Cotton fuzz fibers, like Arabidopsistrichomes, are elongated unicells. It is postulated that a transcriptional complex of GLABRA1 （GL1）, GLABRA3 （GL3）, and TRANSPARENT TESTAGLABRA1 （TTG1） might be in existence i...Cotton fuzz fibers, like Arabidopsistrichomes, are elongated unicells. It is postulated that a transcriptional complex of GLABRA1 （GL1）, GLABRA3 （GL3）, and TRANSPARENT TESTAGLABRA1 （TTG1） might be in existence in Arabidopsis as evidenced by their physical interaction in yeast, and the complex regulates expression of GLABRA2 （GL2） controlling trichome cell differentiation; it is also assumed that TRIPTYCHON （TRY） and CAPRICE （CPC） counteract the complex formation in neighboring cells. Here, the homologs GaMYB23 （a homolog of GL1）, GaDEL65 （a homolog of GL3）, GaTTG1, GaCPC and GaTRY were identified in Gossypium arboreum. We show that GaMYB23 can bind to and activate the promoters of GaCPC, GaGL2 and GaTRY, and that GaMYB23, GaTRY and GaTTG1 could interact with GaDEL65 in yeast and in planta. In situ analysis showed that GaMYB23, GaGL2, GaDEL65, and GaTRY were predominantly expressed in fuzz fiber, but GaTRY proteins were primarily found in undeveloped epidermal cells. A G. arboreum fuzzless mutant with consistently high level GaMYB23 transcript has lost the detectable GaMYB23-promoter of GaGL2 complex, corresponding to sharply reduced transcription of GaGL2. Our results support that cotton homologs to the genetic molecules regulating Arabidopsis trichome differentiation interacted in the epidermis of ovules and the redundant GaMYB23 serves as a negative regulator in fuzz-fiber patterning.展开更多
Multi-lateral multi-issue negotiations are the most complex realistic negotiation problems. Automated ap- proaches have proven particularly promising for complex ne- gotiations and previous research indicates evolutio...Multi-lateral multi-issue negotiations are the most complex realistic negotiation problems. Automated ap- proaches have proven particularly promising for complex ne- gotiations and previous research indicates evolutionary com- putation could be useful for such complex systems. To im- prove the efficiency of realistic multi-lateral multi-issue ne- gotiations and avoid the requirement of complete informa- tion about negotiators, a novel negotiation model based on art improved evolutionary algorithm p-ADE is proposed. The new model includes a new multi-agent negotiation protocol and strategy which utilize p-ADE to improve the negotia- tion efficiency by generating more acceptable solutions with stronger suitability for all the participants. Where p-ADE is improved based on the well-known differential evolution （DE）, in which a new classification-based mutation strategy DE/rand-to-best/pbest as well as a dynamic self-adaptive pa- rameter setting strategy are proposed. Experimental results confirm the superiority of p-ADE over several state-of-the-art evolutionary optimizers. In addition, the p-ADE based multi- agent negotiation model shows good performance in solving realistic multi-lateral multi-issue negotiations.展开更多
Well-preserved specimens of Kepingophyllum aksuence Wu et Chow were collected from Early Permian strata in western Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. More than 100 serial thin sections were made for this study. Kepingophyllum aks...Well-preserved specimens of Kepingophyllum aksuence Wu et Chow were collected from Early Permian strata in western Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. More than 100 serial thin sections were made for this study. Kepingophyllum aksuence displays a unique increase pattern. The bud appears in lonsdaleoid dissepiments between the corallites where the wall of parent corallite disappears and the area becomes aphroid. This increase pattern is different from other lateral increases of most colonial rngose corals, and therefore has taxonomic significance to differentiate Kepingophyllidae from other compound rugose corals. It is also discussed that Kepingophyllum aksuence has a high ＂reproductive integration＂, which means a rapid growth of buds during the offsetting process. Kepingophyllum was possibly originated from Ivanovia and was also a probable ancestor of Wentzellophyllum, which is supported here by more or less the similarity of the blastogeny in different stages of three taxa.展开更多
A nucleus-encoded MinE gene, designated PpMinE, from Physcomitrella patens was identified using RT-PCR. The presence of both N- and C-terminal extensions in PpMinE protein suggested its cyanobacterial origin. The tran...A nucleus-encoded MinE gene, designated PpMinE, from Physcomitrella patens was identified using RT-PCR. The presence of both N- and C-terminal extensions in PpMinE protein suggested its cyanobacterial origin. The transient expression of PpMinE using green fluorescent protein fusion in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） indicated that the PpMinE was a chloroplast-targeted protein. Overexpression of PpMinE in Escherichia coli caused division site misplacement and minicell formation, suggesting evolutionary functional conservation of MinE during plant phylogenesis. According to the phylogenetic tree, PpMinE protein has a close relationship with the highland plants, which suggests that the transfer events of MinE gene from plastid to nucleus might have occurred before the origin of the land plants.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(2010CB12600)
文摘Cotton fuzz fibers, like Arabidopsistrichomes, are elongated unicells. It is postulated that a transcriptional complex of GLABRA1 （GL1）, GLABRA3 （GL3）, and TRANSPARENT TESTAGLABRA1 （TTG1） might be in existence in Arabidopsis as evidenced by their physical interaction in yeast, and the complex regulates expression of GLABRA2 （GL2） controlling trichome cell differentiation; it is also assumed that TRIPTYCHON （TRY） and CAPRICE （CPC） counteract the complex formation in neighboring cells. Here, the homologs GaMYB23 （a homolog of GL1）, GaDEL65 （a homolog of GL3）, GaTTG1, GaCPC and GaTRY were identified in Gossypium arboreum. We show that GaMYB23 can bind to and activate the promoters of GaCPC, GaGL2 and GaTRY, and that GaMYB23, GaTRY and GaTTG1 could interact with GaDEL65 in yeast and in planta. In situ analysis showed that GaMYB23, GaGL2, GaDEL65, and GaTRY were predominantly expressed in fuzz fiber, but GaTRY proteins were primarily found in undeveloped epidermal cells. A G. arboreum fuzzless mutant with consistently high level GaMYB23 transcript has lost the detectable GaMYB23-promoter of GaGL2 complex, corresponding to sharply reduced transcription of GaGL2. Our results support that cotton homologs to the genetic molecules regulating Arabidopsis trichome differentiation interacted in the epidermis of ovules and the redundant GaMYB23 serves as a negative regulator in fuzz-fiber patterning.
文摘Multi-lateral multi-issue negotiations are the most complex realistic negotiation problems. Automated ap- proaches have proven particularly promising for complex ne- gotiations and previous research indicates evolutionary com- putation could be useful for such complex systems. To im- prove the efficiency of realistic multi-lateral multi-issue ne- gotiations and avoid the requirement of complete informa- tion about negotiators, a novel negotiation model based on art improved evolutionary algorithm p-ADE is proposed. The new model includes a new multi-agent negotiation protocol and strategy which utilize p-ADE to improve the negotia- tion efficiency by generating more acceptable solutions with stronger suitability for all the participants. Where p-ADE is improved based on the well-known differential evolution （DE）, in which a new classification-based mutation strategy DE/rand-to-best/pbest as well as a dynamic self-adaptive pa- rameter setting strategy are proposed. Experimental results confirm the superiority of p-ADE over several state-of-the-art evolutionary optimizers. In addition, the p-ADE based multi- agent negotiation model shows good performance in solving realistic multi-lateral multi-issue negotiations.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-122, KZCX2-YW-Q050603)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006FY120300-8)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Well-preserved specimens of Kepingophyllum aksuence Wu et Chow were collected from Early Permian strata in western Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. More than 100 serial thin sections were made for this study. Kepingophyllum aksuence displays a unique increase pattern. The bud appears in lonsdaleoid dissepiments between the corallites where the wall of parent corallite disappears and the area becomes aphroid. This increase pattern is different from other lateral increases of most colonial rngose corals, and therefore has taxonomic significance to differentiate Kepingophyllidae from other compound rugose corals. It is also discussed that Kepingophyllum aksuence has a high ＂reproductive integration＂, which means a rapid growth of buds during the offsetting process. Kepingophyllum was possibly originated from Ivanovia and was also a probable ancestor of Wentzellophyllum, which is supported here by more or less the similarity of the blastogeny in different stages of three taxa.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30470879).
文摘A nucleus-encoded MinE gene, designated PpMinE, from Physcomitrella patens was identified using RT-PCR. The presence of both N- and C-terminal extensions in PpMinE protein suggested its cyanobacterial origin. The transient expression of PpMinE using green fluorescent protein fusion in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） indicated that the PpMinE was a chloroplast-targeted protein. Overexpression of PpMinE in Escherichia coli caused division site misplacement and minicell formation, suggesting evolutionary functional conservation of MinE during plant phylogenesis. According to the phylogenetic tree, PpMinE protein has a close relationship with the highland plants, which suggests that the transfer events of MinE gene from plastid to nucleus might have occurred before the origin of the land plants.
