In 1913,a so-called Moon Bridge was built in the Japanese garden of the Huntington Library in San Marino,California,USA as a fruit of the Japonism in the Western world at that time.The master carpenter was Toichiro Ka...In 1913,a so-called Moon Bridge was built in the Japanese garden of the Huntington Library in San Marino,California,USA as a fruit of the Japonism in the Western world at that time.The master carpenter was Toichiro Kawai,a Japanese immigrant from Yokohama who was originally a ship carpenter.The bridge is made of wood and shaped in the exaggerated arch form,which classifies the bridge as a"drum bridge"(Taiko-bashi)in Japanese culture.However,the unique structural form of this bridge,the"woven arch",is rare in building history.This paper aims to explore why and how such a bridge appeared in such a place and time.For this purpose,we go from the historical background to its construction history,from the concept of the designer to the detailed design methods.Data come partly from the author’s first-hand investigation and the limited local archive.The most interesting discoveries were made during the detailed on-site investigation,including the fact that the bridge is designed to express the metaphor of"perfection"(full moon)through its geometrical features,and the design is based according to traditional Japanese methods.展开更多
[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to compare the activity difference of digestive enzymes in Japanese eels Anguilla japonics and growth retarded eels under different reaction temperature. [Method] Both 20 nor...[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to compare the activity difference of digestive enzymes in Japanese eels Anguilla japonics and growth retarded eels under different reaction temperature. [Method] Both 20 normal Japanese eels （Weight from 126.4 to 140.2 g per eel） and 20 growth retarded eels （Weight from 3.5 to 8.6 g per eel） were selected, then, the protease, amylase, lipase activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach under the reaction temperature 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 55℃ were measured. [ Result] The protease activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach all reached the highest value for both normal eels and growth retarded eels, and the order of protease activities was intestine 〉 stomach 〉 hepatopancreas except the protease activities of growth retarded eels at the temperature of 5, 15, 55℃ The protease activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach of growth retarded eels were 29.5%, 15.7% and 25.2% of those of normal eels（ P 〈0. 05）. The amylase activities of both normal and growth retarded eels reached the highest value at the temperature of 30 ~C. The amylase activity or- der of normal eels was hepatopancreas 〉 intestine 〉 stomach expect the amylase activity at the temperature of 5 ~C, while the amylase activity order of growth retarded eels is intestine 〉 hepatopancreas 〉 stomach. The amylase activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach of growth retarded eels were 42.4%, 73.7% and 43.8% of those of normal eels （ P 〈 0.05）. The lipase activities of both normal and growth retarded eels reached the highest value at the temperature of 35 ~C. The lipase activity order of normal eels was hepatopancreas 〉 stomach 〉 intestine, while the lipase activity order of growth retarded eels was hepatopancreas 〉 intestine 〉 stomach expect the lipase activity at the temperature of 35 ~C. The lipase activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach of growth retarded eels were 41.5%, 45.6% and 23.2% of those of normal eels（ P �展开更多
文摘In 1913,a so-called Moon Bridge was built in the Japanese garden of the Huntington Library in San Marino,California,USA as a fruit of the Japonism in the Western world at that time.The master carpenter was Toichiro Kawai,a Japanese immigrant from Yokohama who was originally a ship carpenter.The bridge is made of wood and shaped in the exaggerated arch form,which classifies the bridge as a"drum bridge"(Taiko-bashi)in Japanese culture.However,the unique structural form of this bridge,the"woven arch",is rare in building history.This paper aims to explore why and how such a bridge appeared in such a place and time.For this purpose,we go from the historical background to its construction history,from the concept of the designer to the detailed design methods.Data come partly from the author’s first-hand investigation and the limited local archive.The most interesting discoveries were made during the detailed on-site investigation,including the fact that the bridge is designed to express the metaphor of"perfection"(full moon)through its geometrical features,and the design is based according to traditional Japanese methods.
基金LI Shang-da Jimei University Subject construction Fund(ZC2010001)
文摘[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to compare the activity difference of digestive enzymes in Japanese eels Anguilla japonics and growth retarded eels under different reaction temperature. [Method] Both 20 normal Japanese eels （Weight from 126.4 to 140.2 g per eel） and 20 growth retarded eels （Weight from 3.5 to 8.6 g per eel） were selected, then, the protease, amylase, lipase activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach under the reaction temperature 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 55℃ were measured. [ Result] The protease activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach all reached the highest value for both normal eels and growth retarded eels, and the order of protease activities was intestine 〉 stomach 〉 hepatopancreas except the protease activities of growth retarded eels at the temperature of 5, 15, 55℃ The protease activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach of growth retarded eels were 29.5%, 15.7% and 25.2% of those of normal eels（ P 〈0. 05）. The amylase activities of both normal and growth retarded eels reached the highest value at the temperature of 30 ~C. The amylase activity or- der of normal eels was hepatopancreas 〉 intestine 〉 stomach expect the amylase activity at the temperature of 5 ~C, while the amylase activity order of growth retarded eels is intestine 〉 hepatopancreas 〉 stomach. The amylase activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach of growth retarded eels were 42.4%, 73.7% and 43.8% of those of normal eels （ P 〈 0.05）. The lipase activities of both normal and growth retarded eels reached the highest value at the temperature of 35 ~C. The lipase activity order of normal eels was hepatopancreas 〉 stomach 〉 intestine, while the lipase activity order of growth retarded eels was hepatopancreas 〉 intestine 〉 stomach expect the lipase activity at the temperature of 35 ~C. The lipase activities in hepatopancreas, intestine and stomach of growth retarded eels were 41.5%, 45.6% and 23.2% of those of normal eels（ P �
