Turkey and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) of Iraq built a strategic partnership since 2007 based on shared economic and political interests which included energy deals that bypassed Bagdad. Why does Turkey en...Turkey and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) of Iraq built a strategic partnership since 2007 based on shared economic and political interests which included energy deals that bypassed Bagdad. Why does Turkey engage in economic cooperation with the KRG that facilitates Iraqi Kurds’secession from Iraq, when the Turkish preference is against an independent Kurdish state? The chapter focuses on three key factors to explain the enduring Ankara-Erbil relationship:mutual economic interests, containment of the Kurdistan Workers’Party, and regional power politics. The chapter also investigates the question'How will the recent Kurdish referendum for independence impact the strategic partnership between Turkey and the KRG?'Despite Ankara’s harsh reaction towards the referendum, the chapter argues that the recent crisis will not derail the Turkey-KRG ties. Rather, economic, realpolitik and geographical considerations will continue to push the two actors together in the foreseeable future.展开更多
Undoubtedly, children are one of the biggest assets of any society and it is the duty of all authorities to have a systematic plan to educate the next generation and make a better life for children so that they can pr...Undoubtedly, children are one of the biggest assets of any society and it is the duty of all authorities to have a systematic plan to educate the next generation and make a better life for children so that they can progress and be effective for their communities. In an effort, Kurdistan Regional Government （KRG） has adopted standards to improve the condition for children; however, there are challenges that remain, such as child abuse, child labor, children right＇s law, orphans, street children and etc.. In this paper, a descriptive-analytical method is used to discuss the general situation of children in today＇s Iraqi Kurdistan and the issues such as drug abuse, child labor, orphans and street children, forced marriages, sexual abuse, handicapped children, school dropouts, child soldiers, nutrition, immunization, female genital mutilation and etc. will be explained. The questions this research addresses are： How is the situation of children in Iraqi Kurdistan and what are their challenges？ Also, what is the KRG＇s strategy and through which ways can they make a better life for children and change their current status？ The author believes that nowadays, the KRG is trying to crack down on problems against children; however, their effort is not adequate and some other activities should be performed, one of which is passing the children＇s law against violence.展开更多
Genetic diversity provides the foundation for plant breeding and genetic research.Over 3000 rice genomes were recently sequenced as part of the 3K Rice Genome(3KRG)Project.We added four additional Indian rice accessio...Genetic diversity provides the foundation for plant breeding and genetic research.Over 3000 rice genomes were recently sequenced as part of the 3K Rice Genome(3KRG)Project.We added four additional Indian rice accessions to create a panel of 3004 accessions.However,such a large collection of germplasm is difficult to preserve and evaluate.The construction of core and mini-core collections is an efficient method for the management of genetic resources.In this study,we developed a mini-core comprising 520 accessions that captured most of the SNPs and represented all of the phenotypes and geographic regions from the original panel.The mini-core was validated using different statistical analyses and contained representatives from all major rice groups,including japonica,indica,aus/boro,and aromatic/basmati.Genomewide association analyses of the mini-core panel efficiently reproduced the marker–trait associations identified in the original panel.Haplotype analysis validated the utility of the mini-core panel.In the current era with many ongoing large-scale sequencing projects,such a strategy for mini-core design should be useful in many crops.The rice mini-core collection developed in this study would be valuable for agronomic trait evaluation and useful for rice improvement via marker-assisted molecular breeding.展开更多
文摘Turkey and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) of Iraq built a strategic partnership since 2007 based on shared economic and political interests which included energy deals that bypassed Bagdad. Why does Turkey engage in economic cooperation with the KRG that facilitates Iraqi Kurds’secession from Iraq, when the Turkish preference is against an independent Kurdish state? The chapter focuses on three key factors to explain the enduring Ankara-Erbil relationship:mutual economic interests, containment of the Kurdistan Workers’Party, and regional power politics. The chapter also investigates the question'How will the recent Kurdish referendum for independence impact the strategic partnership between Turkey and the KRG?'Despite Ankara’s harsh reaction towards the referendum, the chapter argues that the recent crisis will not derail the Turkey-KRG ties. Rather, economic, realpolitik and geographical considerations will continue to push the two actors together in the foreseeable future.
文摘Undoubtedly, children are one of the biggest assets of any society and it is the duty of all authorities to have a systematic plan to educate the next generation and make a better life for children so that they can progress and be effective for their communities. In an effort, Kurdistan Regional Government （KRG） has adopted standards to improve the condition for children; however, there are challenges that remain, such as child abuse, child labor, children right＇s law, orphans, street children and etc.. In this paper, a descriptive-analytical method is used to discuss the general situation of children in today＇s Iraqi Kurdistan and the issues such as drug abuse, child labor, orphans and street children, forced marriages, sexual abuse, handicapped children, school dropouts, child soldiers, nutrition, immunization, female genital mutilation and etc. will be explained. The questions this research addresses are： How is the situation of children in Iraqi Kurdistan and what are their challenges？ Also, what is the KRG＇s strategy and through which ways can they make a better life for children and change their current status？ The author believes that nowadays, the KRG is trying to crack down on problems against children; however, their effort is not adequate and some other activities should be performed, one of which is passing the children＇s law against violence.
基金supported by the grants BT/AB/NIPGR/SEED BIOLOGY/2012 and BT/BI/04/069/2006 for the establishment of Distrib-uted Information Sub-Centre from the Department of Biotechnology,Gov-ernment of India.
文摘Genetic diversity provides the foundation for plant breeding and genetic research.Over 3000 rice genomes were recently sequenced as part of the 3K Rice Genome(3KRG)Project.We added four additional Indian rice accessions to create a panel of 3004 accessions.However,such a large collection of germplasm is difficult to preserve and evaluate.The construction of core and mini-core collections is an efficient method for the management of genetic resources.In this study,we developed a mini-core comprising 520 accessions that captured most of the SNPs and represented all of the phenotypes and geographic regions from the original panel.The mini-core was validated using different statistical analyses and contained representatives from all major rice groups,including japonica,indica,aus/boro,and aromatic/basmati.Genomewide association analyses of the mini-core panel efficiently reproduced the marker–trait associations identified in the original panel.Haplotype analysis validated the utility of the mini-core panel.In the current era with many ongoing large-scale sequencing projects,such a strategy for mini-core design should be useful in many crops.The rice mini-core collection developed in this study would be valuable for agronomic trait evaluation and useful for rice improvement via marker-assisted molecular breeding.
