The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect ...The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect of carbon price floor on levelised cost of gas-fired generation technology through the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) ap-proach with the estimation of carbon price floor. Finally, the comparison of levelised cost of electricity for all generation technology in the UK will be shown and discussed.展开更多
To achieve the target for building a low-carbon economy, the UK will have to build more low-carbon power plants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation. However, renewable energy is difficult to...To achieve the target for building a low-carbon economy, the UK will have to build more low-carbon power plants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation. However, renewable energy is difficult to meet the increasing energy demand and keep lights on. This limitation of renewable could be solved by coal and gas-fired power station fitted with carbon capture storage (CCS) technology. CCS technology could capture up to 90% of carbon dioxide from emissions and allow fossil fuel power station to provide continuous low-carbon electricity power. This paper presents the levelised cost of electricity of CCGT with CCS and compared with renewable technology to forecast the impact of CCGT with CCS on the UK’s electricity market.展开更多
Solar and wind energy are two of the most viable and sustainable sources of energy due to the tendency of renewal. The power generating supplies in Nigeria appear unreliable, rapidly diminishing and expensive. Researc...Solar and wind energy are two of the most viable and sustainable sources of energy due to the tendency of renewal. The power generating supplies in Nigeria appear unreliable, rapidly diminishing and expensive. Researches are sparse on operating both energy sources alongside fossil fuel for power generation in order to take advantage of their complementary characters. The aim of this study is to explore renewable sources combined with non-renewable source to generate electricity with the objective of establishing an optimal design for a hybrid solar-wind-diesel energy plant that minimizes cost. The capacity factor of the standalone system was determined for the study area. The cost of energy for the hybrid optimal mix was determined. Levelised cost of energy was also used to determine the cost of energy for standalone power system. The result shows that the energy generated 200 MW hybrid system is 392 GWh with a cost of energy of $0.24/kWh (47.8/kWh). The energy produced can power 39,200 homes in a year. The optimisation shows that the number of solar system, wind and diesel are 699, 1 and 300 respectively. The cost of energy for the standalone system was $0.06/kWh, $0.08/kWh and $0.27/kWh for wind, solar and diesel system. The capacity factor was 56%, 21% and 80% for wind, solar and diesel system. There is a reduction in the amount of greenhouse gases released to the environment alongside with cost of energy generation. Hybrid power generation system is good and effective solution for power generation than conventional energy resources.展开更多
CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is cl...CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is classified as thermal converter because the output power produced is a function of the operating temperature. The main components of a CSP plant are the solar field which is made up of the heliostat arrays, the receiver tower, the heat transfer fluid, the molten salt thermal energy storage tanks and the power conversion unit, which is made up of the turbine and the generator. The main advantage of CSP is that of a cheap thermal storage （i.e., molten salt storage） which makes it possible to dispatch power at a cost comparable to the grid electricity. Simulations run with the SAM （systems advisory model） developed by NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） showed that CSP is capable of delivering electricity at the cost of 17UScents per kWh for the 30-year life of the plant. The main disadvantage of CSP however, is that of low efficiency （8%-16%）. There are ongoing research works to improve the efficiency of the CSP. One way to improve the efficiency is to increase the operating temperature of the system. In this paper, the authors discussed different modules of the CSP plant and suggested ways to improve on the conversion efficiencies of individual modules. Finally, an overall systems performance simulation is carried using SAM and the simulation results show that electricity can be produced using CSP at the cost of RI.05 per kWh.展开更多
Complex energy and environment system, especially nuclear fuel cycle system recently raised socialconcerns about the issues of economic competitiveness, environmental effect and nuclear proliferation. Only underthe co...Complex energy and environment system, especially nuclear fuel cycle system recently raised socialconcerns about the issues of economic competitiveness, environmental effect and nuclear proliferation. Only underthe condition that those conflicting issues are gotten a consensus between stakeholders with different knowledgebackground, can nuclear power industry be continuingly developed. In this paper, a new analysis platform has beendeveloped to help stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in the nuclear fuel cycle systembased on the functional modeling method named Multilevel Flow Models (MFM) according to the cognition theoryof human being. Its character is that MFM models define a set of mass, energy and information flow structures onmultiple levels of abstraction to describe the functional structure of a process system and its graphical symbol representationand the means-end and part-whole hierarchical flow structure to make the represented process easy to beunderstood. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of nuclear fuel cycle system wereselected to be simulated and some analysis processes such as economics analysis, environmental analysis and energybalance analysis related to those flows were also integrated to help stakeholders to understand the process of decision-making with the introduction of some new functions for the improved Multilevel Flow Models Studio, and finallythe simple simulation such as spent fuel management process simulation and money flow of nuclear fuel cycleand its levelised cost analysis will be represented as feasible examples.展开更多
Complex Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC) system faces many socio-technical issues that need to obtain the consensus between stakeholders of different knowledge background. In this paper, a visualized analysis platform based o...Complex Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC) system faces many socio-technical issues that need to obtain the consensus between stakeholders of different knowledge background. In this paper, a visualized analysis platform based on graphical functional modeling method, Multilevel Flow Model (MFM), is proposed to help those stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in NFC system. Some new functions, such as “Reaction Function", “Switch Function" and “Conversion Function", are introduced to fulfill new simulation tasks for NFC system. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of NFC system are simulated and meanwhile some key analysis variables, such as CO2 emission and cost flow, required by some analysis methods are deducted and displayed in the platform. And finally a sample simulation analysis is conducted based on MFM.展开更多
文摘The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect of carbon price floor on levelised cost of gas-fired generation technology through the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) ap-proach with the estimation of carbon price floor. Finally, the comparison of levelised cost of electricity for all generation technology in the UK will be shown and discussed.
文摘To achieve the target for building a low-carbon economy, the UK will have to build more low-carbon power plants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation. However, renewable energy is difficult to meet the increasing energy demand and keep lights on. This limitation of renewable could be solved by coal and gas-fired power station fitted with carbon capture storage (CCS) technology. CCS technology could capture up to 90% of carbon dioxide from emissions and allow fossil fuel power station to provide continuous low-carbon electricity power. This paper presents the levelised cost of electricity of CCGT with CCS and compared with renewable technology to forecast the impact of CCGT with CCS on the UK’s electricity market.
文摘Solar and wind energy are two of the most viable and sustainable sources of energy due to the tendency of renewal. The power generating supplies in Nigeria appear unreliable, rapidly diminishing and expensive. Researches are sparse on operating both energy sources alongside fossil fuel for power generation in order to take advantage of their complementary characters. The aim of this study is to explore renewable sources combined with non-renewable source to generate electricity with the objective of establishing an optimal design for a hybrid solar-wind-diesel energy plant that minimizes cost. The capacity factor of the standalone system was determined for the study area. The cost of energy for the hybrid optimal mix was determined. Levelised cost of energy was also used to determine the cost of energy for standalone power system. The result shows that the energy generated 200 MW hybrid system is 392 GWh with a cost of energy of $0.24/kWh (47.8/kWh). The energy produced can power 39,200 homes in a year. The optimisation shows that the number of solar system, wind and diesel are 699, 1 and 300 respectively. The cost of energy for the standalone system was $0.06/kWh, $0.08/kWh and $0.27/kWh for wind, solar and diesel system. The capacity factor was 56%, 21% and 80% for wind, solar and diesel system. There is a reduction in the amount of greenhouse gases released to the environment alongside with cost of energy generation. Hybrid power generation system is good and effective solution for power generation than conventional energy resources.
文摘CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is classified as thermal converter because the output power produced is a function of the operating temperature. The main components of a CSP plant are the solar field which is made up of the heliostat arrays, the receiver tower, the heat transfer fluid, the molten salt thermal energy storage tanks and the power conversion unit, which is made up of the turbine and the generator. The main advantage of CSP is that of a cheap thermal storage （i.e., molten salt storage） which makes it possible to dispatch power at a cost comparable to the grid electricity. Simulations run with the SAM （systems advisory model） developed by NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） showed that CSP is capable of delivering electricity at the cost of 17UScents per kWh for the 30-year life of the plant. The main disadvantage of CSP however, is that of low efficiency （8%-16%）. There are ongoing research works to improve the efficiency of the CSP. One way to improve the efficiency is to increase the operating temperature of the system. In this paper, the authors discussed different modules of the CSP plant and suggested ways to improve on the conversion efficiencies of individual modules. Finally, an overall systems performance simulation is carried using SAM and the simulation results show that electricity can be produced using CSP at the cost of RI.05 per kWh.
文摘Complex energy and environment system, especially nuclear fuel cycle system recently raised socialconcerns about the issues of economic competitiveness, environmental effect and nuclear proliferation. Only underthe condition that those conflicting issues are gotten a consensus between stakeholders with different knowledgebackground, can nuclear power industry be continuingly developed. In this paper, a new analysis platform has beendeveloped to help stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in the nuclear fuel cycle systembased on the functional modeling method named Multilevel Flow Models (MFM) according to the cognition theoryof human being. Its character is that MFM models define a set of mass, energy and information flow structures onmultiple levels of abstraction to describe the functional structure of a process system and its graphical symbol representationand the means-end and part-whole hierarchical flow structure to make the represented process easy to beunderstood. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of nuclear fuel cycle system wereselected to be simulated and some analysis processes such as economics analysis, environmental analysis and energybalance analysis related to those flows were also integrated to help stakeholders to understand the process of decision-making with the introduction of some new functions for the improved Multilevel Flow Models Studio, and finallythe simple simulation such as spent fuel management process simulation and money flow of nuclear fuel cycleand its levelised cost analysis will be represented as feasible examples.
文摘Complex Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC) system faces many socio-technical issues that need to obtain the consensus between stakeholders of different knowledge background. In this paper, a visualized analysis platform based on graphical functional modeling method, Multilevel Flow Model (MFM), is proposed to help those stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in NFC system. Some new functions, such as “Reaction Function", “Switch Function" and “Conversion Function", are introduced to fulfill new simulation tasks for NFC system. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of NFC system are simulated and meanwhile some key analysis variables, such as CO2 emission and cost flow, required by some analysis methods are deducted and displayed in the platform. And finally a sample simulation analysis is conducted based on MFM.
