Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating symptom characterized by spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia. It occurs in distinct forms, including brushevoked dynamic and filament-evoked punctate mechanical allodyn...Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating symptom characterized by spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia. It occurs in distinct forms, including brushevoked dynamic and filament-evoked punctate mechanical allodynia. Potassium channel 2.1(Kir2.1), which exhibits strong inward rectification, is and regulates the activity of lamina I projection neurons. However, the relationship between Kir2.1 channels and mechanical allodynia is still unclear. In this study, we first found that pretreatment with ML133, a selective Kir2.1 inhibitor, by intrathecal administration, preferentially inhibited dynamic, but not punctate, allodynia in mice with spared nerve injury(SNI).Intrathecal injection of low doses of strychnine, a glycine receptor inhibitor, selectively induced dynamic, but not punctate allodynia, not only in na¨?ve but also in ML133-pretreated mice. In contrast, bicuculline, a GABAAreceptor antagonist, induced only punctate, but not dynamic,allodynia. These results indicated the involvement of glycinergic transmission in the development of dynamic allodynia. We further found that SNI significantly suppressed the frequency, but not the amplitude, of the glycinergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents(gly-sIPSCs) in neurons on the lamina II-III border of the spinal dorsal horn, and pretreatment with ML133 prevented the SNI-induced gly-sIPSC reduction. Furthermore, 5 days after SNI, ML133, either by intrathecal administration oracute bath perfusion, and strychnine sensitively reversed the SNI-induced dynamic, but not punctate, allodynia and the gly-sIPSC reduction in lamina IIi neurons, respectively.In conclusion, our results suggest that blockade of Kir2.1 channels in the spinal dorsal horn selectively inhibits dynamic, but not punctate, mechanical allodynia by enhancing glycinergic inhibitory transmission.展开更多
Objective The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular basis of the contacting -neuron membrane K+ conductance in glia cells of native bovine retina. Methods RT-PCR, Northern blot and Western blot analyses w...Objective The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular basis of the contacting -neuron membrane K+ conductance in glia cells of native bovine retina. Methods RT-PCR, Northern blot and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel subunits Kir2.1 in native bovine RPE and neural retina. The distribution of Kir2.1 protein was determined in frozen sections of bovine retina-RPEchoroid by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Results RT-PCR analysis reveals Kir2.1 transcript in both RPE and neural retina. In Northern blots, Kir2.1 probe hybridizes to an appropriately sized-transcript in neural retina but not in RPE. In Western blots, Kir2.1 antibody recognizes a major monomer of about 60 kDa in neural retina but not in RPE. Immunofluorescence reveals that Kir2.1 immunostaining is expressed at many parts of Muller cells, especially in the membrane domains of Muller cells that contact retinal neurons, i. e. , along the two stem processes,over the soma, and in the side branches extending into the synaptic layers. No immunostaining is seen in RPE. Doubling staining shows that Kir2.1 proteins and glutamine synthetase proteins which are a marker of Muller cell co-localized well. Conclusions These results reveal that Kir2.1 is localized in the Muller cells, no Kir2.1 in RPE. These data suggests that Kir2.1 may be involved in the transport of K+ in the bovine neural retina.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771188 and 31471027)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (13DJ1400302)
文摘Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating symptom characterized by spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia. It occurs in distinct forms, including brushevoked dynamic and filament-evoked punctate mechanical allodynia. Potassium channel 2.1(Kir2.1), which exhibits strong inward rectification, is and regulates the activity of lamina I projection neurons. However, the relationship between Kir2.1 channels and mechanical allodynia is still unclear. In this study, we first found that pretreatment with ML133, a selective Kir2.1 inhibitor, by intrathecal administration, preferentially inhibited dynamic, but not punctate, allodynia in mice with spared nerve injury(SNI).Intrathecal injection of low doses of strychnine, a glycine receptor inhibitor, selectively induced dynamic, but not punctate allodynia, not only in na¨?ve but also in ML133-pretreated mice. In contrast, bicuculline, a GABAAreceptor antagonist, induced only punctate, but not dynamic,allodynia. These results indicated the involvement of glycinergic transmission in the development of dynamic allodynia. We further found that SNI significantly suppressed the frequency, but not the amplitude, of the glycinergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents(gly-sIPSCs) in neurons on the lamina II-III border of the spinal dorsal horn, and pretreatment with ML133 prevented the SNI-induced gly-sIPSC reduction. Furthermore, 5 days after SNI, ML133, either by intrathecal administration oracute bath perfusion, and strychnine sensitively reversed the SNI-induced dynamic, but not punctate, allodynia and the gly-sIPSC reduction in lamina IIi neurons, respectively.In conclusion, our results suggest that blockade of Kir2.1 channels in the spinal dorsal horn selectively inhibits dynamic, but not punctate, mechanical allodynia by enhancing glycinergic inhibitory transmission.
文摘Objective The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular basis of the contacting -neuron membrane K+ conductance in glia cells of native bovine retina. Methods RT-PCR, Northern blot and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel subunits Kir2.1 in native bovine RPE and neural retina. The distribution of Kir2.1 protein was determined in frozen sections of bovine retina-RPEchoroid by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Results RT-PCR analysis reveals Kir2.1 transcript in both RPE and neural retina. In Northern blots, Kir2.1 probe hybridizes to an appropriately sized-transcript in neural retina but not in RPE. In Western blots, Kir2.1 antibody recognizes a major monomer of about 60 kDa in neural retina but not in RPE. Immunofluorescence reveals that Kir2.1 immunostaining is expressed at many parts of Muller cells, especially in the membrane domains of Muller cells that contact retinal neurons, i. e. , along the two stem processes,over the soma, and in the side branches extending into the synaptic layers. No immunostaining is seen in RPE. Doubling staining shows that Kir2.1 proteins and glutamine synthetase proteins which are a marker of Muller cell co-localized well. Conclusions These results reveal that Kir2.1 is localized in the Muller cells, no Kir2.1 in RPE. These data suggests that Kir2.1 may be involved in the transport of K+ in the bovine neural retina.
