开展地质历史时期滑坡的年代学研究,是正确认识重大滑坡灾害历史发育过程、现状与未来发展趋势的重要基础之一.论文以三峡库区巴东县黄土坡滑坡为研究对象,在资料收集和野外调查基础上,在黄土坡滑坡临江I号滑坡体3#支洞滑坡带上采集4个...开展地质历史时期滑坡的年代学研究,是正确认识重大滑坡灾害历史发育过程、现状与未来发展趋势的重要基础之一.论文以三峡库区巴东县黄土坡滑坡为研究对象,在资料收集和野外调查基础上,在黄土坡滑坡临江I号滑坡体3#支洞滑坡带上采集4个方解石晶体样品,并开展了MC-ICPMS230Th年代学分析.黄土坡滑坡3#支洞次生方解石的U含量变化在30.9×10^-9 ～45.6×10^-9 g/g之间,234U/238U比值波动在1.362～2.673范围,基本能满足高精度U-Th测年的要求.4个样品碎屑Th校正230Th年龄分别为155.2±18.6 ka B.P.、134.6±5.6 ka B.P.、70.9±8.5 ka B.P.和103.3±18.2 kaB.P..年代结果表明,三峡黄土坡Ⅰ号临江滑坡体的滑动时代在155.2～70.9 ka之间.这些年龄数据虽然具有较大的误差,但年龄存在明显差异,可能反映了不同滑坡期次,印证了黄土坡滑坡滑坡体的多期次性,是一个发生频率高、多个崩滑堆积体和滑坡组成的特大型复合滑坡.定年结果与野外调查以及前人的研究结果一致,表明挑选滑坡体滑带纯净的次生方解石进行U-Th测年是研究大型滑坡年代学的一种有效手段.最后,将黄土坡滑坡年代期次与长江三峡及邻区新构造运动、地貌过程、气候变化和其他滑坡活动期进行对比分析,发现三峡库区黄土坡滑坡在新构造快速抬升时期广泛发育,并与暖湿多雨期相对应,表明黄土坡滑坡的发育演化受到新构造运动和气候变化耦合作用的控制.展开更多
Genetically-engineered CHO cell lines, rβ- 13 and CLF-8B2, were cultivated with the MC- 1 microcarrier culture system. The cell density could be enhanced by increasing the concentration of microcarrier. At a microcar...Genetically-engineered CHO cell lines, rβ- 13 and CLF-8B2, were cultivated with the MC- 1 microcarrier culture system. The cell density could be enhanced by increasing the concentration of microcarrier. At a microcarrier concentration of 10 mg/ml. the cell density could reach 4 to 5 × 106 cells/ml. It was shown that these cell lines would spontaneously release from the microcarrier to attach to and proliferate on fresh microcarriers. We were thus able to scale up cultivation using a simple method. i. e. by adding fresh microcarriers and medium directly into the culture system to about 2, 4 or 8 times the original volume. Using a perfusion culture system. we have successfully cultivated CLF-8B2 cells in a 2 L bioreactor for several weeks at medium perfusion rates of 0. 5 to 3working volumes. Prourokinase was stably secreted.展开更多
The composite microbial system of MC1 was used to degrade corn stalk in order to determine properties of the degraded products as well as bacterial composition of MC1. Results indicated that the pH of the fermentation...The composite microbial system of MC1 was used to degrade corn stalk in order to determine properties of the degraded products as well as bacterial composition of MC1. Results indicated that the pH of the fermentation broth was typical of lignocellulose degradation by MC1, decreasing in the early phase and increasing in later stages of the degradation. The microbial biomass peaked on the day 3 after degradation. The MC1 efficiently degraded the corn stalk by nearly 70% during which its cellulose content decreased by 71.2%, hemicellulose by 76.5% and lignin by 24.6%. The content of water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） in the fermentation broth increased progressively during the first three days, and decreased thereafter, suggesting an accumulation of WSC in the early phase of the degradation process. Total levels of various volatile products peaked in the third day after degradation, and 7 types of volatile products were detected in the fermentation broth. These were ethanol, acetic acid, 1,2-ethanediol, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3- methyl-butanoic acid and glycerine. Six major compounds were quantitatively analysed and the contents of each compound were ethanol （0.584 g/L）, acetic acid （0.735 g/L）, 1,2-ethanediol （0.772 g/L）, propanoic acid （0.026 g/L）, butanoic acid （0.018 g/L） and glycerine （4.203 g/L）. Characterization of bacterial cells collected from the culture solution, based on 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis of DNAs, showed that the composition of bacterial community in MC1 coincided basically with observations from previous studies. This indicated that the structure of MC1 is very stable during degradation of different lignocellulose materials.展开更多
The process of the rice straw degradation in the fermentor with aeration at 290 ml/h was studied. The results of dissolved oxygen （DO） indicated that the optimum DO during cellulose degradation by microbial communit...The process of the rice straw degradation in the fermentor with aeration at 290 ml/h was studied. The results of dissolved oxygen （DO） indicated that the optimum DO during cellulose degradation by microbial community MC1 ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 mg/L. The change model ofpH values was as follows： irrespective of the initial pH of the medium, pH values decreased rapidly to approximate 6.0 after being inoculated within 48 h when cellulose was strongly degraded, and then increased slowly to 8.0--9.0 until cellulose was degraded completely. During the degradation process, 15 kinds of organic compounds were checked out by GC-MS. Most of them were organic acids. Quantity analysis was carried out, and the maximum content compound was ethyl acetate which reached 13.56 g/L on the day 4. The cellulose degradation quantity and ratio analyses showed that less quantity （under batch fermentation conditions） and longer interval （under semi-fermentation conditions） of rice straw added to fermentation system were contributed to matching the change model of pH, and increasing the quantity and ratio of rice straw degradation during cellulose degrading process. The highest degradation ratio was observed under the condition office straw added one time every five days （under semi-fermentation conditions）.展开更多
文摘开展地质历史时期滑坡的年代学研究,是正确认识重大滑坡灾害历史发育过程、现状与未来发展趋势的重要基础之一.论文以三峡库区巴东县黄土坡滑坡为研究对象,在资料收集和野外调查基础上,在黄土坡滑坡临江I号滑坡体3#支洞滑坡带上采集4个方解石晶体样品,并开展了MC-ICPMS230Th年代学分析.黄土坡滑坡3#支洞次生方解石的U含量变化在30.9×10^-9 ～45.6×10^-9 g/g之间,234U/238U比值波动在1.362～2.673范围,基本能满足高精度U-Th测年的要求.4个样品碎屑Th校正230Th年龄分别为155.2±18.6 ka B.P.、134.6±5.6 ka B.P.、70.9±8.5 ka B.P.和103.3±18.2 kaB.P..年代结果表明,三峡黄土坡Ⅰ号临江滑坡体的滑动时代在155.2～70.9 ka之间.这些年龄数据虽然具有较大的误差,但年龄存在明显差异,可能反映了不同滑坡期次,印证了黄土坡滑坡滑坡体的多期次性,是一个发生频率高、多个崩滑堆积体和滑坡组成的特大型复合滑坡.定年结果与野外调查以及前人的研究结果一致,表明挑选滑坡体滑带纯净的次生方解石进行U-Th测年是研究大型滑坡年代学的一种有效手段.最后,将黄土坡滑坡年代期次与长江三峡及邻区新构造运动、地貌过程、气候变化和其他滑坡活动期进行对比分析,发现三峡库区黄土坡滑坡在新构造快速抬升时期广泛发育,并与暖湿多雨期相对应,表明黄土坡滑坡的发育演化受到新构造运动和气候变化耦合作用的控制.
文摘Genetically-engineered CHO cell lines, rβ- 13 and CLF-8B2, were cultivated with the MC- 1 microcarrier culture system. The cell density could be enhanced by increasing the concentration of microcarrier. At a microcarrier concentration of 10 mg/ml. the cell density could reach 4 to 5 × 106 cells/ml. It was shown that these cell lines would spontaneously release from the microcarrier to attach to and proliferate on fresh microcarriers. We were thus able to scale up cultivation using a simple method. i. e. by adding fresh microcarriers and medium directly into the culture system to about 2, 4 or 8 times the original volume. Using a perfusion culture system. we have successfully cultivated CLF-8B2 cells in a 2 L bioreactor for several weeks at medium perfusion rates of 0. 5 to 3working volumes. Prourokinase was stably secreted.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30571088)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAD07A01,2006BAD25B04).
文摘The composite microbial system of MC1 was used to degrade corn stalk in order to determine properties of the degraded products as well as bacterial composition of MC1. Results indicated that the pH of the fermentation broth was typical of lignocellulose degradation by MC1, decreasing in the early phase and increasing in later stages of the degradation. The microbial biomass peaked on the day 3 after degradation. The MC1 efficiently degraded the corn stalk by nearly 70% during which its cellulose content decreased by 71.2%, hemicellulose by 76.5% and lignin by 24.6%. The content of water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） in the fermentation broth increased progressively during the first three days, and decreased thereafter, suggesting an accumulation of WSC in the early phase of the degradation process. Total levels of various volatile products peaked in the third day after degradation, and 7 types of volatile products were detected in the fermentation broth. These were ethanol, acetic acid, 1,2-ethanediol, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3- methyl-butanoic acid and glycerine. Six major compounds were quantitatively analysed and the contents of each compound were ethanol （0.584 g/L）, acetic acid （0.735 g/L）, 1,2-ethanediol （0.772 g/L）, propanoic acid （0.026 g/L）, butanoic acid （0.018 g/L） and glycerine （4.203 g/L）. Characterization of bacterial cells collected from the culture solution, based on 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis of DNAs, showed that the composition of bacterial community in MC1 coincided basically with observations from previous studies. This indicated that the structure of MC1 is very stable during degradation of different lignocellulose materials.
基金The Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2002AA245031) the National Key Project of the"10thFive-Year"Program of China (No. 2002BA516A03)
文摘The process of the rice straw degradation in the fermentor with aeration at 290 ml/h was studied. The results of dissolved oxygen （DO） indicated that the optimum DO during cellulose degradation by microbial community MC1 ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 mg/L. The change model ofpH values was as follows： irrespective of the initial pH of the medium, pH values decreased rapidly to approximate 6.0 after being inoculated within 48 h when cellulose was strongly degraded, and then increased slowly to 8.0--9.0 until cellulose was degraded completely. During the degradation process, 15 kinds of organic compounds were checked out by GC-MS. Most of them were organic acids. Quantity analysis was carried out, and the maximum content compound was ethyl acetate which reached 13.56 g/L on the day 4. The cellulose degradation quantity and ratio analyses showed that less quantity （under batch fermentation conditions） and longer interval （under semi-fermentation conditions） of rice straw added to fermentation system were contributed to matching the change model of pH, and increasing the quantity and ratio of rice straw degradation during cellulose degrading process. The highest degradation ratio was observed under the condition office straw added one time every five days （under semi-fermentation conditions）.
