目的:探讨显示大鼠皮质脊髓束的特殊染色方法。方法:选用正常成年SD大鼠延髓和脊髓冰冻切片,应用Luxol Fast Blue染色法进行染色。结果:Luxol Fast Blue染色后,在延髓和脊髓切片中可见灰质呈淡红色,白质呈蓝色,延髓锥体染成深蓝色。锥体...目的:探讨显示大鼠皮质脊髓束的特殊染色方法。方法:选用正常成年SD大鼠延髓和脊髓冰冻切片,应用Luxol Fast Blue染色法进行染色。结果:Luxol Fast Blue染色后,在延髓和脊髓切片中可见灰质呈淡红色,白质呈蓝色,延髓锥体染成深蓝色。锥体中Luxol Fast Blue标记的深蓝色阳性纤维,经锥体交叉后至脊髓灰质后连合背侧,沿脊髓后索腹侧深层下行,至荐段后逐渐消失。在延髓锥体和脊髓颈、胸、腰段后索中,深蓝色的Luxol Fast Blue阳性纤维边界清晰,与周围结构区分明显。结论:运用Luxol Fast Blue染色可清楚显示大鼠皮质脊髓束在脊髓内的定位,是一种简便可靠的皮质脊髓束形态学研究方法。展开更多
该文旨在探讨基于冰冻切片样品进行苏木素–伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,H&E)染色和快蓝(luxol fast blue,LFB)染色方法的优化及其在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)组织病理分析中的应用。...该文旨在探讨基于冰冻切片样品进行苏木素–伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,H&E)染色和快蓝(luxol fast blue,LFB)染色方法的优化及其在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)组织病理分析中的应用。取正常及EAE建模后的C57BL/6小鼠脊髓样品各5份,每份脊髓样品一分为二,分别制成冰冻切片和石蜡切片样品,通过设置不同优化条件对这两组切片进行H&E和LFB染色,比较两组切片染色的结果。石蜡切片经过H&E染色和LFB染色后细胞的形态结构和组织结构清晰,冰冻切片H&E染色和LFB染色后细胞结构清晰度几乎和石蜡切片一致,进一步将该方法应用于分析β-arrestin2基因敲除对于小鼠EAE发生中的病理变化,发现能够很好地重复出基因敲除加重EAE疾病这一现象。冰冻切片染色优化后,基于冰冻切片进行H&E染色和LFB染色可以达到石蜡切片类似的效果,并且实验过程简洁快速,大大缩短了实验时间,提高了效率,可以较好地应用于分析自身免疫疾病病理变化,该优化方法将在自身免疫疾病特别是多发性硬化动物模型的研究中有广泛的应用。展开更多
BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution...BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction 展开更多
目的:探讨数字人脊髓数字化问题,建立一种实用的脊髓三维重建方法。方法:对人腰髓节段的连续冷冻切片直接贴片,进行Luxol Fast Blue染色,采集切片图像并进行图像拼接,Photoshop 7·0软件对图像进行"图像灰度化"、"反...目的:探讨数字人脊髓数字化问题,建立一种实用的脊髓三维重建方法。方法:对人腰髓节段的连续冷冻切片直接贴片,进行Luxol Fast Blue染色,采集切片图像并进行图像拼接,Photoshop 7·0软件对图像进行"图像灰度化"、"反相"、"对比度调整"、"图像缩小"等后处理,3D-DOCTOR 4·0软件进行表面重建和体重建。结果:重建出人腰髓节段及其内部的灰质结构具有立体感,并可在计算机上进行自由观察和测量。结论:利用人腰髓连续切片可以进行人体脊髓的三维重建。展开更多
目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)异体移植对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的治疗作用。方法全骨髓贴壁培养法获得大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞免疫表型,并诱导成骨方向分化。取雌性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为3组:正常对照组、PBS...目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)异体移植对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的治疗作用。方法全骨髓贴壁培养法获得大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞免疫表型,并诱导成骨方向分化。取雌性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为3组:正常对照组、PBS组和大鼠BMSCs组,用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)35~55联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导建立EAE模型。小鼠免疫后38d和48d腹腔注射PBS或大鼠BMSCs进行治疗,神经功能评分观察各组小鼠神经功能变化。二次治疗12d后取各组小鼠脊髓、脾脏和外周血。HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色观察脊髓炎性细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;脾脏制成单细胞悬液,细胞CFSE标记后10mg/L刀豆球蛋白(Con A)和MOG_(35~55)刺激培养3d,观察脾细胞增殖情况。ELISA检测大鼠BMSCs移植后外周血细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)含量。结果流式细胞术显示,大鼠BMSCs第3代(P3)细胞表达抗原CD29、CD90、CD106,不表达CD45。体外诱导其能向成骨分化。小鼠发病后,大鼠BMSCs组小鼠神经功能缺损症状较PBS组减轻,评分降低。HE染色和Luxol fast blue染色结果显示,大鼠BMSCs组脊髓炎细胞浸润和脱髓鞘比同时间点PBS组减轻(P<0.05)。Con A和MOG_(35~55)刺激培养后,PBS组和大鼠BMSCs组脾细胞增殖增加,而大鼠BMSCs组又较PBS组降低。与PBS组相比,大鼠BMSCs组血浆细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-17含量降低(P<0.05)。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法能有效分离纯化BMSCs,大鼠BMSCs异体移植对小鼠EAE模型有治疗作用。展开更多
目的比较2种神经髓鞘染色方法在Cuprizone小鼠模型脑组织中脱髓鞘的形态学变化,为实验诊断提供病理依据。方法将Cuprizone掺入饲料中喂食小鼠4周,造成神经脱髓鞘模型。取脑后切片,分别用牢固蓝(Luxol Fast Blue)和油红O两种染色方法观...目的比较2种神经髓鞘染色方法在Cuprizone小鼠模型脑组织中脱髓鞘的形态学变化,为实验诊断提供病理依据。方法将Cuprizone掺入饲料中喂食小鼠4周,造成神经脱髓鞘模型。取脑后切片,分别用牢固蓝(Luxol Fast Blue)和油红O两种染色方法观察脑纹状体和海马两个切面胼胝体髓鞘脱失变化。结果牢固蓝和油红O两种染色方法均可显示Cuprizone模型小鼠脑内胼胝体部位有脱髓鞘发生,但在纹状体切面油红O染色法能清晰显示髓鞘脱失和炎性细胞浸润,而牢固蓝染色法显示髓鞘脱失与周围组织结构界限不明显。结论与牢固蓝染色法相比,油红O染色法能更清晰显示脱髓鞘,颜色对比明显,是一种简单易行的神经髓鞘染色方法。展开更多
目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/FoxO1和白细胞介素17(IL-17)与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的相关机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为对照组和模型组(EAE),每组30只。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG35~55)联合完全...目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/FoxO1和白细胞介素17(IL-17)与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的相关机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为对照组和模型组(EAE),每组30只。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG35~55)联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导建立EAE模型。观察各组小鼠的行为学评分,并于评分4分时取各组小鼠的脊髓、脾脏和外周血。HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色观察脊髓炎性细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;脾细胞在体外用a-CD3和MOG35~55分别刺激7 d,收集其上清液,ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞上清液和血清中细胞因子白细胞介素17(IL-17)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的含量;流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4+IL-17+细胞的百分比;Western blotting检测IL-17及PI3K/Akt/FoxO1在小鼠脊髓中表达。结果与对照组相比,EAE组小鼠行为学评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色结果显示,EAE组脊髓病理组织表现出炎性浸润和髓鞘脱失显著增多(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,EAE组血清中及体外培养脾细胞的上清中IL-17和IFN-γ的含量明显升高。流式结果表明,EAE组小鼠脾细胞中CD4+IL-17+T细胞的百分比明显增加(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,EAE组小鼠脊髓IL-17、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白水平明显升高,但磷酸化FoxO1(p-FoxO1)蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 EAE组小鼠脊髓中促炎因子IL-17分泌增加,可能与PI3K/Akt/FoxO1信号通路活化进而激活T细胞功能有关。展开更多
文摘目的:探讨显示大鼠皮质脊髓束的特殊染色方法。方法:选用正常成年SD大鼠延髓和脊髓冰冻切片,应用Luxol Fast Blue染色法进行染色。结果:Luxol Fast Blue染色后,在延髓和脊髓切片中可见灰质呈淡红色,白质呈蓝色,延髓锥体染成深蓝色。锥体中Luxol Fast Blue标记的深蓝色阳性纤维,经锥体交叉后至脊髓灰质后连合背侧,沿脊髓后索腹侧深层下行,至荐段后逐渐消失。在延髓锥体和脊髓颈、胸、腰段后索中,深蓝色的Luxol Fast Blue阳性纤维边界清晰,与周围结构区分明显。结论:运用Luxol Fast Blue染色可清楚显示大鼠皮质脊髓束在脊髓内的定位,是一种简便可靠的皮质脊髓束形态学研究方法。
文摘该文旨在探讨基于冰冻切片样品进行苏木素–伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,H&E)染色和快蓝(luxol fast blue,LFB)染色方法的优化及其在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)组织病理分析中的应用。取正常及EAE建模后的C57BL/6小鼠脊髓样品各5份,每份脊髓样品一分为二,分别制成冰冻切片和石蜡切片样品,通过设置不同优化条件对这两组切片进行H&E和LFB染色,比较两组切片染色的结果。石蜡切片经过H&E染色和LFB染色后细胞的形态结构和组织结构清晰,冰冻切片H&E染色和LFB染色后细胞结构清晰度几乎和石蜡切片一致,进一步将该方法应用于分析β-arrestin2基因敲除对于小鼠EAE发生中的病理变化,发现能够很好地重复出基因敲除加重EAE疾病这一现象。冰冻切片染色优化后,基于冰冻切片进行H&E染色和LFB染色可以达到石蜡切片类似的效果,并且实验过程简洁快速,大大缩短了实验时间,提高了效率,可以较好地应用于分析自身免疫疾病病理变化,该优化方法将在自身免疫疾病特别是多发性硬化动物模型的研究中有广泛的应用。
基金Natural Science Research Plan forJiangsu Colleges, No.05KJB180105 Postgraduate Innovation Cultivating Projectin Jiangsu Province, No.CX07s_035z
文摘BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction
文摘目的:探讨数字人脊髓数字化问题,建立一种实用的脊髓三维重建方法。方法:对人腰髓节段的连续冷冻切片直接贴片,进行Luxol Fast Blue染色,采集切片图像并进行图像拼接,Photoshop 7·0软件对图像进行"图像灰度化"、"反相"、"对比度调整"、"图像缩小"等后处理,3D-DOCTOR 4·0软件进行表面重建和体重建。结果:重建出人腰髓节段及其内部的灰质结构具有立体感,并可在计算机上进行自由观察和测量。结论:利用人腰髓连续切片可以进行人体脊髓的三维重建。
文摘目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)异体移植对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的治疗作用。方法全骨髓贴壁培养法获得大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞免疫表型,并诱导成骨方向分化。取雌性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为3组:正常对照组、PBS组和大鼠BMSCs组,用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)35~55联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导建立EAE模型。小鼠免疫后38d和48d腹腔注射PBS或大鼠BMSCs进行治疗,神经功能评分观察各组小鼠神经功能变化。二次治疗12d后取各组小鼠脊髓、脾脏和外周血。HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色观察脊髓炎性细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;脾脏制成单细胞悬液,细胞CFSE标记后10mg/L刀豆球蛋白(Con A)和MOG_(35~55)刺激培养3d,观察脾细胞增殖情况。ELISA检测大鼠BMSCs移植后外周血细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)含量。结果流式细胞术显示,大鼠BMSCs第3代(P3)细胞表达抗原CD29、CD90、CD106,不表达CD45。体外诱导其能向成骨分化。小鼠发病后,大鼠BMSCs组小鼠神经功能缺损症状较PBS组减轻,评分降低。HE染色和Luxol fast blue染色结果显示,大鼠BMSCs组脊髓炎细胞浸润和脱髓鞘比同时间点PBS组减轻(P<0.05)。Con A和MOG_(35~55)刺激培养后,PBS组和大鼠BMSCs组脾细胞增殖增加,而大鼠BMSCs组又较PBS组降低。与PBS组相比,大鼠BMSCs组血浆细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-17含量降低(P<0.05)。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法能有效分离纯化BMSCs,大鼠BMSCs异体移植对小鼠EAE模型有治疗作用。
文摘目的比较2种神经髓鞘染色方法在Cuprizone小鼠模型脑组织中脱髓鞘的形态学变化,为实验诊断提供病理依据。方法将Cuprizone掺入饲料中喂食小鼠4周,造成神经脱髓鞘模型。取脑后切片,分别用牢固蓝(Luxol Fast Blue)和油红O两种染色方法观察脑纹状体和海马两个切面胼胝体髓鞘脱失变化。结果牢固蓝和油红O两种染色方法均可显示Cuprizone模型小鼠脑内胼胝体部位有脱髓鞘发生,但在纹状体切面油红O染色法能清晰显示髓鞘脱失和炎性细胞浸润,而牢固蓝染色法显示髓鞘脱失与周围组织结构界限不明显。结论与牢固蓝染色法相比,油红O染色法能更清晰显示脱髓鞘,颜色对比明显,是一种简单易行的神经髓鞘染色方法。
文摘目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/FoxO1和白细胞介素17(IL-17)与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的相关机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为对照组和模型组(EAE),每组30只。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG35~55)联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导建立EAE模型。观察各组小鼠的行为学评分,并于评分4分时取各组小鼠的脊髓、脾脏和外周血。HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色观察脊髓炎性细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;脾细胞在体外用a-CD3和MOG35~55分别刺激7 d,收集其上清液,ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞上清液和血清中细胞因子白细胞介素17(IL-17)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的含量;流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4+IL-17+细胞的百分比;Western blotting检测IL-17及PI3K/Akt/FoxO1在小鼠脊髓中表达。结果与对照组相比,EAE组小鼠行为学评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色结果显示,EAE组脊髓病理组织表现出炎性浸润和髓鞘脱失显著增多(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,EAE组血清中及体外培养脾细胞的上清中IL-17和IFN-γ的含量明显升高。流式结果表明,EAE组小鼠脾细胞中CD4+IL-17+T细胞的百分比明显增加(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,EAE组小鼠脊髓IL-17、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白水平明显升高,但磷酸化FoxO1(p-FoxO1)蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 EAE组小鼠脊髓中促炎因子IL-17分泌增加,可能与PI3K/Akt/FoxO1信号通路活化进而激活T细胞功能有关。
