We report on the high-power amplification of a 1064 nm linearly polarized laser in an all-fiber polarizationmaintained master oscillator power amplifier,which can operate at an output power level of 1.3 kW.The beam qu...We report on the high-power amplification of a 1064 nm linearly polarized laser in an all-fiber polarizationmaintained master oscillator power amplifier,which can operate at an output power level of 1.3 kW.The beam quality(M^2) was measured to be <1.2 at full power operation.The polarization extinction rate of the fiber amplifier was measured to be above 94% before mode instabilities(MIs) set in,which reduced to about 90% after the onset of MI.The power scaling capability of strategies for suppressing MI is analyzed based on a semianalytical model,the theoretical results of which agree with the experimental results.It shows that mitigating MI by coiling the gain fiber is an effective and practical method in standard double-cladding large mode area fiber,and,by tight coiling of the gain fiber to the radius of 5.5 cm,the MI threshold can be increased to three times higher than that without coiling or loose coiling.Experimental studies have been carried out to verify the idea,which has proved that MI was suppressed successfully in the amplifier by proper coiling.展开更多
The average power of fiber lasers has been scaled deeply into the kW regime in the past years. However, stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) is still a major factor limiting further power scaling. Here, we have demonstrat...The average power of fiber lasers has been scaled deeply into the kW regime in the past years. However, stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) is still a major factor limiting further power scaling. Here, we have demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the suppression of SRS in a half 10 kW tandem pumping fiber amplifier using chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings(CTFBGs). With specially self-designed and manufactured CTFBGs inserted between the seed laser and the amplifier stage, a maximum SRS suppression ratio of >15 dB in spectrum is observed with no reduction in laser efficiency. With one CTFBG, the effective output power is improved to3.9 kW with a beam quality M2 factor of ～1.7 from <3.5 k W with an M2 factor of >2; with two CTFBGs, the effective laser power reaches 4.2 kW with an increasing ratio of 20% and an M2 factor of ～1.8, and further power improvement is limited by the power and performance of the 1018 nm pump sources. This work provides an effective SRS suppression method for high-power all-fiber lasers, which is useful for further power scaling of these systems.展开更多
为满足工业应用大功率微波源的需求,开展了基于两路S波段1 k W注入锁定连续波磁控管的微波功率相干功率合成系统的实验研究。在理论上,分析了两路磁控管输出微波功率比和相位差对合成效率的影响。在实验中,用同步的微波源实现两路注入信...为满足工业应用大功率微波源的需求,开展了基于两路S波段1 k W注入锁定连续波磁控管的微波功率相干功率合成系统的实验研究。在理论上,分析了两路磁控管输出微波功率比和相位差对合成效率的影响。在实验中,用同步的微波源实现两路注入信号,采用磁控管注入锁定技术,通过虚拟仪器软件实现了自动化合成功率控制。实验成功进行了基于两路1 k W在S波段注入锁定连续波磁控管的相干功率合成。测试结果表明,两路S波段1 k W连续波磁控管的相干功率最高合成效率≥95%,为研究高效率的大功率合成微波源提供了重要的实验基础。展开更多
Nickel is widely used as a bleaching element in white gold alloys, but it is a potential allergen. In this paper, a popular 18 KW gold alloy, often called ＂safe nickel,＂ was chosen as the experimental material; its ...Nickel is widely used as a bleaching element in white gold alloys, but it is a potential allergen. In this paper, a popular 18 KW gold alloy, often called ＂safe nickel,＂ was chosen as the experimental material; its nickel release rates under six different processing conditions were evaluated according to the EN1811 standard. The results reveal that both the surface processing method and heat treatment technology significantly affect the nickel release rate. A coarse surface releases more nickel ions than a smooth surface. The sample normalized at 700 ~C in the single region has a lower nickel release rate than the one treated at 550 ~C in the two-phase phase region, while high temperature normalizing at 800 ~C will accelerate it. All the measured nickel release rates of the experimental material under various processing conditions exceed the permitted threshold value in the Nickel Directive, which indicates that there exists the potential risk of nickel- induced allergy when it is used to make jewelries, espe- cially for piercing types.展开更多
The Jiama porphyry copper deposit in Tibet is one of the proven supergiant copper deposits in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at present,with the reserves of geological resources equivalent to nearly 20×10^(6) t.Howeve...The Jiama porphyry copper deposit in Tibet is one of the proven supergiant copper deposits in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at present,with the reserves of geological resources equivalent to nearly 20×10^(6) t.However,it features wavy and steep terrain,leading to extremely difficult field operation and heavy interference.This study attempts to determine the effects of the tensor controlled-source audiomagnetotellurics(CSAMT)with high-power orthogonal signal sources(also referred to as the high-power tensor CSAMT)when it is applied to the deep geophysical exploration in plateaus with complex terrain and mining areas with strong interference.The test results show that the high current provided by the highpower tensor CSAMT not only greatly improved the signal-to-noise ratio but also guaranteed that effective signals were received in the case of a long transmitter-receiver distance.Meanwhile,the tensor data better described the anisotropy of deep geologic bodies.In addition,the tests also show that when the transmitting current reaches 60 A,it is still guaranteed that strong enough signals can be received in the case of the transmitter-receiver distance of about 25 km,sounding curves show no near field effect,and effective exploration depth can reach 3 km.The 2D inversion results are roughly consistent with drilling results,indicating that the high-power tensor CSAMT can be used to achieve nearly actual characteristics of underground electrical structures.Therefore,this method has great potential for application in deep geophysical exploration in plateaus and mining areas with complex terrain and strong interference,respectively.This study not only serves as important guidance on the prospecting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau but also can be used as positive references for deep mineral exploration in other areas.展开更多
基金funding from the program for the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61322505the program for New Century Excellent Talents in University+1 种基金the Innovation Foundation for Excellent Graduates in National University of Defense Technology under Grant No.B120704the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate under Grant No.CX2012B035
文摘We report on the high-power amplification of a 1064 nm linearly polarized laser in an all-fiber polarizationmaintained master oscillator power amplifier,which can operate at an output power level of 1.3 kW.The beam quality(M^2) was measured to be <1.2 at full power operation.The polarization extinction rate of the fiber amplifier was measured to be above 94% before mode instabilities(MIs) set in,which reduced to about 90% after the onset of MI.The power scaling capability of strategies for suppressing MI is analyzed based on a semianalytical model,the theoretical results of which agree with the experimental results.It shows that mitigating MI by coiling the gain fiber is an effective and practical method in standard double-cladding large mode area fiber,and,by tight coiling of the gain fiber to the radius of 5.5 cm,the MI threshold can be increased to three times higher than that without coiling or loose coiling.Experimental studies have been carried out to verify the idea,which has proved that MI was suppressed successfully in the amplifier by proper coiling.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11274385)
文摘The average power of fiber lasers has been scaled deeply into the kW regime in the past years. However, stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) is still a major factor limiting further power scaling. Here, we have demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the suppression of SRS in a half 10 kW tandem pumping fiber amplifier using chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings(CTFBGs). With specially self-designed and manufactured CTFBGs inserted between the seed laser and the amplifier stage, a maximum SRS suppression ratio of >15 dB in spectrum is observed with no reduction in laser efficiency. With one CTFBG, the effective output power is improved to3.9 kW with a beam quality M2 factor of ～1.7 from <3.5 k W with an M2 factor of >2; with two CTFBGs, the effective laser power reaches 4.2 kW with an increasing ratio of 20% and an M2 factor of ～1.8, and further power improvement is limited by the power and performance of the 1018 nm pump sources. This work provides an effective SRS suppression method for high-power all-fiber lasers, which is useful for further power scaling of these systems.
文摘为满足工业应用大功率微波源的需求,开展了基于两路S波段1 k W注入锁定连续波磁控管的微波功率相干功率合成系统的实验研究。在理论上,分析了两路磁控管输出微波功率比和相位差对合成效率的影响。在实验中,用同步的微波源实现两路注入信号,采用磁控管注入锁定技术,通过虚拟仪器软件实现了自动化合成功率控制。实验成功进行了基于两路1 k W在S波段注入锁定连续波磁控管的相干功率合成。测试结果表明,两路S波段1 k W连续波磁控管的相干功率最高合成效率≥95%,为研究高效率的大功率合成微波源提供了重要的实验基础。
基金financially supported by the united foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong province (No. U1034002)
文摘Nickel is widely used as a bleaching element in white gold alloys, but it is a potential allergen. In this paper, a popular 18 KW gold alloy, often called ＂safe nickel,＂ was chosen as the experimental material; its nickel release rates under six different processing conditions were evaluated according to the EN1811 standard. The results reveal that both the surface processing method and heat treatment technology significantly affect the nickel release rate. A coarse surface releases more nickel ions than a smooth surface. The sample normalized at 700 ~C in the single region has a lower nickel release rate than the one treated at 550 ~C in the two-phase phase region, while high temperature normalizing at 800 ~C will accelerate it. All the measured nickel release rates of the experimental material under various processing conditions exceed the permitted threshold value in the Nickel Directive, which indicates that there exists the potential risk of nickel- induced allergy when it is used to make jewelries, espe- cially for piercing types.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0604102)the project of China Geological Survey(DD20190015)。
文摘The Jiama porphyry copper deposit in Tibet is one of the proven supergiant copper deposits in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at present,with the reserves of geological resources equivalent to nearly 20×10^(6) t.However,it features wavy and steep terrain,leading to extremely difficult field operation and heavy interference.This study attempts to determine the effects of the tensor controlled-source audiomagnetotellurics(CSAMT)with high-power orthogonal signal sources(also referred to as the high-power tensor CSAMT)when it is applied to the deep geophysical exploration in plateaus with complex terrain and mining areas with strong interference.The test results show that the high current provided by the highpower tensor CSAMT not only greatly improved the signal-to-noise ratio but also guaranteed that effective signals were received in the case of a long transmitter-receiver distance.Meanwhile,the tensor data better described the anisotropy of deep geologic bodies.In addition,the tests also show that when the transmitting current reaches 60 A,it is still guaranteed that strong enough signals can be received in the case of the transmitter-receiver distance of about 25 km,sounding curves show no near field effect,and effective exploration depth can reach 3 km.The 2D inversion results are roughly consistent with drilling results,indicating that the high-power tensor CSAMT can be used to achieve nearly actual characteristics of underground electrical structures.Therefore,this method has great potential for application in deep geophysical exploration in plateaus and mining areas with complex terrain and strong interference,respectively.This study not only serves as important guidance on the prospecting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau but also can be used as positive references for deep mineral exploration in other areas.
