Hot deformation of cast-homogenized and extruded(in both the extrusion and transverse directions)ZK60 magnesium alloy was conducted using the Gleeble®3500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing system.A new approa...Hot deformation of cast-homogenized and extruded(in both the extrusion and transverse directions)ZK60 magnesium alloy was conducted using the Gleeble®3500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing system.A new approach to model the high temperature constitutive behavior of the alloy was done using two well-known equations(i.e.hyperbolic sine and Ludwig equations).For this approach,the deformation conditions were divided into regimes of low and high temperature and strain rate(four regimes).Constitutive model development was conducted in each regime and the material parameters(P)were evaluated as strain,strain rate and temperature-dependent variables;P(ε,ε,T).Using this approach,the flow curves were predicted with high accuracy relative to the experimental measurements.Moreover,detailed information on the evolution of hot deformation activation energy was obtained using the modified hyperbolic sine model.Using the modified Ludwig equation,details of strain hardening and strain rate sensitivity of the ZK60 material during hot deformation were obtained.展开更多
This article presents a method that uses physical optics （PO） techniques to compute the monostatic radar cross section （RCS） of electrically large conducting objects modeled by non-uniform rational B-spline （NURB...This article presents a method that uses physical optics （PO） techniques to compute the monostatic radar cross section （RCS） of electrically large conducting objects modeled by non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） surfaces. At the beginning, a new algorithm to convert recursive B-spline basis function into piecewise polynomials in power form is presented. Then, algorithm computes the polynomial representation of B-spline basis functions and NURBS surface geometric parameters are obtained. The PO integral over NURBS surfaces of an electrically large conducting object is used to predict the object＇s RCS. The NURBS surface is divided into small piecewise polynomial parametric patches by isoparametric curves, and the PO integral expression over the parametric domain of each polynomial parametric patch is reduced to an analytical expression which permits an accurate and effective computation of the PO integral by using a modified Ludwig＇s algorithm. The RCS of the object can be obtained by adding up the PO integral contribution of each polynomial parametric patch. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical examples.展开更多
马克思的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(下称《提纲》)是用德语写的。根据1977年柏林Dietz出版社出版的《Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassisehen detttschenPhilosophie》第73页所载,《提纲》第二条第一句话的原文是:“Die Frage,...马克思的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(下称《提纲》)是用德语写的。根据1977年柏林Dietz出版社出版的《Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassisehen detttschenPhilosophie》第73页所载,《提纲》第二条第一句话的原文是:“Die Frage,ob demmenschlichen Denken gegenstandliche Wahrheit zukommt,ist keine Frage derTheorie,sondern eine praktische Frage.”其中gegenstandliche一词,汉译纷纭,有的还附上了德语原词,这就给读者留下了思考的余地。在深入学习“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”这个马克思主义基本原理的时候。展开更多
The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between the concept of creativity and psychopathology.The characters depicted in the short stories by the Russian writer AntonČechov,Ward no.6 and The Black Mon...The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between the concept of creativity and psychopathology.The characters depicted in the short stories by the Russian writer AntonČechov,Ward no.6 and The Black Monk,and the historical figure of King Ludwig II of Bavaria will be given particular consideration.This paper aims to show how inČechov’s characters Efymič,Dmitričand Kovrin,the concept of madness plays a negative function,as the protagonists of the abovenamed tales are unable to be creative.Their psychic discomfort leads to pathology by means of hallucinosis and events that,although they induce and promote a function of mental equilibrium in the individual,they do not lead to creativity.The latter constitutes a peculiar,fundamental and present aspect of Ludwig in the poetic,literary and artistic spheres,which specifically led to the realisation of his castles in Bavaria,products of his particular creativity and today admired by visitors from all over the world.展开更多
通过"Less is More"组合产品的展示,佛吉亚期望其创新轻量化及热能回收技术能够为汽车行业的节能减排做出贡献。在日前于成都举办的第12届米其林必比登挑战赛上,佛吉亚通过一系列创新产品组合,展示其最新技术战略和概念——Le...通过"Less is More"组合产品的展示,佛吉亚期望其创新轻量化及热能回收技术能够为汽车行业的节能减排做出贡献。在日前于成都举办的第12届米其林必比登挑战赛上,佛吉亚通过一系列创新产品组合,展示其最新技术战略和概念——Less is More。"Less is More"最早由德国建筑大师密斯·凡德罗(Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)提出,以阐释其在建筑领域的极简主义理念。展开更多
德国古典音乐所留下的遗产是无与伦比的。路德维希·凡·贝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven)、约翰·塞巴斯迪安·巴赫(Johann Sebastian Bach)、罗伯特·舒曼(Robert Schumann)、费利克斯·门德尔松(Felix Mendelss...德国古典音乐所留下的遗产是无与伦比的。路德维希·凡·贝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven)、约翰·塞巴斯迪安·巴赫(Johann Sebastian Bach)、罗伯特·舒曼(Robert Schumann)、费利克斯·门德尔松(Felix Mendelssohn)、约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯(Johannes Brahms)以及里夏德·瓦格纳(Richard Wagner)……之所以会产生如此众多声名显赫的音乐家,源于这个民族对音乐的喜爱。同样,在德国旅行也就少不了去看看那些歌剧院,欣赏一下歌剧和古典音乐。展开更多
Disposal of dynamics has a direct influence on performance effect in piano performance, and different disposals of dynamics will result in different tone effects. Therefore, different disposals of dynamics are require...Disposal of dynamics has a direct influence on performance effect in piano performance, and different disposals of dynamics will result in different tone effects. Therefore, different disposals of dynamics are required when playing different music. In this paper, Ludwig van Beethoven’s piano sonatas are taken for example to discuss the countermeasures for disposing the dynamics for playing piano sonatas.展开更多
……如果我们一味地不懈追求那些看似不可能的事,我确信我们将会成功。——沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯,1919年~1每个时期的人都难免审视当下,拿今天和往昔比较。现代主义就是20世纪的人们对所处时代的自觉意识。渴望成为当代,努力与紧紧连...……如果我们一味地不懈追求那些看似不可能的事,我确信我们将会成功。——沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯,1919年~1每个时期的人都难免审视当下,拿今天和往昔比较。现代主义就是20世纪的人们对所处时代的自觉意识。渴望成为当代,努力与紧紧连接着他们的文化脱离关系,这基本上是一切现代主义者的行为动机。无论是格罗皮乌斯[Walter Gropius,1883-1969]的＂从零开始＂,还是密斯·凡·德·罗[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,1886-1969]的＂少即多＂,都显现出这样的冲动与力量。展开更多
由德国浪漫派作家Ludwig Tieck(1773-1853)在一夜间创作完成的戏剧作品《穿靴子的猫》,三幕的儿童通话,有幕间插曲、开场和收场。因为其独特的形式和极具讽刺意味的内容,被文学界从各个角度进行分析和研究。从形式上来说,它由两个叙述...由德国浪漫派作家Ludwig Tieck(1773-1853)在一夜间创作完成的戏剧作品《穿靴子的猫》,三幕的儿童通话,有幕间插曲、开场和收场。因为其独特的形式和极具讽刺意味的内容,被文学界从各个角度进行分析和研究。从形式上来说,它由两个叙述层面构成,开创了"剧中剧"("Stück im Stück")这种独特叙述风格的先河。从内容上看,该作品不仅是一部喜剧,一部戏剧化的童话,更是一部戏剧讽刺作品。它嘲讽了当时社会一般阶层人民的愚昧无知,自私贪婪,以达到唤醒他们的目的。同时,作品也讽刺了上层统治阶级的专制和残暴,批判了当时的政治。所以它还是一部警世剧,一部革命剧。展开更多
1950年的一天,阿瓦蒂(Mario Avati)偶然从他的朋友那里得到一把旧的摇滚刀。“我想你可以用它来作磨刻凹版画”,那位朋友对他说。磨刻凹版画?阿瓦蒂当时29岁,已经开始了他的艺术生涯。他只知道磨刻凹版画(又称美柔丁法铜版画)是在17世...1950年的一天,阿瓦蒂(Mario Avati)偶然从他的朋友那里得到一把旧的摇滚刀。“我想你可以用它来作磨刻凹版画”,那位朋友对他说。磨刻凹版画?阿瓦蒂当时29岁,已经开始了他的艺术生涯。他只知道磨刻凹版画(又称美柔丁法铜版画)是在17世纪中叶由荷兰画家路德维希·冯·西根(Ludwig. von Siegen)发明的,但对其制作方法却全然不知。不管怎样,阿瓦蒂还是想试一下。展开更多
In this paper, I critically challenge the ability of legal reforms to recognize and integrate the way in which a rape victim sees rape. Current limitations to the law are mainly due to the accepted patriarchal view on...In this paper, I critically challenge the ability of legal reforms to recognize and integrate the way in which a rape victim sees rape. Current limitations to the law are mainly due to the accepted patriarchal view on law as a form of objective and rational knowledge, outside which there are only impracticable and irrational views. I investigate the case of marriage jurisprudence in the UK, as a prominent example, because it has long accepted marital rape as objectively and rationally part of a wife＇s duty. Even though changes have occurred which improve the marital rape jurisdiction and prejudicial disbelief concerning a woman＇s private life is still used in the courts to question the credibility of the victim. Over the past year, extensive efforts have been made to reform the management of rape cases. Whilst there is a need to acknowledge the seriousness of the accusation with rigorous legal principles which provide appropriate safeguards for the accused person as well as the complainant, especially bearing in mind the often ＂private＂ circumstances, with a concomitant lack of witnesses, it remains the case that the rate of attribution in attempts to secure successful prosecutions in rape case remains overwhelming. I show how a Wittgensteinian approach to law would take into consideration the shape ofgendered lives as they are experienced, and hence would not accept just one legal interpretation of marital law. The phenomenon of＂seeing-as＂ in Wittgenstein＇s philosophy can support the experience of being jolted into appreciating the feminist aspect of consent in marital sexual relationships.展开更多
Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley,Chairman of theExecutive BoardMerck KGaA is a global private pharmaceuticaland chemical company that headquartersin Darmstadt,Germany,It was foundedin 1668,making it the world’s oldest operatingc...Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley,Chairman of theExecutive BoardMerck KGaA is a global private pharmaceuticaland chemical company that headquartersin Darmstadt,Germany,It was foundedin 1668,making it the world’s oldest operatingchemical and pharmaceutical company.Merck family,approximately 150 partners,hold about 70.3% interests in Merck KGaA,and free shareholders own the remaining 29.7% which surely bring them high profit.The Merck Group grows faster than industryin the USA,China,Japan,India and otheremerging markets. Its total annual revenuehas kept growing since 2004,when the companyset to arranging strategy adjustment.Total revenue rose from EUR5 859 million in2004 to EUR7 747 million in 2009,and theprojected total revenue for 2010 will reachEUR9 390 million.展开更多
[目的]对比人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果,并分析两者的优缺点。[方法]收治72岁以上高龄股骨粗隆间骨折76例,其中采用DHS 49例,人工股骨头置换27例,记录手术时间、术中和术后...[目的]对比人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果,并分析两者的优缺点。[方法]收治72岁以上高龄股骨粗隆间骨折76例,其中采用DHS 49例,人工股骨头置换27例,记录手术时间、术中和术后出血量、下床活动时间、早期Harris评分以及半年、2年后Harris评分及术后并发症。[结果]随访24~48个月。人工股骨头置换组可有较早的下床活动和早期良好的Harris评分,但是,无论在手术时间上,还是在手术中和术后出血量比较上人工股骨头置换组均明显高于DHS内固定组;6个月后的Harris评分两者无明显差异。[结论]高龄股骨粗隆间骨折仍应以内固定治疗为首选措施,应慎重选用人工股骨头置换术,严格掌握其适应证。展开更多
基金support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC),Automotive Partnership Canada(APC)program under APCPJ 459269-13 grant with contributions from CanmetMATERIALS,Multimatic Technical Centre,Ford Motor Company,and Centerline Windsor.
文摘Hot deformation of cast-homogenized and extruded(in both the extrusion and transverse directions)ZK60 magnesium alloy was conducted using the Gleeble®3500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing system.A new approach to model the high temperature constitutive behavior of the alloy was done using two well-known equations(i.e.hyperbolic sine and Ludwig equations).For this approach,the deformation conditions were divided into regimes of low and high temperature and strain rate(four regimes).Constitutive model development was conducted in each regime and the material parameters(P)were evaluated as strain,strain rate and temperature-dependent variables;P(ε,ε,T).Using this approach,the flow curves were predicted with high accuracy relative to the experimental measurements.Moreover,detailed information on the evolution of hot deformation activation energy was obtained using the modified hyperbolic sine model.Using the modified Ludwig equation,details of strain hardening and strain rate sensitivity of the ZK60 material during hot deformation were obtained.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60831001)Innovation Foundation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics for PhD Graduates
文摘This article presents a method that uses physical optics （PO） techniques to compute the monostatic radar cross section （RCS） of electrically large conducting objects modeled by non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） surfaces. At the beginning, a new algorithm to convert recursive B-spline basis function into piecewise polynomials in power form is presented. Then, algorithm computes the polynomial representation of B-spline basis functions and NURBS surface geometric parameters are obtained. The PO integral over NURBS surfaces of an electrically large conducting object is used to predict the object＇s RCS. The NURBS surface is divided into small piecewise polynomial parametric patches by isoparametric curves, and the PO integral expression over the parametric domain of each polynomial parametric patch is reduced to an analytical expression which permits an accurate and effective computation of the PO integral by using a modified Ludwig＇s algorithm. The RCS of the object can be obtained by adding up the PO integral contribution of each polynomial parametric patch. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical examples.
文摘马克思的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(下称《提纲》)是用德语写的。根据1977年柏林Dietz出版社出版的《Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassisehen detttschenPhilosophie》第73页所载,《提纲》第二条第一句话的原文是:“Die Frage,ob demmenschlichen Denken gegenstandliche Wahrheit zukommt,ist keine Frage derTheorie,sondern eine praktische Frage.”其中gegenstandliche一词,汉译纷纭,有的还附上了德语原词,这就给读者留下了思考的余地。在深入学习“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”这个马克思主义基本原理的时候。
文摘The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between the concept of creativity and psychopathology.The characters depicted in the short stories by the Russian writer AntonČechov,Ward no.6 and The Black Monk,and the historical figure of King Ludwig II of Bavaria will be given particular consideration.This paper aims to show how inČechov’s characters Efymič,Dmitričand Kovrin,the concept of madness plays a negative function,as the protagonists of the abovenamed tales are unable to be creative.Their psychic discomfort leads to pathology by means of hallucinosis and events that,although they induce and promote a function of mental equilibrium in the individual,they do not lead to creativity.The latter constitutes a peculiar,fundamental and present aspect of Ludwig in the poetic,literary and artistic spheres,which specifically led to the realisation of his castles in Bavaria,products of his particular creativity and today admired by visitors from all over the world.
文摘通过"Less is More"组合产品的展示,佛吉亚期望其创新轻量化及热能回收技术能够为汽车行业的节能减排做出贡献。在日前于成都举办的第12届米其林必比登挑战赛上,佛吉亚通过一系列创新产品组合,展示其最新技术战略和概念——Less is More。"Less is More"最早由德国建筑大师密斯·凡德罗(Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)提出,以阐释其在建筑领域的极简主义理念。
文摘德国古典音乐所留下的遗产是无与伦比的。路德维希·凡·贝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven)、约翰·塞巴斯迪安·巴赫(Johann Sebastian Bach)、罗伯特·舒曼(Robert Schumann)、费利克斯·门德尔松(Felix Mendelssohn)、约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯(Johannes Brahms)以及里夏德·瓦格纳(Richard Wagner)……之所以会产生如此众多声名显赫的音乐家,源于这个民族对音乐的喜爱。同样,在德国旅行也就少不了去看看那些歌剧院,欣赏一下歌剧和古典音乐。
文摘Disposal of dynamics has a direct influence on performance effect in piano performance, and different disposals of dynamics will result in different tone effects. Therefore, different disposals of dynamics are required when playing different music. In this paper, Ludwig van Beethoven’s piano sonatas are taken for example to discuss the countermeasures for disposing the dynamics for playing piano sonatas.
文摘……如果我们一味地不懈追求那些看似不可能的事,我确信我们将会成功。——沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯,1919年~1每个时期的人都难免审视当下,拿今天和往昔比较。现代主义就是20世纪的人们对所处时代的自觉意识。渴望成为当代,努力与紧紧连接着他们的文化脱离关系,这基本上是一切现代主义者的行为动机。无论是格罗皮乌斯[Walter Gropius,1883-1969]的＂从零开始＂,还是密斯·凡·德·罗[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,1886-1969]的＂少即多＂,都显现出这样的冲动与力量。
文摘由德国浪漫派作家Ludwig Tieck(1773-1853)在一夜间创作完成的戏剧作品《穿靴子的猫》,三幕的儿童通话,有幕间插曲、开场和收场。因为其独特的形式和极具讽刺意味的内容,被文学界从各个角度进行分析和研究。从形式上来说,它由两个叙述层面构成,开创了"剧中剧"("Stück im Stück")这种独特叙述风格的先河。从内容上看,该作品不仅是一部喜剧,一部戏剧化的童话,更是一部戏剧讽刺作品。它嘲讽了当时社会一般阶层人民的愚昧无知,自私贪婪,以达到唤醒他们的目的。同时,作品也讽刺了上层统治阶级的专制和残暴,批判了当时的政治。所以它还是一部警世剧,一部革命剧。
文摘1950年的一天,阿瓦蒂(Mario Avati)偶然从他的朋友那里得到一把旧的摇滚刀。“我想你可以用它来作磨刻凹版画”,那位朋友对他说。磨刻凹版画?阿瓦蒂当时29岁,已经开始了他的艺术生涯。他只知道磨刻凹版画(又称美柔丁法铜版画)是在17世纪中叶由荷兰画家路德维希·冯·西根(Ludwig. von Siegen)发明的,但对其制作方法却全然不知。不管怎样,阿瓦蒂还是想试一下。
文摘In this paper, I critically challenge the ability of legal reforms to recognize and integrate the way in which a rape victim sees rape. Current limitations to the law are mainly due to the accepted patriarchal view on law as a form of objective and rational knowledge, outside which there are only impracticable and irrational views. I investigate the case of marriage jurisprudence in the UK, as a prominent example, because it has long accepted marital rape as objectively and rationally part of a wife＇s duty. Even though changes have occurred which improve the marital rape jurisdiction and prejudicial disbelief concerning a woman＇s private life is still used in the courts to question the credibility of the victim. Over the past year, extensive efforts have been made to reform the management of rape cases. Whilst there is a need to acknowledge the seriousness of the accusation with rigorous legal principles which provide appropriate safeguards for the accused person as well as the complainant, especially bearing in mind the often ＂private＂ circumstances, with a concomitant lack of witnesses, it remains the case that the rate of attribution in attempts to secure successful prosecutions in rape case remains overwhelming. I show how a Wittgensteinian approach to law would take into consideration the shape ofgendered lives as they are experienced, and hence would not accept just one legal interpretation of marital law. The phenomenon of＂seeing-as＂ in Wittgenstein＇s philosophy can support the experience of being jolted into appreciating the feminist aspect of consent in marital sexual relationships.
文摘Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley,Chairman of theExecutive BoardMerck KGaA is a global private pharmaceuticaland chemical company that headquartersin Darmstadt,Germany,It was foundedin 1668,making it the world’s oldest operatingchemical and pharmaceutical company.Merck family,approximately 150 partners,hold about 70.3% interests in Merck KGaA,and free shareholders own the remaining 29.7% which surely bring them high profit.The Merck Group grows faster than industryin the USA,China,Japan,India and otheremerging markets. Its total annual revenuehas kept growing since 2004,when the companyset to arranging strategy adjustment.Total revenue rose from EUR5 859 million in2004 to EUR7 747 million in 2009,and theprojected total revenue for 2010 will reachEUR9 390 million.
文摘[目的]对比人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果,并分析两者的优缺点。[方法]收治72岁以上高龄股骨粗隆间骨折76例,其中采用DHS 49例,人工股骨头置换27例,记录手术时间、术中和术后出血量、下床活动时间、早期Harris评分以及半年、2年后Harris评分及术后并发症。[结果]随访24~48个月。人工股骨头置换组可有较早的下床活动和早期良好的Harris评分,但是,无论在手术时间上,还是在手术中和术后出血量比较上人工股骨头置换组均明显高于DHS内固定组;6个月后的Harris评分两者无明显差异。[结论]高龄股骨粗隆间骨折仍应以内固定治疗为首选措施,应慎重选用人工股骨头置换术,严格掌握其适应证。
