The study characterized the biochemical changes associated with long term exposure to pesticides. Practical parameters of pesticides were collected using 500 questionnaires. Farmers having 10 years working period were...The study characterized the biochemical changes associated with long term exposure to pesticides. Practical parameters of pesticides were collected using 500 questionnaires. Farmers having 10 years working period were invited to a private clinic for blood sampling and enzyme analysis. All participants were male farmers of different age groups, and education levels. Occupational parameters indicated that majority of farmers used manual methods for pesticide works. About 130 pesticides are currently used in Gaza. Toxicological symptoms indicated that dizziness, headache, and nausea were dominant among farmers, whereas vomiting abdominal colic and tearing were less dominant. Acetyl Cholinesterase (ACHE) cumulatively inhibited among farmers after work whereas Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities were above range after long term exposure. It can be concluded that long term exposure to pesticides may damage liver and kidney cells resulting in hepatic-toxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.展开更多
The evolution of microstructure and the stress rupture properties of long term thermally exposed GH3535 alloy have been investigated. It was found that M6 C carbides presented in the solid solution heat treated sample...The evolution of microstructure and the stress rupture properties of long term thermally exposed GH3535 alloy have been investigated. It was found that M6 C carbides presented in the solid solution heat treated samples. During long term thermal exposure at 700 C, fine M12 C carbides precipitated preferentially at grain boundaries. These carbides coexisted with the pre-exiting M6 C. The stress rupture life of700 C/1000 h exposed sample under creep testing at 650 C/324 MPa is 93 h. It is much longer than that of the solid solution samples. No noticeable changes could be detected in both the microstructure and stress rupture lives when the samples were exposed for time longer than 1000 h M12 C carbides were found to be beneficial to the creep properties. The cracks initiated at the interface of M6 C carbides and matrix, which led to a lower creep rupture life.展开更多
文摘The study characterized the biochemical changes associated with long term exposure to pesticides. Practical parameters of pesticides were collected using 500 questionnaires. Farmers having 10 years working period were invited to a private clinic for blood sampling and enzyme analysis. All participants were male farmers of different age groups, and education levels. Occupational parameters indicated that majority of farmers used manual methods for pesticide works. About 130 pesticides are currently used in Gaza. Toxicological symptoms indicated that dizziness, headache, and nausea were dominant among farmers, whereas vomiting abdominal colic and tearing were less dominant. Acetyl Cholinesterase (ACHE) cumulatively inhibited among farmers after work whereas Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities were above range after long term exposure. It can be concluded that long term exposure to pesticides may damage liver and kidney cells resulting in hepatic-toxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA020404040)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2012AA03A511)
文摘The evolution of microstructure and the stress rupture properties of long term thermally exposed GH3535 alloy have been investigated. It was found that M6 C carbides presented in the solid solution heat treated samples. During long term thermal exposure at 700 C, fine M12 C carbides precipitated preferentially at grain boundaries. These carbides coexisted with the pre-exiting M6 C. The stress rupture life of700 C/1000 h exposed sample under creep testing at 650 C/324 MPa is 93 h. It is much longer than that of the solid solution samples. No noticeable changes could be detected in both the microstructure and stress rupture lives when the samples were exposed for time longer than 1000 h M12 C carbides were found to be beneficial to the creep properties. The cracks initiated at the interface of M6 C carbides and matrix, which led to a lower creep rupture life.
