Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory of the universe suggestive of a mean value theory similar to thermodynamics prior to the introduction of the atomic theory. If QM will follow a similar path to thermodynamic...Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory of the universe suggestive of a mean value theory similar to thermodynamics prior to the introduction of the atomic theory. If QM will follow a similar path to thermodynamics, then a local deterministic theory must be developed which matches QM predictions. There have been four tough barriers to a local theory of light, of which Bell’s Theorem has been considered the ultimate barrier. The other three barriers are explaining spontaneous emission, the reflection of a small fraction of light at a dielectric interface and the splitting action of a polarizer on polarized light (Malus’ Law). The challenge is that in a local theory of light, everything must have a specific cause and effect. There can be nothing spontaneous or hidden. Local solutions to all four of these barriers are presented in this paper, integrating results from two previous papers and adding the solution paths to the third and fourth barriers as well, which are nearly identical. A previous paper [1] used results from Einstein’s famous 1917 paper on stimulated emission to provide a deterministic local model for spontaneous emission. A second paper [2] showed that QM predictions in tests of Bell’s theorem could be matched with a local model by modifying the definition of entanglement in a manner invisible to quantum mechanics. This paper summarizes and extends those two results and then presents a deterministic model of reflection from a dielectric interface and transmission of polarized light through a polarizer that both match quantum mechanics. As the framework of a local theory of light emerges, it is not surprising that we find corners of physics where small disagreements with quantum mechanics are predicted. A new Bell type test is described in this paper which can distinguish the local from the nonlocal theory, giving predictions that must disagree slightly but significantly with quantum mechanics. If such experiments are proven to disagree with quantum mechanics, then the door to a local theo展开更多
Bell’s theorem, first presented by John Bell in 1964, has been used for many years to prove that no classical theory can ever match verified quantum mechanical predictions for entangled particles. By relaxing the def...Bell’s theorem, first presented by John Bell in 1964, has been used for many years to prove that no classical theory can ever match verified quantum mechanical predictions for entangled particles. By relaxing the definition of entangled slightly, we have found a mathematical solution for two entangled photons that produces the familiar quantum mechanical counting statistics without requiring a non-local theory such as quantum mechanics. This solution neither is claimed to be unique nor represents an accurate model of photonic interactions. However, it is an existence proof that there are local models of photonic emission that can reproduce quantum statistics.展开更多
We are all taught that there are only two polarizations of light because Maxwell’s equations only support two polarizations. This is mathematically true for the electromagnetic fields, but we have learned since the d...We are all taught that there are only two polarizations of light because Maxwell’s equations only support two polarizations. This is mathematically true for the electromagnetic fields, but we have learned since the days of Maxwell that the “real” electromagnetic field is not the electromagnetic field tensor Fμv (composed of Electric and Magnetic field terms) but rather the electromagnetic vector potential Aμ. When considered carefully, this requires a third polarization of light with very unusual properties. This third polarization of light does not generate electric or magnetic fields but should be detectable by its impact on supercurrents or quantum interference. It is also unavoidable since it automatically appears under Lorentz transformations to different moving frames.展开更多
文摘Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory of the universe suggestive of a mean value theory similar to thermodynamics prior to the introduction of the atomic theory. If QM will follow a similar path to thermodynamics, then a local deterministic theory must be developed which matches QM predictions. There have been four tough barriers to a local theory of light, of which Bell’s Theorem has been considered the ultimate barrier. The other three barriers are explaining spontaneous emission, the reflection of a small fraction of light at a dielectric interface and the splitting action of a polarizer on polarized light (Malus’ Law). The challenge is that in a local theory of light, everything must have a specific cause and effect. There can be nothing spontaneous or hidden. Local solutions to all four of these barriers are presented in this paper, integrating results from two previous papers and adding the solution paths to the third and fourth barriers as well, which are nearly identical. A previous paper [1] used results from Einstein’s famous 1917 paper on stimulated emission to provide a deterministic local model for spontaneous emission. A second paper [2] showed that QM predictions in tests of Bell’s theorem could be matched with a local model by modifying the definition of entanglement in a manner invisible to quantum mechanics. This paper summarizes and extends those two results and then presents a deterministic model of reflection from a dielectric interface and transmission of polarized light through a polarizer that both match quantum mechanics. As the framework of a local theory of light emerges, it is not surprising that we find corners of physics where small disagreements with quantum mechanics are predicted. A new Bell type test is described in this paper which can distinguish the local from the nonlocal theory, giving predictions that must disagree slightly but significantly with quantum mechanics. If such experiments are proven to disagree with quantum mechanics, then the door to a local theo
文摘Bell’s theorem, first presented by John Bell in 1964, has been used for many years to prove that no classical theory can ever match verified quantum mechanical predictions for entangled particles. By relaxing the definition of entangled slightly, we have found a mathematical solution for two entangled photons that produces the familiar quantum mechanical counting statistics without requiring a non-local theory such as quantum mechanics. This solution neither is claimed to be unique nor represents an accurate model of photonic interactions. However, it is an existence proof that there are local models of photonic emission that can reproduce quantum statistics.
文摘We are all taught that there are only two polarizations of light because Maxwell’s equations only support two polarizations. This is mathematically true for the electromagnetic fields, but we have learned since the days of Maxwell that the “real” electromagnetic field is not the electromagnetic field tensor Fμv (composed of Electric and Magnetic field terms) but rather the electromagnetic vector potential Aμ. When considered carefully, this requires a third polarization of light with very unusual properties. This third polarization of light does not generate electric or magnetic fields but should be detectable by its impact on supercurrents or quantum interference. It is also unavoidable since it automatically appears under Lorentz transformations to different moving frames.
