurring in later stages. They can invade surrounding structures including mediastinal fat, pleura, major blood vessels and nerves. Fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy or open biopsy is used to obtain tissue diagnosis. Masaoka-Koga classification is currently used to stage thymomas. All thymomas should be considered for resection due to their malignant potential. A complete resection is a major prognostic factor and every effort should be made to achieve this even if this means resection and reconstruction of a major thoracic structure. Median sternotomy is the standard approach for thymoma resection. A number of minimally invasive techniques are used in selective centers. While stage I and II tumors undergo primary surgery, preoperative chemotherapy appears to increase the chances of complete resection for stage III and IVa tumors. Postoperative radiation could be considered for patients with residual disease. Excellent 5 and 10
文摘目的:观察子宫纵隔冷刀手术与电切手术术后宫腔创面的愈合过程,探讨不同手术方式对子宫内膜的影响。方法:选择2015年1月—2016年12月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院宫腔镜中心就诊的不全子宫纵隔患者60例,随机分为宫腔镜下冷刀组(30例)和电切组(30例),记录一般资料及术中情况,包括手术时间、出血量、并发症等。分别于术后1和2个月行宫腔镜检查,观察和比较2组宫腔创面的子宫内膜上皮化过程、宫腔粘连、残隔等情况。结果:冷刀组的手术时间比电切组更短,差异有统计学意义[(13.90±3.95)min vs.(23.13±5.15)min,P=0.00],冷刀组与电切组出血量比较差异无统计学意义[(8.67±2.25)m L vs.(8.83±2.15)m L,P=0.77]。2组术中均未发生并发症,术后均未发现残隔或宫腔粘连。术后1个月,冷刀组较电切组内膜上皮不满意者更少,差异有统计学意义[16.67%(5/30)vs.93.33%(28/30),P=0.00];术后2个月2组宫腔创面内膜上皮化均良好,无不满意情况发生。2组均未发现宫腔粘连及残隔。结论:子宫纵隔切除术后1个月冷刀组子宫内膜上皮化过程更快,术后2个月2组创面全部愈合。
文摘Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has developed very rapidly in these two decades, and has replaced conven-tional open thoracotomy as a standard procedure for some simple thoracic operations as well as an option or a complementary procedure for some other more complex operations. In this paper we will review its development history, the present status and the future perspectives.
