Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)w...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)with varying degrees of fibrosis,to cirrhosis,which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.Lifestyle and eating habit changes during the last century have made NAFLD the most common liver disease linked to obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia,with a global prevalence of 25%.NAFLD arises when the uptake of fatty acids(FA)and triglycerides(TG)from circulation and de novo lipogenesis saturate the rate of FAβ-oxidation and verylow density lipoprotein(VLDL)-TG export.Deranged lipid metabolism is also associated with NAFLD progression from steatosis to NASH,and therefore,alterations in liver and serum lipidomic signatures are good indicators of the disease’s development and progression.This review focuses on the importance of the classification of NAFLD patients into different subtypes,corresponding to the main alteration(s)in the major pathways that regulate FA homeostasis leading,in each case,to the initiation and progression of NASH.This concept also supports the targeted intervention as a key approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and opens the door to the development of precise NASH treatments.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）, an pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to li...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）, an pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A close, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation, but also play an important intracellu- lar role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion. The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metab- olism, as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN)is one of the most common contaminating mycotoxins and is mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum.ZEN and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect animals'reproductive abilit...Zearalenone(ZEN)is one of the most common contaminating mycotoxins and is mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum.ZEN and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect animals'reproductive ability.Pigs are most susceptible to ZEN,and ZEN is less harmful to poultry than to pigs.The exact mechanism for the difference in susceptibility remains unclear.In this review,we summarized some possible reasons for the relative insensitivity of poultry to ZEN,such as the lower total amount ofα-zearalenol(α-ZOL)and theα-ZOL-to-β-ZOL ratio which reduce the toxicity of ZEN to poultry.The faster hepatic and enteric circulation,and excretion capacity in poultry can excrete more ZEN and its metab-olites.There are other possible factors such as the transformation of intestinal microorganisms,differ-ences in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases'activity,high estrogen levels,and low estrogen receptors affinity which can also cause poultry to be relatively insensitive to ZEN.In this review,we summarized the hazards,pollution status,metabolic pathways,and some measures to mitigate ZEN's harmfulness.Specifically,we discussed the possible mechanisms of low reproductive toxicity by ZEN in poultry.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture combined with low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on bone metabolism in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:The 60 SCI patients who met the inclus...Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture combined with low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on bone metabolism in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:The 60 SCI patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups by means of a random number table.In the control group,30 patients were treated with osteoporosis treatment apparatus.In the observation group,30 patients were treated with osteoporosis treatment apparatus and electroacupuncture at the foot-shaoyangacupoints [Yánglíngquán(阳陵泉GB 34) and Xuánzhōng(悬钟GB 39) of both sides].The treatment was applied once a day,5 days a week,for 8 weeks.Before and after treatment,the changes of indexes in the two groups,including the bone mineral density(BMD),bone gla-containing protein(BGP),serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP),procollagen type I C-peptide(PICP),and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D],were observed for comparison.Results:After treatment,in the two groups,the BMD and 25(OH)D indexes of the femoral neck,greater trochanter,and Ward’s triangle region were not significantly changed in comparing with those before treatment(P>0.05),while the BGP,ALP,and PICP indexes were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,in the observation group,the BGP and ALP indexes were significantly increased in comparing with those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),whilst the BMD,PICP,and 25(OH)D indexes of the femoral neck,greater trochanter,and wards triangle region,were not significantly different in comparing with the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The osteoporosis treatment apparatus can improve bone metabolism in SCI patients,and the curative effect can be enhanced when combined with electroacupuncture at foot-shaoyangacupoints.展开更多
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)with varying degrees of fibrosis,to cirrhosis,which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.Lifestyle and eating habit changes during the last century have made NAFLD the most common liver disease linked to obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia,with a global prevalence of 25%.NAFLD arises when the uptake of fatty acids(FA)and triglycerides(TG)from circulation and de novo lipogenesis saturate the rate of FAβ-oxidation and verylow density lipoprotein(VLDL)-TG export.Deranged lipid metabolism is also associated with NAFLD progression from steatosis to NASH,and therefore,alterations in liver and serum lipidomic signatures are good indicators of the disease’s development and progression.This review focuses on the importance of the classification of NAFLD patients into different subtypes,corresponding to the main alteration(s)in the major pathways that regulate FA homeostasis leading,in each case,to the initiation and progression of NASH.This concept also supports the targeted intervention as a key approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and opens the door to the development of precise NASH treatments.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）, an pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A close, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation, but also play an important intracellu- lar role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion. The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metab- olism, as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project no.2016YFD0501207)
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN)is one of the most common contaminating mycotoxins and is mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum.ZEN and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect animals'reproductive ability.Pigs are most susceptible to ZEN,and ZEN is less harmful to poultry than to pigs.The exact mechanism for the difference in susceptibility remains unclear.In this review,we summarized some possible reasons for the relative insensitivity of poultry to ZEN,such as the lower total amount ofα-zearalenol(α-ZOL)and theα-ZOL-to-β-ZOL ratio which reduce the toxicity of ZEN to poultry.The faster hepatic and enteric circulation,and excretion capacity in poultry can excrete more ZEN and its metab-olites.There are other possible factors such as the transformation of intestinal microorganisms,differ-ences in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases'activity,high estrogen levels,and low estrogen receptors affinity which can also cause poultry to be relatively insensitive to ZEN.In this review,we summarized the hazards,pollution status,metabolic pathways,and some measures to mitigate ZEN's harmfulness.Specifically,we discussed the possible mechanisms of low reproductive toxicity by ZEN in poultry.
基金Supported by Special fund project of science and technology innovation,Wanzhou district,Chongqing:wzstc-042017089。
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture combined with low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on bone metabolism in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:The 60 SCI patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups by means of a random number table.In the control group,30 patients were treated with osteoporosis treatment apparatus.In the observation group,30 patients were treated with osteoporosis treatment apparatus and electroacupuncture at the foot-shaoyangacupoints [Yánglíngquán(阳陵泉GB 34) and Xuánzhōng(悬钟GB 39) of both sides].The treatment was applied once a day,5 days a week,for 8 weeks.Before and after treatment,the changes of indexes in the two groups,including the bone mineral density(BMD),bone gla-containing protein(BGP),serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP),procollagen type I C-peptide(PICP),and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D],were observed for comparison.Results:After treatment,in the two groups,the BMD and 25(OH)D indexes of the femoral neck,greater trochanter,and Ward’s triangle region were not significantly changed in comparing with those before treatment(P>0.05),while the BGP,ALP,and PICP indexes were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,in the observation group,the BGP and ALP indexes were significantly increased in comparing with those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),whilst the BMD,PICP,and 25(OH)D indexes of the femoral neck,greater trochanter,and wards triangle region,were not significantly different in comparing with the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The osteoporosis treatment apparatus can improve bone metabolism in SCI patients,and the curative effect can be enhanced when combined with electroacupuncture at foot-shaoyangacupoints.
