Low power supply operation with leakage power reduction is the prime concern in modern nano-scale CMOS memory devices. In the present scenario, low leakage memory architecture becomes more challenging, as it has 30% o...Low power supply operation with leakage power reduction is the prime concern in modern nano-scale CMOS memory devices. In the present scenario, low leakage memory architecture becomes more challenging, as it has 30% of the total chip power consumption. Since, the SRAM cell is low in density and most of memory processing data remain stable during the data holding operation, the stored memory data are more affected by the leakage phenomena in the circuit while the device parameters are scaled down. In this survey, origins of leakage currents in a short-channel device and various leakage control techniques for ultra-low power SRAM design are discussed. A classification of these approaches made based on their key design and functions, such as biasing technique, power gating and multi-threshold techniques. Based on our survey, we summarize the merits and demerits and challenges of these techniques. This comprehensive study will be helpful to extend the further research for future implementations.展开更多
Background:Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy via a transorally inserted-anvil method during laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG)for upper gastric cancer has been demonstrated to be feasible,but the use of this assessm...Background:Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy via a transorally inserted-anvil method during laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG)for upper gastric cancer has been demonstrated to be feasible,but the use of this assessment exclusively for Siewert type 2 adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)has not been reported.Methods:A total of 428 consecutive gastric-cancer patients who underwent LTG in Nanfang Hospital from January 2008 to December 2016 were reviewed.Among these patients,98 were classified as Siewert type 2 AEG.The patients underwent intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy through either a transorally inserted-anvil method(n=27)or extracorporeal anastomosis usinga circular stapler(n=71).After generating propensity scores with covariates that were associated with developing anastomotic leakage,26 patients who underwent esophagojejunostomy via the transorally inserted-anvil method(transoral group)were 1:1 matched with 26 patients who underwent the procedure via extracorporeal anastomosis using a circular stapler(extracorporeal group).The safety after 30 days post-operatively was compared between the two groups.Results:The transoral group and extracorporeal group were balanced regarding the baseline variables.The operative time,reconstruction duration,number of dissected lymph nodes,length of the proximal resectionmargins,estimated blood loss,intra-operative complication rate,and post-operative recovery course were not significantly different between the two groups.The mean anvil-insertion completion time(9.763.0 vs 13.462.0minutes,P<0.001)and the median incision length(5.5 vs 7.0 cm,P<0.001)in the transoral group were shorter than those in the extracorporeal group.The incidence of post-operative complications(26.9%vs 23.1%,P=0.749)and the classification of complication severity(P=0.939)were similar between the two groups.Conclusions:Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy through a transorally inserted-anvil method may be a potentially safe approach to simplify and optimize the procedure during LTG for Siewer展开更多
Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier(IB)function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the birds.As a key aspect of the IB,intestinal permeability(IP)is mainly controlled...Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier(IB)function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the birds.As a key aspect of the IB,intestinal permeability(IP)is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins(TJ)that link enterocytes together.The disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent impli-cations for bacterial translocation,intestinal inflammation,compromised health and performance of the birds.Despite considerable data being available for other species,research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied topic.This paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP,current assessment methods,markers and nutritional modulation of IP.Several experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens,rye-based diets,feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat stress.Although various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP,recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity,in particular non-invasive IP.Although the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage,the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics,prebiotics,amino acids and those feed ingredients,nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory properties.Considerable research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental models.The modulation of IP through various strategies(i.e.nutritional manipulation of diet)may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particularly in an antibiotic-free production system.展开更多
Objective:To identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma(AEG)of the esophagogastric junction.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study ...Objective:To identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma(AEG)of the esophagogastric junction.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study of 903 patients with Siewert type II/III AEG treated from January 2012 to January 2015 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital in China.All patients underwent gastrectomy,and their clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify associations with anastomotic leakage.Independent risk factors were identified by binary logistic regression.The 2-year disease-free survival was calculated and compared between patients with anastomotic leakage and control patients.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanxi Medical University(approval No.2014-09-39)on September 19,2014.Results:Out of the 903 patients were included in the study,80(8.86%,80/903)experienced anastomotic leakage.The mortality rate attributed to anastomotic leakage was 8.75%(7/80).Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative hypoalbuminemia(odds ratio(OR)=3.249,95%confidence interval(CI):1.569-6.725,P=0.002),type of reconstruction(OR=1.795,95%CI:1.026-3.142,P=0.040),and combined organ resection(OR=1.807,95%CI:1.069-3.055,P=0.027)were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage.Conclusion:Preoperative hypoalbuminemia,type of reconstruction,and combined organ resection were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing gastrectomy for Siewert type Ⅱ/Ⅲ AEG.展开更多
文摘Low power supply operation with leakage power reduction is the prime concern in modern nano-scale CMOS memory devices. In the present scenario, low leakage memory architecture becomes more challenging, as it has 30% of the total chip power consumption. Since, the SRAM cell is low in density and most of memory processing data remain stable during the data holding operation, the stored memory data are more affected by the leakage phenomena in the circuit while the device parameters are scaled down. In this survey, origins of leakage currents in a short-channel device and various leakage control techniques for ultra-low power SRAM design are discussed. A classification of these approaches made based on their key design and functions, such as biasing technique, power gating and multi-threshold techniques. Based on our survey, we summarize the merits and demerits and challenges of these techniques. This comprehensive study will be helpful to extend the further research for future implementations.
基金This work was supported by Medtronic,National Key Clinical Specialities Construction Program of China[No.[2012]121]Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province[2013B021800313]Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation[pdjha0094].
文摘Background:Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy via a transorally inserted-anvil method during laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG)for upper gastric cancer has been demonstrated to be feasible,but the use of this assessment exclusively for Siewert type 2 adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)has not been reported.Methods:A total of 428 consecutive gastric-cancer patients who underwent LTG in Nanfang Hospital from January 2008 to December 2016 were reviewed.Among these patients,98 were classified as Siewert type 2 AEG.The patients underwent intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy through either a transorally inserted-anvil method(n=27)or extracorporeal anastomosis usinga circular stapler(n=71).After generating propensity scores with covariates that were associated with developing anastomotic leakage,26 patients who underwent esophagojejunostomy via the transorally inserted-anvil method(transoral group)were 1:1 matched with 26 patients who underwent the procedure via extracorporeal anastomosis using a circular stapler(extracorporeal group).The safety after 30 days post-operatively was compared between the two groups.Results:The transoral group and extracorporeal group were balanced regarding the baseline variables.The operative time,reconstruction duration,number of dissected lymph nodes,length of the proximal resectionmargins,estimated blood loss,intra-operative complication rate,and post-operative recovery course were not significantly different between the two groups.The mean anvil-insertion completion time(9.763.0 vs 13.462.0minutes,P<0.001)and the median incision length(5.5 vs 7.0 cm,P<0.001)in the transoral group were shorter than those in the extracorporeal group.The incidence of post-operative complications(26.9%vs 23.1%,P=0.749)and the classification of complication severity(P=0.939)were similar between the two groups.Conclusions:Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy through a transorally inserted-anvil method may be a potentially safe approach to simplify and optimize the procedure during LTG for Siewer
文摘Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier(IB)function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the birds.As a key aspect of the IB,intestinal permeability(IP)is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins(TJ)that link enterocytes together.The disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent impli-cations for bacterial translocation,intestinal inflammation,compromised health and performance of the birds.Despite considerable data being available for other species,research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied topic.This paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP,current assessment methods,markers and nutritional modulation of IP.Several experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens,rye-based diets,feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat stress.Although various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP,recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity,in particular non-invasive IP.Although the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage,the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics,prebiotics,amino acids and those feed ingredients,nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory properties.Considerable research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental models.The modulation of IP through various strategies(i.e.nutritional manipulation of diet)may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particularly in an antibiotic-free production system.
基金the Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(Nos.320.6750.2020-11-5 and 320.6750.2020-11-6)Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(No.201703D321008).
文摘Objective:To identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma(AEG)of the esophagogastric junction.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study of 903 patients with Siewert type II/III AEG treated from January 2012 to January 2015 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital in China.All patients underwent gastrectomy,and their clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify associations with anastomotic leakage.Independent risk factors were identified by binary logistic regression.The 2-year disease-free survival was calculated and compared between patients with anastomotic leakage and control patients.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanxi Medical University(approval No.2014-09-39)on September 19,2014.Results:Out of the 903 patients were included in the study,80(8.86%,80/903)experienced anastomotic leakage.The mortality rate attributed to anastomotic leakage was 8.75%(7/80).Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative hypoalbuminemia(odds ratio(OR)=3.249,95%confidence interval(CI):1.569-6.725,P=0.002),type of reconstruction(OR=1.795,95%CI:1.026-3.142,P=0.040),and combined organ resection(OR=1.807,95%CI:1.069-3.055,P=0.027)were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage.Conclusion:Preoperative hypoalbuminemia,type of reconstruction,and combined organ resection were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing gastrectomy for Siewert type Ⅱ/Ⅲ AEG.
