Accurate descriptions of matrix diffusion across the fracture/matrix interface are critical to assessing contaminant migration in fractured media. The classical transfer probability method is only applicable for relat...Accurate descriptions of matrix diffusion across the fracture/matrix interface are critical to assessing contaminant migration in fractured media. The classical transfer probability method is only applicable for relatively large diffusion coefficients and small fracture spacings, due to an intrinsic assumption of an equilibrium concentration profile in the matrix blocks. Motivated and required by practical applications, we propose a direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach without any empirical assumptions. A three-step Lagrangian algorithm was developed and validated to directly track the particle dynamics across the fracture/matrix interface, where particle's diffusive displacement across the discontinuity is controlled by an analytical, one-side reflection probability. Numerical experiments show that the DNS approach is especially efficient for small diffusion coefficients and large fracture spacings, alleviating limitations of the classical modeling approach.展开更多
目的探讨输血治疗是否是老年股骨粗隆间骨折围手术期隐性失血量的影响因素,并为是否需要输血治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年10月期间接受股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)内固定手术的17...目的探讨输血治疗是否是老年股骨粗隆间骨折围手术期隐性失血量的影响因素,并为是否需要输血治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年10月期间接受股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)内固定手术的176例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床相关资料,依据是否接受输血治疗将患者分为输血组(56例)及未输血组(120例),对两组患者术前、术后血常规指标以及根据Gross线性方程计算得到的总失血量、隐性失血量进行分析,比较输血治疗对隐性失血量的影响。结果输血组平均隐性失血量为353.0 mL,占平均总失血量比例为83.1%,未输血组患者平均隐性失血量为427.0 mL,占总失血量比例为84.6%。两组平均隐性失血量相比,有统计学意义(P<0.05),平均隐性失血量占总失血量比例,两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论输血治疗能减少围手术期隐性失血量,但并不能降低老年粗隆间骨折的隐性失血量占总失血量的比例,术后应根据红细胞压积(hematocrit,Hct)及血红蛋白量(hemoglobin,Hb)的变化,合理选择输血治疗,减少并发症的产生。展开更多
目的:对枢椎骨折的外科治疗原则、治疗指征以及康复方法作一文献综述,为枢椎骨折并脊髓不全损伤的功能恢复提供理论依据.资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline 1978-05/2004-03的相关文章,检索词"Hangman'sfractures,Recovery of Fu...目的:对枢椎骨折的外科治疗原则、治疗指征以及康复方法作一文献综述,为枢椎骨折并脊髓不全损伤的功能恢复提供理论依据.资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline 1978-05/2004-03的相关文章,检索词"Hangman'sfractures,Recovery of Function",并限定文章语言种类为English.同时计算机检索http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词"枢椎骨折、脊髓不全损伤、功能恢复".资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括枢椎骨折的损伤机制、分类、诊断、康复方法等方面的文章.纳入标准:①随机对照临床实验.②观察对比研究.排除标准:①综述文献.②Meta分析.③同一研究.资料提炼:共收集到42篇关于枢椎骨折的文献,18篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的24篇系同一研究、综述和Meta分析等文献.资料综合:18篇文献包括1163例患者,分别对枢椎骨折的外科治疗原则、治疗指征以及康复方法作了评估.结论:一些新的内固定器材的应用及康复方法在不断完善,对恢复枢椎骨折患者脊柱生物力学稳定性,保存寰枢椎关节运动功能,以及对合并脊髓不全损伤患者的功能恢复具有重要意义.展开更多
基金supported by the United States Department of Energythe Desert Research Institute IR&D Funds
文摘Accurate descriptions of matrix diffusion across the fracture/matrix interface are critical to assessing contaminant migration in fractured media. The classical transfer probability method is only applicable for relatively large diffusion coefficients and small fracture spacings, due to an intrinsic assumption of an equilibrium concentration profile in the matrix blocks. Motivated and required by practical applications, we propose a direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach without any empirical assumptions. A three-step Lagrangian algorithm was developed and validated to directly track the particle dynamics across the fracture/matrix interface, where particle's diffusive displacement across the discontinuity is controlled by an analytical, one-side reflection probability. Numerical experiments show that the DNS approach is especially efficient for small diffusion coefficients and large fracture spacings, alleviating limitations of the classical modeling approach.
文摘目的:对枢椎骨折的外科治疗原则、治疗指征以及康复方法作一文献综述,为枢椎骨折并脊髓不全损伤的功能恢复提供理论依据.资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline 1978-05/2004-03的相关文章,检索词"Hangman'sfractures,Recovery of Function",并限定文章语言种类为English.同时计算机检索http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词"枢椎骨折、脊髓不全损伤、功能恢复".资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括枢椎骨折的损伤机制、分类、诊断、康复方法等方面的文章.纳入标准:①随机对照临床实验.②观察对比研究.排除标准:①综述文献.②Meta分析.③同一研究.资料提炼:共收集到42篇关于枢椎骨折的文献,18篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的24篇系同一研究、综述和Meta分析等文献.资料综合:18篇文献包括1163例患者,分别对枢椎骨折的外科治疗原则、治疗指征以及康复方法作了评估.结论:一些新的内固定器材的应用及康复方法在不断完善,对恢复枢椎骨折患者脊柱生物力学稳定性,保存寰枢椎关节运动功能,以及对合并脊髓不全损伤患者的功能恢复具有重要意义.