The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for wa...The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.展开更多
The West Liao River Basin is the hub of ancient civilizations as well as the birthplace of rain-fed agriculture in Northern China. In the present study, based on 276 archaeological sites on the south bank of the Xar M...The West Liao River Basin is the hub of ancient civilizations as well as the birthplace of rain-fed agriculture in Northern China. In the present study, based on 276 archaeological sites on the south bank of the Xar Moron River, Northeastern China, we trace the changes in prehistoric cultures as well as the shifts in the spatial and temporal patterns of human settlement in the West Liao River Basin. Location information for those sites was obtained from fieldwork. Factors such as climate change, landform evolution of the Horqin Dunefield, and sub- sistence strategies practiced at the sites were extracted via the meta-analysis of published literature. Our results show that the Holocene Optimum promoted the emergence of Neolithic Culture on the south bank of the Xar Moron River. Monsoon failure might have caused the periodic collapse or transformation of prehistoric cultures at （6.5, 4.7, 3.9, and 3.0） kyr B.P., leaving spaces for new cultural types to develop after these gaps. The rise and fall of different cultures was also determined by subsistence strategies. The Xiaoheyan Culture, with mixed modes of subsistence, weakened after 4.7 kyr B.P., whereas the Upper Xiajiadian Culture, supported by sheep breeding, expanded after 3.0 kyr B.P. Global positioning system data obtained from the archaeological sites reveal that cultures with different subsistence strategies occupied distinct geographic regions. Humans who subsisted on hunting and gathering resided at higher altitudes during the Paleolithic Age （1074 m a.s.1.）. Mixed subsistence strategies led humans to settle down at 600-1000 m a.s.1. in the Neolithic Age. Agricultural activities caused humans to migrate to 400-800 m a.s.1, in the early Bronze Age, whereas livestock production shifted human activities to 800-1200 m a.s.l, in the late Bronze Age.展开更多
Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） is an indigenous and ecologically and economically important species in the Liao River area, but its identification and genetic diversity remain poorly understood. To evaluat...Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） is an indigenous and ecologically and economically important species in the Liao River area, but its identification and genetic diversity remain poorly understood. To evaluate the germplasm resources of this species, samples were collected from these locations： four sub-populations from the Liao River area and one population from the Yangtze River area; one primer was used to distinguish between the Liao River and the Yangtze River crabs. Thirteen loci were used for crab genetic diversity analysis, and basic statistics showed that the collecting samples were purebred in the Liao River area. The average observed heterozygosity （H0） of the Liao River population was 0.5931, and the expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.8064. The polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.7753, which showed that the Liao River population had high genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation index （FST） averaged 0.0342, meaning a low degree of differentiation; cluster analysis indicated that Hujia （HJ）, Xinli （XL） and Chenjia （CJ） sub-populations were allocated to the same cluster, while Baqiangzi （BQZ） sub-population was isolated. In summary, these data demonstrated that the crabs in the Liao River had high genetic diversity, but low genetic differentiation. Thus, the Liao River population had the potential for breeding selection. Furthermore, this study also provided valuable genetic information for the conservation of Chinese mitten crab.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Chinese National Special Science and Technology Programme of Water Pollution Control and Treatment "Techniqueof Watershed Aquatic Ecological Function Zoning and Quality Target Management" (No. 2008ZX07526)the Special Project of Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research "Estimation of Margin of Safety(MOS) of TMDL Based on Uncertainty Analysis" (No.2007KYYW32)
文摘The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.
基金Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 41301208 and 41321062）, Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （Grant No. 20130091120030）, Global Change Research Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2010CB950200）, Research Grants Council of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People＇s Republic of China （Grant No. HKU745113H）, and Hui Oi-Chow Trust Fund （Grant No. 201302172003）.
文摘The West Liao River Basin is the hub of ancient civilizations as well as the birthplace of rain-fed agriculture in Northern China. In the present study, based on 276 archaeological sites on the south bank of the Xar Moron River, Northeastern China, we trace the changes in prehistoric cultures as well as the shifts in the spatial and temporal patterns of human settlement in the West Liao River Basin. Location information for those sites was obtained from fieldwork. Factors such as climate change, landform evolution of the Horqin Dunefield, and sub- sistence strategies practiced at the sites were extracted via the meta-analysis of published literature. Our results show that the Holocene Optimum promoted the emergence of Neolithic Culture on the south bank of the Xar Moron River. Monsoon failure might have caused the periodic collapse or transformation of prehistoric cultures at （6.5, 4.7, 3.9, and 3.0） kyr B.P., leaving spaces for new cultural types to develop after these gaps. The rise and fall of different cultures was also determined by subsistence strategies. The Xiaoheyan Culture, with mixed modes of subsistence, weakened after 4.7 kyr B.P., whereas the Upper Xiajiadian Culture, supported by sheep breeding, expanded after 3.0 kyr B.P. Global positioning system data obtained from the archaeological sites reveal that cultures with different subsistence strategies occupied distinct geographic regions. Humans who subsisted on hunting and gathering resided at higher altitudes during the Paleolithic Age （1074 m a.s.1.）. Mixed subsistence strategies led humans to settle down at 600-1000 m a.s.1. in the Neolithic Age. Agricultural activities caused humans to migrate to 400-800 m a.s.1, in the early Bronze Age, whereas livestock production shifted human activities to 800-1200 m a.s.l, in the late Bronze Age.
基金Supported by Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(FBB2016-01)
文摘Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） is an indigenous and ecologically and economically important species in the Liao River area, but its identification and genetic diversity remain poorly understood. To evaluate the germplasm resources of this species, samples were collected from these locations： four sub-populations from the Liao River area and one population from the Yangtze River area; one primer was used to distinguish between the Liao River and the Yangtze River crabs. Thirteen loci were used for crab genetic diversity analysis, and basic statistics showed that the collecting samples were purebred in the Liao River area. The average observed heterozygosity （H0） of the Liao River population was 0.5931, and the expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.8064. The polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.7753, which showed that the Liao River population had high genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation index （FST） averaged 0.0342, meaning a low degree of differentiation; cluster analysis indicated that Hujia （HJ）, Xinli （XL） and Chenjia （CJ） sub-populations were allocated to the same cluster, while Baqiangzi （BQZ） sub-population was isolated. In summary, these data demonstrated that the crabs in the Liao River had high genetic diversity, but low genetic differentiation. Thus, the Liao River population had the potential for breeding selection. Furthermore, this study also provided valuable genetic information for the conservation of Chinese mitten crab.
