Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped b...Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped because of the higher threshold of the starting material for mammalian embryo samples and the lack of hypersensitive proteome technology.In this study,a comprehensive solution of ultrasensitive proteome technology(CS-UPT)was developed for single-cell or low-input mouse oocyte/embryo samples.The deep coverage and high-throughput routes significantly reduced the starting material and were selected by investigators based on their demands.Using the deep coverage route,we provided the first large-scale snapshot of the very early stage of mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition,including almost 5,500 protein groups from 20 mouse oocytes or zygotes for each sample.Moreover,significant protein regulatory networks centered on transcription factors and kinases between the MII oocyte and 1-cell embryo provided rich insights into minor zygotic genome activation.展开更多
Productivity potentials of upland rice landraces (URLs) are continuously compromised by scanty water supply due to competing priorities for irrigations and fluctuations in agro-ecological conditions peculiar to low-in...Productivity potentials of upland rice landraces (URLs) are continuously compromised by scanty water supply due to competing priorities for irrigations and fluctuations in agro-ecological conditions peculiar to low-input farming systems. A growing demand for rice amidst decline in productive agricultural areas plunges into an urgent contribution of marginal areas critical in attaining food sufficiency among Filipino households. Agronomic performances of URLs locally found in Catanduanes province, Philippines were evaluated in a replicated trial utilizing three URLs: Kamanang [1], Kadari [2] and Bulaw [3]. The experimental set-up was closely monitored for consistent dry moisture content and zero fertilizer application. Results were significant for traditional upland landraces: Kamanang and Kadari, scored in terms of higher germination rate, increment plant height and the number of tillers during the vegetative stage. Leaf color gradations, although statistically not significant across cultivars, were suggestive of varying adaptive performance between traditional cultivars subjected to low-input system. Putative low-input responsive lines indicated by the higher survival percentage and overall agronomic responses were selected from the study site. Screened lines took part of the advance population which would be potentially able to tolerate poor soil conditions (i.e. poor storehouse of water and nutrients) especially in areas with edaphological constraints and changing rainfall distribution pattern. The development of putative drought tolerant lines among URLs forms the most economical solution implicated to areas with limited access to agricultural interventions.展开更多
To enable diverse functions and precise regulation,an RNA sequence often folds into complex yet distinct structures in different cellular states.Probing RNA in its native environment is essential to uncovering RNA str...To enable diverse functions and precise regulation,an RNA sequence often folds into complex yet distinct structures in different cellular states.Probing RNA in its native environment is essential to uncovering RNA structures of biological contexts.However,current methods generally require large amounts of input RNA and are challenging for physiologically relevant use.Here,we report smartSHAPE,a new RNA structure probing method that requires very low amounts of RNA input due to the largely reduced artefact of probing signals and increased efficiency of library construction.Using smartSHAPE,we showcased the profiling of the RNA structure landscape of mouse intestinal macrophages upon inflammation,and provided evidence that RNA conformational changes regulate immune responses.These results demonstrate that smartSHAPE can greatly expand the scope of RNA structure-based investigations in practical biological systems,and also provide a research paradigm for the study of post-transcriptional regulation.展开更多
Transcriptomic studies are an important tool for understanding the molecular pathways underlying host plant use by agricultural pests,including vectors of damaging plant pathogens.Thus far,bulk RNA-Seq has been the ma...Transcriptomic studies are an important tool for understanding the molecular pathways underlying host plant use by agricultural pests,including vectors of damaging plant pathogens.Thus far,bulk RNA-Seq has been the main approach for non-model insects.This method relies on pooling large numbers of whole organisms or hundreds of individually dissected organs.The latter approach is logistically challenging,may introduce artifacts of handling and storage,and is not compatible with biological replication.Here,we tested an approach to generate transcriptomes of individual salivary glands and other low-input body tissues from whiteflies(Bemisia tabaci MEAM1),which are major vectors of plant viruses.By comparing our outputs to published bulk RNA-Seq datasets for whole whitefly bodies and pools of salivary glands,we demonstrate that this approach recovers similar numbers of transcripts relative to bulk RNA-Seq in a tissue-specific manner,and for some metrics,exceeds performance of bulk tissue RNA-Seq.Libraries generated from individual salivary glands also yielded additional novel transcripts not identified in pooled salivary gland datasets,and had hundreds of enriched transcripts when compared with whole head tissues.Overall,our study demonstrates that it is feasible to produce high quality,replicated transcriptomes of whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues.We anticipate that our approach will expand hypothesis-driven research on salivary glands of whiteflies and other Hemiptera,thus enabling novel control strategies to disrupt feeding and virus transmission.展开更多
In Mediterranean countries forage crops and temporary grasslands are the most important supply even if severe moisture stress is common. In Italy, forage systems are various and differently located from North to South...In Mediterranean countries forage crops and temporary grasslands are the most important supply even if severe moisture stress is common. In Italy, forage systems are various and differently located from North to South of the mainland due to strong influence by rainfall distribution. Grasses and grazing cover 3.4 million ha of Italian utilized agricultural area （UAA） while alternated grassland and grass meadows cover 1.9 million ha. Most of grasslands are located in hilly and mountainous areas and are important for reducing erosion. Italy has a great longitudinal extension which accounts for a great variety of climate systems and soils： the northern regions have a humid subtropical climate and differ greatly from the south part that fits the Mediterranean climate profile. During the last 100/150 years the Italian climate has become warmer and drier showing an increase of erratic precipitation intensity. The future of breeding of forage grasses and legumes should be focused on higher nutrient use efficiencies and increased sustainability. New applications of genomics and bioinformatics will allow advanced breeding strategies. Over the past 15 years breeders have displayed a constant interest in forage species while a greater interest has risen in turfgrass varieties. Seed production of Italian herbages does not cover the requirements of the market. More specific value for cultivation and use （VCU） tests might be an effective means to improve the screening of candidate varieties. The goal is the selection of varieties able to withstand the stress of climate change, have better water and nitrogen use efficiency and resilience of vegetation cover.展开更多
In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promisso...In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promissory lines of ＂tomate platense＂ （TL） derived from local varieties and a commercial hybrid （CH） considering yield, fruit characters and their possible associations. Nine plants per treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design （r = 4）. The following parameters were determined： diameter （cm）, height （cm）, diameter/height （D/H） ratio, weight per fruit （g）, number of locules, the average number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruits per plant （kg/ptant）, the yield （ton/ha） and the survival percentage. ANOVA, Tukey＇s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The TL showed greater （P ≤ 0.01） diameter, D/H ratio and number of locules than CH. In all materials, both diameter and height were associated （P ≤ 0.05） with the weight per fruit. Six of TL had greater （P ≤ 0.01） weight per fruit than HC. Respect to number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant and yield, there were no significant differences among the materials. The survival for CH was lower （P ≤0.05） than that for TL. Although fruits with a smaller size and less flattened have been selected, the lines show enough similarity in these characters that identified their common origin. With the fruits smaller and more uniform, and having no joined fruits, these lines may be of interest to be cultivated under low-input system conditions and practical for low-income producers.展开更多
As an increasing number of people have become interested in healthy and environmentally friendly farm products,the diffusion process of sustainable farming has been widely discussed.However,few studies have empiricall...As an increasing number of people have become interested in healthy and environmentally friendly farm products,the diffusion process of sustainable farming has been widely discussed.However,few studies have empirically investigated the differences between early adopters and early majority in diffusion of environmentally friendly farming.The purpose of this study is to examine the existence of the gap between early adopters and the early majority in the diffusion of environmentally friendly certified farm production by focusing on the case in which a frequent buyers program(FBP)was introduced for locally certified crops in the farmers markets of Japan.Though there were no differences in the characteristics of the two groups,early adopters initiated such production through governmental information provision and expected more profit than the adopters that followed.It was also found that non-economic reasons and information on stable markets for the certified products were crucial for both adopter groups.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.:82030099,30700397 Detail)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2022YFD2101500)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Grant No.:22DZ2303000)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Technical Standard Project,China(Grant No.:21DZ2201700)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Natural Science Foundation Project,China(Grant No.:23ZR1435800)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(Grant No.:XDB32060000)the Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.:ZDBS-LY-SM019)the Yangfan Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,China(Grant No.:22YF1454100),and the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai,China.
文摘Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped because of the higher threshold of the starting material for mammalian embryo samples and the lack of hypersensitive proteome technology.In this study,a comprehensive solution of ultrasensitive proteome technology(CS-UPT)was developed for single-cell or low-input mouse oocyte/embryo samples.The deep coverage and high-throughput routes significantly reduced the starting material and were selected by investigators based on their demands.Using the deep coverage route,we provided the first large-scale snapshot of the very early stage of mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition,including almost 5,500 protein groups from 20 mouse oocytes or zygotes for each sample.Moreover,significant protein regulatory networks centered on transcription factors and kinases between the MII oocyte and 1-cell embryo provided rich insights into minor zygotic genome activation.
文摘Productivity potentials of upland rice landraces (URLs) are continuously compromised by scanty water supply due to competing priorities for irrigations and fluctuations in agro-ecological conditions peculiar to low-input farming systems. A growing demand for rice amidst decline in productive agricultural areas plunges into an urgent contribution of marginal areas critical in attaining food sufficiency among Filipino households. Agronomic performances of URLs locally found in Catanduanes province, Philippines were evaluated in a replicated trial utilizing three URLs: Kamanang [1], Kadari [2] and Bulaw [3]. The experimental set-up was closely monitored for consistent dry moisture content and zero fertilizer application. Results were significant for traditional upland landraces: Kamanang and Kadari, scored in terms of higher germination rate, increment plant height and the number of tillers during the vegetative stage. Leaf color gradations, although statistically not significant across cultivars, were suggestive of varying adaptive performance between traditional cultivars subjected to low-input system. Putative low-input responsive lines indicated by the higher survival percentage and overall agronomic responses were selected from the study site. Screened lines took part of the advance population which would be potentially able to tolerate poor soil conditions (i.e. poor storehouse of water and nutrients) especially in areas with edaphological constraints and changing rainfall distribution pattern. The development of putative drought tolerant lines among URLs forms the most economical solution implicated to areas with limited access to agricultural interventions.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0110002 and 2018YFA0107603 to Q.C.Z,and 2020YFA0509100 to X.H.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.32125007,91940306,91740204,and 31761163007 to Q.C.Z,and 31725010,31821003,31991174,32030037,82150105 to X.H.)Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR,China Project No.N_CityU110/17 to C.K.K.
文摘To enable diverse functions and precise regulation,an RNA sequence often folds into complex yet distinct structures in different cellular states.Probing RNA in its native environment is essential to uncovering RNA structures of biological contexts.However,current methods generally require large amounts of input RNA and are challenging for physiologically relevant use.Here,we report smartSHAPE,a new RNA structure probing method that requires very low amounts of RNA input due to the largely reduced artefact of probing signals and increased efficiency of library construction.Using smartSHAPE,we showcased the profiling of the RNA structure landscape of mouse intestinal macrophages upon inflammation,and provided evidence that RNA conformational changes regulate immune responses.These results demonstrate that smartSHAPE can greatly expand the scope of RNA structure-based investigations in practical biological systems,and also provide a research paradigm for the study of post-transcriptional regulation.
基金funded by USDA NIFA grant#2019-67014-29359 to K.M.the National Institute of Health Training Grant in Environmental Toxicology T32 ES018827 to B.H.L.
文摘Transcriptomic studies are an important tool for understanding the molecular pathways underlying host plant use by agricultural pests,including vectors of damaging plant pathogens.Thus far,bulk RNA-Seq has been the main approach for non-model insects.This method relies on pooling large numbers of whole organisms or hundreds of individually dissected organs.The latter approach is logistically challenging,may introduce artifacts of handling and storage,and is not compatible with biological replication.Here,we tested an approach to generate transcriptomes of individual salivary glands and other low-input body tissues from whiteflies(Bemisia tabaci MEAM1),which are major vectors of plant viruses.By comparing our outputs to published bulk RNA-Seq datasets for whole whitefly bodies and pools of salivary glands,we demonstrate that this approach recovers similar numbers of transcripts relative to bulk RNA-Seq in a tissue-specific manner,and for some metrics,exceeds performance of bulk tissue RNA-Seq.Libraries generated from individual salivary glands also yielded additional novel transcripts not identified in pooled salivary gland datasets,and had hundreds of enriched transcripts when compared with whole head tissues.Overall,our study demonstrates that it is feasible to produce high quality,replicated transcriptomes of whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues.We anticipate that our approach will expand hypothesis-driven research on salivary glands of whiteflies and other Hemiptera,thus enabling novel control strategies to disrupt feeding and virus transmission.
文摘In Mediterranean countries forage crops and temporary grasslands are the most important supply even if severe moisture stress is common. In Italy, forage systems are various and differently located from North to South of the mainland due to strong influence by rainfall distribution. Grasses and grazing cover 3.4 million ha of Italian utilized agricultural area （UAA） while alternated grassland and grass meadows cover 1.9 million ha. Most of grasslands are located in hilly and mountainous areas and are important for reducing erosion. Italy has a great longitudinal extension which accounts for a great variety of climate systems and soils： the northern regions have a humid subtropical climate and differ greatly from the south part that fits the Mediterranean climate profile. During the last 100/150 years the Italian climate has become warmer and drier showing an increase of erratic precipitation intensity. The future of breeding of forage grasses and legumes should be focused on higher nutrient use efficiencies and increased sustainability. New applications of genomics and bioinformatics will allow advanced breeding strategies. Over the past 15 years breeders have displayed a constant interest in forage species while a greater interest has risen in turfgrass varieties. Seed production of Italian herbages does not cover the requirements of the market. More specific value for cultivation and use （VCU） tests might be an effective means to improve the screening of candidate varieties. The goal is the selection of varieties able to withstand the stress of climate change, have better water and nitrogen use efficiency and resilience of vegetation cover.
文摘In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promissory lines of ＂tomate platense＂ （TL） derived from local varieties and a commercial hybrid （CH） considering yield, fruit characters and their possible associations. Nine plants per treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design （r = 4）. The following parameters were determined： diameter （cm）, height （cm）, diameter/height （D/H） ratio, weight per fruit （g）, number of locules, the average number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruits per plant （kg/ptant）, the yield （ton/ha） and the survival percentage. ANOVA, Tukey＇s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The TL showed greater （P ≤ 0.01） diameter, D/H ratio and number of locules than CH. In all materials, both diameter and height were associated （P ≤ 0.05） with the weight per fruit. Six of TL had greater （P ≤ 0.01） weight per fruit than HC. Respect to number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant and yield, there were no significant differences among the materials. The survival for CH was lower （P ≤0.05） than that for TL. Although fruits with a smaller size and less flattened have been selected, the lines show enough similarity in these characters that identified their common origin. With the fruits smaller and more uniform, and having no joined fruits, these lines may be of interest to be cultivated under low-input system conditions and practical for low-income producers.
文摘As an increasing number of people have become interested in healthy and environmentally friendly farm products,the diffusion process of sustainable farming has been widely discussed.However,few studies have empirically investigated the differences between early adopters and early majority in diffusion of environmentally friendly farming.The purpose of this study is to examine the existence of the gap between early adopters and the early majority in the diffusion of environmentally friendly certified farm production by focusing on the case in which a frequent buyers program(FBP)was introduced for locally certified crops in the farmers markets of Japan.Though there were no differences in the characteristics of the two groups,early adopters initiated such production through governmental information provision and expected more profit than the adopters that followed.It was also found that non-economic reasons and information on stable markets for the certified products were crucial for both adopter groups.
