Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is a surgical procedure that has gained popularity due to its potential benefits over traditional coronary artery bypass grafting, including reduced morbidi...Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is a surgical procedure that has gained popularity due to its potential benefits over traditional coronary artery bypass grafting, including reduced morbidity and mortality. However, sternal wound complication (SWC) remains challenging following the procedure. The technique of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting has been shown to impact the incidence of SWC. This study aimed to compare the incidence of SWC between two techniques of LIMA harvesting, i.e., skeletonized and pedicled. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, and included 60 patients who underwent OPCAB. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each based on the technique of LIMA harvesting used, i.e., skeletonized (group A) or pedicled (group B). The postoperative ICU care was given to each patient as per the protocol. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.0 for Windows software. Results: The results showed that 5 (8.33%) patients developed SWC, with 1 (1.67%) patient in group A and 4 (6.66%) patients in group B. However, the occurrence of SWC was not statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.35). The mean age, gender distribution, and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The number of smokers was statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.03), and the occurrence of SWC was found to be higher in smoker patients in group B (p = 0.04). Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as duration of operation, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of chest drains, duration of the central venous line, and amount of postoperative mediastinal bleeding were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The distribution of wound complications, duration of ICU stays, and hospital stay between the two groups was also not statistically signifi展开更多
（E）-β-Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene compound widely distributed in plants and functions in plant defence. However, little is known about the sequence and function of （E）-β-caryophyllene synthase in lima bean ...（E）-β-Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene compound widely distributed in plants and functions in plant defence. However, little is known about the sequence and function of （E）-β-caryophyllene synthase in lima bean （Phaseolus lunatus）. Here, we report a new full-length cDNA （PICAHS） encoding （E）-β-caryophyllene synthase, a possible key enzyme of plant defence. The cDNA of PICAHS contains an open reading frame of 1 761 bp, encoding a protein of 586 amino acids with a predicted mass of 67.95 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 52% identity with sesquiterpene synthase MtCAHS of Med- icago truncatula. Based on phylogenetic analysis, PICAHS is classified as the terpene synthases （TPS）-a subfamily. The recombinant enzyme, expressed in Escherichia coil, catalysed the formation of a major product （E）-β-caryophyllene （82%） and a minor product a-humulene （18%） from farnesyl dJphosphate. Real-time quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis found that the PICAHS transcript was significantly up-regulated in leaves after treatment with spider mites and alamethicin （ALA）, suggesting its ecological function in plant defence.展开更多
Introduction: Here we will describe the actual surgical technique to perform the left mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery, and the results of this operation in the Benetti Foundation in the la...Introduction: Here we will describe the actual surgical technique to perform the left mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery, and the results of this operation in the Benetti Foundation in the last 20 years. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria for this operation were patients with a demonstrated predominant ischemia by functional test. In the patients with double, triple vessels disease or left main, the age was more than 65 years or and Euro score Risk of surgery of more than 4. The exclusion criteria were patients with more areas of ischemia and lesions that involved a considerable territory apart from the Lad and good candidates for surgery are younger than 65 years or the Euro score Risk of surgery were less than 4. Seventy patients were operated in the Foundation through LIMA to LAD Anastomosis with the MINI OPCABG technique. The average Preoperative Risk Euroscore was 3,5. Surgical Technique after open the lower part of the sternum, the left mammary artery is dissected around 8 cm. The pericardium is open and the mammary is connected to the left anterior descending. Results: Operative mortality in this series was 0%. One patient was converted to sternotomy Off Pump (1, 4%). None of the grafts were revised after the measure with the Medistim System. 55 (79%) were extubated in the operating room. The average Hospitalization stay were 60 hours (D +_17 ci 95%), 16 patients with Lima to LAD were restudied in the initially experience with 100% patency, at 144 months, 82% of the patients were alive and 68% asymptomatic. Conclusion: More clinical experience is important to find the definitive indications of this technique;and better technologies are required to be able to standardize this operation in definitive form.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Be...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Beijing City during 2008 -2009 to study the digestion dynamics and the final residue of man- cozeb in C. annuum and soil, and gas chromatography was used for quantitative analysis. [ Result]The average recovery rates of mancozeb in C. annuum and soil were 86.59%-93.03% and 92.57%-95.14%, respectively. Mancozeb had rapid digestion in C. annuum and soft with the half-life of 2.29 -4.65 and 4.01 - 4.65 d, respectively. When metalaxyl-M,mancozeb water dispersible granule was sprayed in C. annuum according to the recommend dose （ spraying for no more than three times with the spraying interval of 5 d）, the final residue of maneozeb in C. annuum collected in the third day after the last spraying was less than 2 mg/kg.展开更多
Lima bean is a legume belonging to Fabaceae family cultivated for edible seeds known to generic name of “haricot”. In C<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:normal;font-f...Lima bean is a legume belonging to Fabaceae family cultivated for edible seeds known to generic name of “haricot”. In C<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span></span>te d’Ivoire, it’s cultivated on small scale in rural zone by local farmers. The main objective of this study was to document and collect local varieties of Lima beans (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Phaseolus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lunatus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) grown in C<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire in order to define efficient strategies for better conservation, preservation and improvement of its genetic resources. Investigations were carried out in seventeen localities of C<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire from November 2018 to September 2020. A total of 433 accessions were collected. Based on seed coat color, nineteen morphological types were identified. The length of seeds is ranged from 10 mm to 23 mm. The width of seeds varies from 7 mm and 15 mm. The 100-Seeds-weight are ranged from 31 g to 120 g. Comparison using analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the nineteen morphological types of common bean. Two morphological types were observed: large seed cultivars and small seed cultivars. Data showed that the species studied have a good market potential. Thus, their promotion can contribute to the economic well-being of farmers due to their cultural and culinary importance.</span>展开更多
The use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries to treat coronary artery disease is very less despite of improved long-term survival. In this case report</span><span style="font-family:"">,&...The use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries to treat coronary artery disease is very less despite of improved long-term survival. In this case report</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> a patient presented with TVD has been managed with anaortic off-pump complete arterial revascularization (OPCABG) by using composite LIMA RIMA Y Sequential 5 grafts to achieve complete arterial revascularization successfully. This type of operative procedure is technically difficult in a resource poor country like Bangladesh. However, this has been done by a group of young cardiac surgeon. During follow up</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> the patient is in a good condition.展开更多
Legumes, in symbiotic association with Rhizobia, are able to fix atmospheric N. Six local lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) cultivars were grown under rainfed conditions in a coastal savannah environment. Objectives of th...Legumes, in symbiotic association with Rhizobia, are able to fix atmospheric N. Six local lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) cultivars were grown under rainfed conditions in a coastal savannah environment. Objectives of the study were to evaluate the nodulation and fixed atmospheric N levels of the six local lima bean cultivars using both the 15N isotope dilution method and N difference method (NDM). The linear relationship between fixed atmospheric N estimated using the 15N isotope dilution method and NDM, was also assessed. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with seven treatments, comprising six lima bean cultivars (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6) and the early maturing local maize variety, “Doke”, as the reference crop. Total, effective nodules (EN) and non-effective nodules (NEN) were determined on 42 and 56 days after planting (DAP). The 15N isotopic dilution method and NDM were used to quantify the fixed atmospheric N by the lima bean cultivars on 60 DAP. Effective root nodules per plant (EN) on 56 DAP ranged from 0.71 to 1.22, with the lima bean cultivar B4 having the highest value and cultivars B2 and B5 having the lowest value of EN, respectively. Similarly on 56 DAP, the lima bean cultivar B4 had the highest NEN value while cultivars B1, B2 and B5 had the lowest NEN value of 0.71 per plant. The mean fixed atmospheric N was 8.98 kg·ha-1, based on the 15N isotope dilution method, which was lower than 10.13 kg·ha-1 of fixed atmospheric N determined using NDM. The linear relationship between fixed atmospheric N estimated using the 15N isotope dilution method and that estimated using the NDM, was positive but of average quality as the R2 value was 0.56. Consequently, the linear model obtained from this relationship is moderate as 56% of the data used for the linear regression analysis were accounted for by the linear regression model developed. However, NDM could be used for fast screening to select lima bean cultivars for a more detailed study 展开更多
Physical properties, chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids profile and anti-nutritional factors </span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span>&l...Physical properties, chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids profile and anti-nutritional factors </span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">i.e.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';"> phytic acid, tannins and trypsin inhibitor of lima bean seeds </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Phaseolus lunatus</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';">) which newly cultivated in Egypt were investigated. Addition to study the effect of common processing methods (soaking, cooking, roasting, and dehulling) on the chemical composition, minerals content and anti-nutritional factors of lima bean seeds in order to be used in biscuit preparation. Results showed that protein content was significantly (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">P</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';"> ≤ 0.05) increased in dehulled Lima bean (27.06%) compared to raw lima bean (26.02%). All processing methods significantly (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">P</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';"> ≤ 0.05) increased Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF), however soaked seeds contained the highest significant Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) (30.18%) and Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) (22.15%). Raw lima bean was superior in calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper, and zinc compared with all processed samples. Raw lima bean had a higher content of all essential amino acids, except methionine compared to wheat flour of 72% extraction rate. The effect of different processing me展开更多
Several protein sources can be used to produce bioactive peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibittory activity. Protein concentrates from ungerminated and germinated lima bean Phaseolus lunatus seed...Several protein sources can be used to produce bioactive peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibittory activity. Protein concentrates from ungerminated and germinated lima bean Phaseolus lunatus seed flours were hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L or pepsin-pancreatin sequential hydrolysis, and ACE inhibitory activity measured in the different hydrolysis treatments. Protein hydrolysate production was analyzed with a 23 factorial design with four replicates of the central treatment. Evaluated factors were protein concentrate source (ungerminated seeds, PC1;germinated seeds, PC2), enzyme/substrate ratio E/S (1/50 or 1/10) and hydrolysis time (0.5 or 2.0 h for Alcalase;1 or 3 h for pepsin-pancreatin). Degree of hydrolysis (DH) was high for the Alcalase hydrolysates (24.12% 58.94%), but the pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.250 0.692 mg/mL). Under the tested conditions, the hydrolysates with the highest ACE inhibitory activity were produced with sequential pepsin-pancreatin using either PC1 at 1 h hydrolysis time and a 1/10 E/S ratio or PC2 at 1 h hydrolysis time and a 1/50 E/S ratio. Lima bean protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase or pepsin-pancreatin are a potential ingredient in the production of physiologically functional foods with antihypertensive activity.展开更多
The effects of different types of ultraviolet(UV)radiation(UVR,wavelength=280-400 nm)and light intensities on cell growth,pigment composition,UV-absorbing compounds(UVACs),and chlorophyll a(Chl a)fluorescence were stu...The effects of different types of ultraviolet(UV)radiation(UVR,wavelength=280-400 nm)and light intensities on cell growth,pigment composition,UV-absorbing compounds(UVACs),and chlorophyll a(Chl a)fluorescence were studied in dinoflag-ellate Prorocentrum lima cultured outdoors for 16 days and indoors for 18 days.In the outdoor experiment,UVA radiation(320-400 nm)increased the growth rate of this dinoflagellate when solar light intensities were<12%;decreased growth rates were observed when intensities were>12%.Exposure to UVB radiation(280-320 nm)alleviated the negative effects of UVA.In the indoor ex-periment,UVA and low doses of UVB enhanced growth rates.Addition of low doses of UVB to UVA exposure resulted in higher contents of Chl a and photoprotective pigments compared with UVA exposure only.The results of both experiments showed that UVB is the primary signal of UVAC synthesis.High-dose UVB exposure accelerated growth rates when UVAC contents were maintained at high levels,suggesting that the latter plays a key role in UVR damage protection.Furthermore,the repair rate was en-hanced by UVB exposure after 16 days of culture.This study confirms the positive effects of UVA and UVB on the growth of P.lima,with the latter enhancing the photoprotective and recovery pathways of the species.展开更多
This study focused on daily variations and harmful algal bloom features of toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima(Ehrenberg)F.Stein(P.lima),1878 in middle summer period(9th July-6th August 2013)in the Dardanelles.Harm...This study focused on daily variations and harmful algal bloom features of toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima(Ehrenberg)F.Stein(P.lima),1878 in middle summer period(9th July-6th August 2013)in the Dardanelles.Harmful algal bloom of P.lima was recorded for the first time in the Turkish Straits System.Density of P.lima reached to 2.40×10^(6)cells/L and exhibited four excessive blooms over 1.0×10^(6)cells/L during the study.The contribution of P.lima to both Prorocentrum spp.and dinoflagellates reached to 100%,particularly at the moment of the harmful algal bloom attested by regresion(R≥0.70)and correlation findings(R≥0.80).Nutrient concentrations were lower than previous levels due to excessive blooms.Concentrations of NO^(-)_(2)+NO^(-)_(3),PO^(-3)_(4)and SiO_(4)varied between 0.20 and 0.78μmol/L[(0.44±0.17)μmol/L],0.08 and 0.18μmol/L[(0.12±0.03)μmol/L]and 0.25 and 0.65μmol/L[(0.41±0.09)μmol/L]respectively.During the bloom,nutrient ratios were more different than redfield ratios due to eutrophication(NO^(-)_(2)+NO^(-)_(3)/PO^(-3)_(4)=4.04±1.74;SiO_(4)/PO^(-3)_(4)=3.79±1.24;SiO_(4)/NO^(-)_(2)+NO^(-)_(3)=1.04±0.36).Chlorophyll a concentration reached to 8.52μg/L(average:4.82±2.29 mg/L)in the bloom period.Temperature[(24.70±0.44)°C],salinity[(22.9±0.49)ppt],pH(8.23±0.15)and dissolved oxygen levels(7.35±0.60 mg/L)were approximately constant.The compact bloom of P.lima,similar to excessive blooms of other dinoflagellates and diatoms,was associated not only with eutrophication,but also with ocean warming interactions.Results revealed that it will be possible to reach to millions of cell number of P.lima(2.40×10^(6)cells/L)in eutrophied waters characterized by high chlorophyll a biomass(8.52μg/L).展开更多
文摘Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is a surgical procedure that has gained popularity due to its potential benefits over traditional coronary artery bypass grafting, including reduced morbidity and mortality. However, sternal wound complication (SWC) remains challenging following the procedure. The technique of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting has been shown to impact the incidence of SWC. This study aimed to compare the incidence of SWC between two techniques of LIMA harvesting, i.e., skeletonized and pedicled. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, and included 60 patients who underwent OPCAB. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each based on the technique of LIMA harvesting used, i.e., skeletonized (group A) or pedicled (group B). The postoperative ICU care was given to each patient as per the protocol. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.0 for Windows software. Results: The results showed that 5 (8.33%) patients developed SWC, with 1 (1.67%) patient in group A and 4 (6.66%) patients in group B. However, the occurrence of SWC was not statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.35). The mean age, gender distribution, and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The number of smokers was statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.03), and the occurrence of SWC was found to be higher in smoker patients in group B (p = 0.04). Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as duration of operation, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of chest drains, duration of the central venous line, and amount of postoperative mediastinal bleeding were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The distribution of wound complications, duration of ICU stays, and hospital stay between the two groups was also not statistically signifi
基金funded by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2013DFG32230)the Major Project of Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding,China (2016ZX08010005)
文摘（E）-β-Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene compound widely distributed in plants and functions in plant defence. However, little is known about the sequence and function of （E）-β-caryophyllene synthase in lima bean （Phaseolus lunatus）. Here, we report a new full-length cDNA （PICAHS） encoding （E）-β-caryophyllene synthase, a possible key enzyme of plant defence. The cDNA of PICAHS contains an open reading frame of 1 761 bp, encoding a protein of 586 amino acids with a predicted mass of 67.95 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 52% identity with sesquiterpene synthase MtCAHS of Med- icago truncatula. Based on phylogenetic analysis, PICAHS is classified as the terpene synthases （TPS）-a subfamily. The recombinant enzyme, expressed in Escherichia coil, catalysed the formation of a major product （E）-β-caryophyllene （82%） and a minor product a-humulene （18%） from farnesyl dJphosphate. Real-time quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis found that the PICAHS transcript was significantly up-regulated in leaves after treatment with spider mites and alamethicin （ALA）, suggesting its ecological function in plant defence.
文摘Introduction: Here we will describe the actual surgical technique to perform the left mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery, and the results of this operation in the Benetti Foundation in the last 20 years. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria for this operation were patients with a demonstrated predominant ischemia by functional test. In the patients with double, triple vessels disease or left main, the age was more than 65 years or and Euro score Risk of surgery of more than 4. The exclusion criteria were patients with more areas of ischemia and lesions that involved a considerable territory apart from the Lad and good candidates for surgery are younger than 65 years or the Euro score Risk of surgery were less than 4. Seventy patients were operated in the Foundation through LIMA to LAD Anastomosis with the MINI OPCABG technique. The average Preoperative Risk Euroscore was 3,5. Surgical Technique after open the lower part of the sternum, the left mammary artery is dissected around 8 cm. The pericardium is open and the mammary is connected to the left anterior descending. Results: Operative mortality in this series was 0%. One patient was converted to sternotomy Off Pump (1, 4%). None of the grafts were revised after the measure with the Medistim System. 55 (79%) were extubated in the operating room. The average Hospitalization stay were 60 hours (D +_17 ci 95%), 16 patients with Lima to LAD were restudied in the initially experience with 100% patency, at 144 months, 82% of the patients were alive and 68% asymptomatic. Conclusion: More clinical experience is important to find the definitive indications of this technique;and better technologies are required to be able to standardize this operation in definitive form.
基金Supported by Pesticide Residues Fund of Department of Agriculture (NCR2008036)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Beijing City during 2008 -2009 to study the digestion dynamics and the final residue of man- cozeb in C. annuum and soil, and gas chromatography was used for quantitative analysis. [ Result]The average recovery rates of mancozeb in C. annuum and soil were 86.59%-93.03% and 92.57%-95.14%, respectively. Mancozeb had rapid digestion in C. annuum and soft with the half-life of 2.29 -4.65 and 4.01 - 4.65 d, respectively. When metalaxyl-M,mancozeb water dispersible granule was sprayed in C. annuum according to the recommend dose （ spraying for no more than three times with the spraying interval of 5 d）, the final residue of maneozeb in C. annuum collected in the third day after the last spraying was less than 2 mg/kg.
文摘Lima bean is a legume belonging to Fabaceae family cultivated for edible seeds known to generic name of “haricot”. In C<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span></span>te d’Ivoire, it’s cultivated on small scale in rural zone by local farmers. The main objective of this study was to document and collect local varieties of Lima beans (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Phaseolus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lunatus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) grown in C<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire in order to define efficient strategies for better conservation, preservation and improvement of its genetic resources. Investigations were carried out in seventeen localities of C<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire from November 2018 to September 2020. A total of 433 accessions were collected. Based on seed coat color, nineteen morphological types were identified. The length of seeds is ranged from 10 mm to 23 mm. The width of seeds varies from 7 mm and 15 mm. The 100-Seeds-weight are ranged from 31 g to 120 g. Comparison using analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the nineteen morphological types of common bean. Two morphological types were observed: large seed cultivars and small seed cultivars. Data showed that the species studied have a good market potential. Thus, their promotion can contribute to the economic well-being of farmers due to their cultural and culinary importance.</span>
文摘The use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries to treat coronary artery disease is very less despite of improved long-term survival. In this case report</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> a patient presented with TVD has been managed with anaortic off-pump complete arterial revascularization (OPCABG) by using composite LIMA RIMA Y Sequential 5 grafts to achieve complete arterial revascularization successfully. This type of operative procedure is technically difficult in a resource poor country like Bangladesh. However, this has been done by a group of young cardiac surgeon. During follow up</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> the patient is in a good condition.
文摘Legumes, in symbiotic association with Rhizobia, are able to fix atmospheric N. Six local lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) cultivars were grown under rainfed conditions in a coastal savannah environment. Objectives of the study were to evaluate the nodulation and fixed atmospheric N levels of the six local lima bean cultivars using both the 15N isotope dilution method and N difference method (NDM). The linear relationship between fixed atmospheric N estimated using the 15N isotope dilution method and NDM, was also assessed. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with seven treatments, comprising six lima bean cultivars (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6) and the early maturing local maize variety, “Doke”, as the reference crop. Total, effective nodules (EN) and non-effective nodules (NEN) were determined on 42 and 56 days after planting (DAP). The 15N isotopic dilution method and NDM were used to quantify the fixed atmospheric N by the lima bean cultivars on 60 DAP. Effective root nodules per plant (EN) on 56 DAP ranged from 0.71 to 1.22, with the lima bean cultivar B4 having the highest value and cultivars B2 and B5 having the lowest value of EN, respectively. Similarly on 56 DAP, the lima bean cultivar B4 had the highest NEN value while cultivars B1, B2 and B5 had the lowest NEN value of 0.71 per plant. The mean fixed atmospheric N was 8.98 kg·ha-1, based on the 15N isotope dilution method, which was lower than 10.13 kg·ha-1 of fixed atmospheric N determined using NDM. The linear relationship between fixed atmospheric N estimated using the 15N isotope dilution method and that estimated using the NDM, was positive but of average quality as the R2 value was 0.56. Consequently, the linear model obtained from this relationship is moderate as 56% of the data used for the linear regression analysis were accounted for by the linear regression model developed. However, NDM could be used for fast screening to select lima bean cultivars for a more detailed study
文摘Physical properties, chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids profile and anti-nutritional factors </span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">i.e.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';"> phytic acid, tannins and trypsin inhibitor of lima bean seeds </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Phaseolus lunatus</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';">) which newly cultivated in Egypt were investigated. Addition to study the effect of common processing methods (soaking, cooking, roasting, and dehulling) on the chemical composition, minerals content and anti-nutritional factors of lima bean seeds in order to be used in biscuit preparation. Results showed that protein content was significantly (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">P</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';"> ≤ 0.05) increased in dehulled Lima bean (27.06%) compared to raw lima bean (26.02%). All processing methods significantly (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span><i></i></span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">P</span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><span></span></span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt';"> ≤ 0.05) increased Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF), however soaked seeds contained the highest significant Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) (30.18%) and Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) (22.15%). Raw lima bean was superior in calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper, and zinc compared with all processed samples. Raw lima bean had a higher content of all essential amino acids, except methionine compared to wheat flour of 72% extraction rate. The effect of different processing me
基金This research was partially funded by the Consejo Na-cional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACYT),Project“Ciencia Básica 25796”and SIP-IPN(projects:20060445,20070800,and 20082532).
文摘Several protein sources can be used to produce bioactive peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibittory activity. Protein concentrates from ungerminated and germinated lima bean Phaseolus lunatus seed flours were hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L or pepsin-pancreatin sequential hydrolysis, and ACE inhibitory activity measured in the different hydrolysis treatments. Protein hydrolysate production was analyzed with a 23 factorial design with four replicates of the central treatment. Evaluated factors were protein concentrate source (ungerminated seeds, PC1;germinated seeds, PC2), enzyme/substrate ratio E/S (1/50 or 1/10) and hydrolysis time (0.5 or 2.0 h for Alcalase;1 or 3 h for pepsin-pancreatin). Degree of hydrolysis (DH) was high for the Alcalase hydrolysates (24.12% 58.94%), but the pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.250 0.692 mg/mL). Under the tested conditions, the hydrolysates with the highest ACE inhibitory activity were produced with sequential pepsin-pancreatin using either PC1 at 1 h hydrolysis time and a 1/10 E/S ratio or PC2 at 1 h hydrolysis time and a 1/50 E/S ratio. Lima bean protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase or pepsin-pancreatin are a potential ingredient in the production of physiologically functional foods with antihypertensive activity.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Nos.41706126,41876173 and 41606176).
文摘The effects of different types of ultraviolet(UV)radiation(UVR,wavelength=280-400 nm)and light intensities on cell growth,pigment composition,UV-absorbing compounds(UVACs),and chlorophyll a(Chl a)fluorescence were studied in dinoflag-ellate Prorocentrum lima cultured outdoors for 16 days and indoors for 18 days.In the outdoor experiment,UVA radiation(320-400 nm)increased the growth rate of this dinoflagellate when solar light intensities were<12%;decreased growth rates were observed when intensities were>12%.Exposure to UVB radiation(280-320 nm)alleviated the negative effects of UVA.In the indoor ex-periment,UVA and low doses of UVB enhanced growth rates.Addition of low doses of UVB to UVA exposure resulted in higher contents of Chl a and photoprotective pigments compared with UVA exposure only.The results of both experiments showed that UVB is the primary signal of UVAC synthesis.High-dose UVB exposure accelerated growth rates when UVAC contents were maintained at high levels,suggesting that the latter plays a key role in UVR damage protection.Furthermore,the repair rate was en-hanced by UVB exposure after 16 days of culture.This study confirms the positive effects of UVA and UVB on the growth of P.lima,with the latter enhancing the photoprotective and recovery pathways of the species.
文摘This study focused on daily variations and harmful algal bloom features of toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima(Ehrenberg)F.Stein(P.lima),1878 in middle summer period(9th July-6th August 2013)in the Dardanelles.Harmful algal bloom of P.lima was recorded for the first time in the Turkish Straits System.Density of P.lima reached to 2.40×10^(6)cells/L and exhibited four excessive blooms over 1.0×10^(6)cells/L during the study.The contribution of P.lima to both Prorocentrum spp.and dinoflagellates reached to 100%,particularly at the moment of the harmful algal bloom attested by regresion(R≥0.70)and correlation findings(R≥0.80).Nutrient concentrations were lower than previous levels due to excessive blooms.Concentrations of NO^(-)_(2)+NO^(-)_(3),PO^(-3)_(4)and SiO_(4)varied between 0.20 and 0.78μmol/L[(0.44±0.17)μmol/L],0.08 and 0.18μmol/L[(0.12±0.03)μmol/L]and 0.25 and 0.65μmol/L[(0.41±0.09)μmol/L]respectively.During the bloom,nutrient ratios were more different than redfield ratios due to eutrophication(NO^(-)_(2)+NO^(-)_(3)/PO^(-3)_(4)=4.04±1.74;SiO_(4)/PO^(-3)_(4)=3.79±1.24;SiO_(4)/NO^(-)_(2)+NO^(-)_(3)=1.04±0.36).Chlorophyll a concentration reached to 8.52μg/L(average:4.82±2.29 mg/L)in the bloom period.Temperature[(24.70±0.44)°C],salinity[(22.9±0.49)ppt],pH(8.23±0.15)and dissolved oxygen levels(7.35±0.60 mg/L)were approximately constant.The compact bloom of P.lima,similar to excessive blooms of other dinoflagellates and diatoms,was associated not only with eutrophication,but also with ocean warming interactions.Results revealed that it will be possible to reach to millions of cell number of P.lima(2.40×10^(6)cells/L)in eutrophied waters characterized by high chlorophyll a biomass(8.52μg/L).
