PM2.5 and total suspended particulate （TSP） samples were collected at Lijiang, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Sixteen elements （Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Sb, Pb and Cu） were analyzed ...PM2.5 and total suspended particulate （TSP） samples were collected at Lijiang, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Sixteen elements （Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Sb, Pb and Cu） were analyzed to investigate their elemental compositions during the pre-monsoon period. The results showed that Ca was the most abundant element in both PM2.5 and TSP samples. The enrichment factors （EFs） ofSi, Ti, Ca, Fe, K and Mn were all below 10 for both PM2.5 and TSP, and these elements also had lower PM2.5/TSP ratios （0.32-0.34）, suggesting that they were mainly derived from crustal sources. Elements Cu, Zn, S, Br and Sb showed strong enrichment in PM2.5 and TSP samples, with their PM2.5/TSP ratios ranging from 0.66 to 0.97, indicating that they were enriched in the fine fractions and influenced by anthropogenic sources. Analysis of the wind field at 500 hPa and calculations of back trajectories indicated that Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn and Fe can be influenced by transport from northwestern China during the dust-storm season, and that S, K, Ni, Br and Pb reached high concentrations during westerly transport from south Asia. Combined with the principle component analysis and correlation analysis, elements of PM2.5 samples were mainly from crustal sources, biomass burning emissions and regional traffic-related sources.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC40925009 and 40801028)projects from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.0929011018,KZCX2-YW-BR-10 and KZCX2-YW-148)the Ministry of Science & Technology (2009IM030100)
文摘PM2.5 and total suspended particulate （TSP） samples were collected at Lijiang, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Sixteen elements （Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Sb, Pb and Cu） were analyzed to investigate their elemental compositions during the pre-monsoon period. The results showed that Ca was the most abundant element in both PM2.5 and TSP samples. The enrichment factors （EFs） ofSi, Ti, Ca, Fe, K and Mn were all below 10 for both PM2.5 and TSP, and these elements also had lower PM2.5/TSP ratios （0.32-0.34）, suggesting that they were mainly derived from crustal sources. Elements Cu, Zn, S, Br and Sb showed strong enrichment in PM2.5 and TSP samples, with their PM2.5/TSP ratios ranging from 0.66 to 0.97, indicating that they were enriched in the fine fractions and influenced by anthropogenic sources. Analysis of the wind field at 500 hPa and calculations of back trajectories indicated that Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn and Fe can be influenced by transport from northwestern China during the dust-storm season, and that S, K, Ni, Br and Pb reached high concentrations during westerly transport from south Asia. Combined with the principle component analysis and correlation analysis, elements of PM2.5 samples were mainly from crustal sources, biomass burning emissions and regional traffic-related sources.
文摘丽江市是中国大型真菌资源最丰富、产菌时间最长的地区之一,通过实地调查、收集、整理,鉴定出2亚门、4纲、44科、178属大型真菌,其中以冬虫夏草Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.、羊肚菌M orchellaspp.、松口蘑Tricholomaspp.、北风菌Lyophyllumspp.、猴头菌Hericium erinaceus(Bu ll.:Fr.)Pers、鸡油菌Cantharellus cibariusFr.、变绿红菇Russula virescens(Schaeff.)Fr.、鸡土从Ter-m itomycesspp.、金耳Trem ella aurantialbaBandon i et Zang.、松乳菇Lactarius deliciosus(Fr.)S.F.G ray.等珍稀野生菌最为著名,经济价值最大。并对该区大型真菌中重要种类进行了分析和评价,提出了丽江市大型真菌资源的合理开发利用和保护的意见和建议。
