In terms of the theory of the three hierarchies of distribution in economics,private law can be seen as embodying a 2.5th distribution.Primary distribution confers equal objective rights on all private agents,who acqu...In terms of the theory of the three hierarchies of distribution in economics,private law can be seen as embodying a 2.5th distribution.Primary distribution confers equal objective rights on all private agents,who acquire subjective rights through de facto and de jure acts.The legal environment should be conducive to unleashing the energy and creativity of agents,supporting entrepreneurs,safeguarding competitive neutrality and promoting the mobility of factors of production in order to consolidate the material foundation of common prosperity.Redistribution changes the rules of primary distribution and is an inherent and rightful function of private law.By equalizing the strengths and weaknesses of the interactions of private agents,redistribution is better able to promote self-determination and defend human dignity than public law.Moreover,it enables private law to achieve the national goals of enhancing social welfare and reducing confrontation in the operation of power.Private law lies between redistribution and tertiary distribution,occupying the 2.5th distribution.Its most typical expression is"interference liability,"i.e.,justified harm inflicted in cases of necessity(Aufopferungshaftung).This includes the expansion of the social liability of profitmaking legal persons,the expansion of tort liability,and the limitation of the return of benefits.Private law enables distributive justice to serve as a common basis for the various hierarchies of distribution,incorporating the different values of private law and weighting them differently depending on the circumstances.Distributive justice can also help to transform all private law rules into laws of nature,thus highlighting the neutrality of private law.展开更多
Traditional buildings, particularly residential dwellings, are spatio-temporal reflections of the society and culture in which they were originally sited. Understanding the nature of this built heritage thus fosters i...Traditional buildings, particularly residential dwellings, are spatio-temporal reflections of the society and culture in which they were originally sited. Understanding the nature of this built heritage thus fosters interpretation of previous generations’ experiences in these older settlements, all of which can thus be described as products of several different cultural dimensions. Qassim province, which sits in the central province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is distinguished by having retained various traditional towns and villages, including multiple dwellings representing important eras in the past. However, due to the local population’s abandonment of these traditional towns and movement to new urban areas, and related failures in conservation and restoration, some of these towns have lost many of their unique characteristics, especially with regard to their dwellings. This research thus attempts to interpret the relationships between the spatial configuration of traditional dwellings in Saudi Arabia and their socio-cultural principles and values, focusing on decoding their interior spatial constants and genotypes. The study proposes the use of space syntax theory, represented by the justified plan graph method, as an appropriate socio-spatial methodology for such work, targeting the traditional town of Riyadh Al-Khabra in Qassim province as a case study area, with eight dwellings built between 1900 and 1940 used as examples. Interpretation of analysis results enabled defining spatial constants digitally in these traditional dwellings through the benefit of syntactic analysis techniques, and the main findings of this research reveal the significance of various social and cultural factors and customs among inhabitants with regard to determining the spatial form and properties of traditional dwellings in towns such as Riyadh Al-Khabra.展开更多
This paper analyses the justification of paralepsis adopted by Sherwood Anderson,a great American novelist,in his short story Death in the Woods.By using the changing the perspective,typical Anderson’s theme"gro...This paper analyses the justification of paralepsis adopted by Sherwood Anderson,a great American novelist,in his short story Death in the Woods.By using the changing the perspective,typical Anderson’s theme"grotesque"is enhanced.展开更多
Andrea Palladio’s Renaissance villas are amongst the most famous and widely studied examples of domestic architecture ever produced.The majority of past research about Palladio’s architecture employed historical,mat...Andrea Palladio’s Renaissance villas are amongst the most famous and widely studied examples of domestic architecture ever produced.The majority of past research about Palladio’s architecture employed historical,mathematical and computational methods to analyse their complex proportional systems and rules.In contrast,this paper examines three of Palladio’s arguments about his villas plans which relate to their spatial properties and topological connections.Specifically,this paper uses a computational method e the justified plan graph(JPG)e to test two arguments about the location and significance of the primary salon on the plan,and a third about the extent to which the rooms in Palladio’s plans are,as he claims,flexible enough to contain alternative functions.Using ten of Palladio’s piano nobile(main floor)plans from I Quattro Libri Dell’Architettura as cases,this paper develops mathematical data to test three hypotheses framed around Palladio’s plans and theories.展开更多
杨君是一位女大学生。她在给我们发来的此文时表示了她的“不平”:印度女同胞们似乎“太软弱,太不可理解”!同时,她也承认,这也许应该从性文化,或婚姻文化的视角去观察,去理解。杨君非常幽默地写道,希望此文不要成了男同胞们wife-beatin...杨君是一位女大学生。她在给我们发来的此文时表示了她的“不平”:印度女同胞们似乎“太软弱,太不可理解”!同时,她也承认,这也许应该从性文化,或婚姻文化的视角去观察,去理解。杨君非常幽默地写道,希望此文不要成了男同胞们wife-beating的一个藉口:你看,人家印度妇女! 印度妇女中有相当一部分竟然认为以下五点理由为wife-beating之可接受理由: 1/neglecting the house or children 2/going out without informing their husbands 3/showing disrespect to in-laws 4/suspicion of infidelity 5/inadequate dowry(嫁妆)6/improper cooking 读者朋友,你感到吃惊吗?】展开更多
Cleft lip and palate(CLP)is the most common craniofacial congenital deformity.The etiology of CLP is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors.Millard’s rotation-advan...Cleft lip and palate(CLP)is the most common craniofacial congenital deformity.The etiology of CLP is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors.Millard’s rotation-advancement technique has long been considered as state-of-the-art for unilateral cleft lip repair.However,this method may leave the christa philtri on the cleft side insufficiently downward rotated,especially in wide complete clefts.In this study,we introduce a modified technique to better rotate the christa philtri on the cleft side down.The skin,muscle,and mucosa in the deformed region were dissected and separately maneuvered.Sixty patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were operated with this technique.The lip height,lip length,and relative height of the christa philtri were measured for symmetry evaluation.No significant difference was observed between the relative height of the christa philtri on both sides,either immediate(P=0.214)or 10 months after surgery(P=0.344).The difference observed in the lip height and lip length immediately after surgery became statistically insignificant after 10 months(P=0.104 for lip height and 0.121 for lip length).These results suggested that sufficient and stable downward rotation of the christa philtri on the cleft side can be achieved using our technique.展开更多
Online live streaming is big business nowadays,raking in huge profits and attracting hundreds of millions of viewers.In addition to adults,this flourishing sector is now drawing underage live streamers.
文摘In terms of the theory of the three hierarchies of distribution in economics,private law can be seen as embodying a 2.5th distribution.Primary distribution confers equal objective rights on all private agents,who acquire subjective rights through de facto and de jure acts.The legal environment should be conducive to unleashing the energy and creativity of agents,supporting entrepreneurs,safeguarding competitive neutrality and promoting the mobility of factors of production in order to consolidate the material foundation of common prosperity.Redistribution changes the rules of primary distribution and is an inherent and rightful function of private law.By equalizing the strengths and weaknesses of the interactions of private agents,redistribution is better able to promote self-determination and defend human dignity than public law.Moreover,it enables private law to achieve the national goals of enhancing social welfare and reducing confrontation in the operation of power.Private law lies between redistribution and tertiary distribution,occupying the 2.5th distribution.Its most typical expression is"interference liability,"i.e.,justified harm inflicted in cases of necessity(Aufopferungshaftung).This includes the expansion of the social liability of profitmaking legal persons,the expansion of tort liability,and the limitation of the return of benefits.Private law enables distributive justice to serve as a common basis for the various hierarchies of distribution,incorporating the different values of private law and weighting them differently depending on the circumstances.Distributive justice can also help to transform all private law rules into laws of nature,thus highlighting the neutrality of private law.
文摘Traditional buildings, particularly residential dwellings, are spatio-temporal reflections of the society and culture in which they were originally sited. Understanding the nature of this built heritage thus fosters interpretation of previous generations’ experiences in these older settlements, all of which can thus be described as products of several different cultural dimensions. Qassim province, which sits in the central province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is distinguished by having retained various traditional towns and villages, including multiple dwellings representing important eras in the past. However, due to the local population’s abandonment of these traditional towns and movement to new urban areas, and related failures in conservation and restoration, some of these towns have lost many of their unique characteristics, especially with regard to their dwellings. This research thus attempts to interpret the relationships between the spatial configuration of traditional dwellings in Saudi Arabia and their socio-cultural principles and values, focusing on decoding their interior spatial constants and genotypes. The study proposes the use of space syntax theory, represented by the justified plan graph method, as an appropriate socio-spatial methodology for such work, targeting the traditional town of Riyadh Al-Khabra in Qassim province as a case study area, with eight dwellings built between 1900 and 1940 used as examples. Interpretation of analysis results enabled defining spatial constants digitally in these traditional dwellings through the benefit of syntactic analysis techniques, and the main findings of this research reveal the significance of various social and cultural factors and customs among inhabitants with regard to determining the spatial form and properties of traditional dwellings in towns such as Riyadh Al-Khabra.
文摘This paper analyses the justification of paralepsis adopted by Sherwood Anderson,a great American novelist,in his short story Death in the Woods.By using the changing the perspective,typical Anderson’s theme"grotesque"is enhanced.
基金Financial support for this research was provided by UNSW Scientia Program.
文摘Andrea Palladio’s Renaissance villas are amongst the most famous and widely studied examples of domestic architecture ever produced.The majority of past research about Palladio’s architecture employed historical,mathematical and computational methods to analyse their complex proportional systems and rules.In contrast,this paper examines three of Palladio’s arguments about his villas plans which relate to their spatial properties and topological connections.Specifically,this paper uses a computational method e the justified plan graph(JPG)e to test two arguments about the location and significance of the primary salon on the plan,and a third about the extent to which the rooms in Palladio’s plans are,as he claims,flexible enough to contain alternative functions.Using ten of Palladio’s piano nobile(main floor)plans from I Quattro Libri Dell’Architettura as cases,this paper develops mathematical data to test three hypotheses framed around Palladio’s plans and theories.
文摘杨君是一位女大学生。她在给我们发来的此文时表示了她的“不平”:印度女同胞们似乎“太软弱,太不可理解”!同时,她也承认,这也许应该从性文化,或婚姻文化的视角去观察,去理解。杨君非常幽默地写道,希望此文不要成了男同胞们wife-beating的一个藉口:你看,人家印度妇女! 印度妇女中有相当一部分竟然认为以下五点理由为wife-beating之可接受理由: 1/neglecting the house or children 2/going out without informing their husbands 3/showing disrespect to in-laws 4/suspicion of infidelity 5/inadequate dowry(嫁妆)6/improper cooking 读者朋友,你感到吃惊吗?】
文摘Cleft lip and palate(CLP)is the most common craniofacial congenital deformity.The etiology of CLP is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors.Millard’s rotation-advancement technique has long been considered as state-of-the-art for unilateral cleft lip repair.However,this method may leave the christa philtri on the cleft side insufficiently downward rotated,especially in wide complete clefts.In this study,we introduce a modified technique to better rotate the christa philtri on the cleft side down.The skin,muscle,and mucosa in the deformed region were dissected and separately maneuvered.Sixty patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were operated with this technique.The lip height,lip length,and relative height of the christa philtri were measured for symmetry evaluation.No significant difference was observed between the relative height of the christa philtri on both sides,either immediate(P=0.214)or 10 months after surgery(P=0.344).The difference observed in the lip height and lip length immediately after surgery became statistically insignificant after 10 months(P=0.104 for lip height and 0.121 for lip length).These results suggested that sufficient and stable downward rotation of the christa philtri on the cleft side can be achieved using our technique.
文摘Online live streaming is big business nowadays,raking in huge profits and attracting hundreds of millions of viewers.In addition to adults,this flourishing sector is now drawing underage live streamers.
