The coexistence of hydrogen-containing materials and radioactive substances in source rocks is universal.Few documents have researched whether the latter can radiate the former to generate hydrogen gas(H2)as well as t...The coexistence of hydrogen-containing materials and radioactive substances in source rocks is universal.Few documents have researched whether the latter can radiate the former to generate hydrogen gas(H2)as well as the factors controlling this process.This work conducted a series of radiation experiments to address this issue.Samples were placed in sealed Pyrex glass containers and subject to cobalt(60 Co)γirradiation and components and contents of resultant gases were analyzed using gas-chromatography.The results show that all the samples released variable amounts of H2 after irradiation and that the yield(H2)of decane is lower than that of 3-tetradecylthiophene but higher than that of distilled water,which implies that a weaker H-X bond energy(X indicates O,C or other element)in homogeneous materials corresponds with increased yield(H2).The yields(H2)of samples decreased with the decreasing solutions concentrations in sequence from mixed salts solution,KCl solution,Yellow Sea water,oil field water,gypsum solution to distilled water.The experimental results also show that the yield(H2)of distilled water with montmorillonite is higher than that of distilled water with kaolinite,because due to the larger specific surface area,ion exchange capacity and more effective energy transfer effect of montmorillonite.Meanwhile,the irradiation of oxygen-and carbon-containing materials also releases O2 and CH4.The production of H2 via the irradiation of hydrogen-containing materials makes the involvement of exogenous H2 into hydrocarbon generation possible,which can enhance the hydrocarbon volume and optimize crude oil.展开更多
We have performed sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for their application as artificial skin in robots and haptic sensors. Based on a proposed electrolytic polymerization method and novel adhesion techniq...We have performed sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for their application as artificial skin in robots and haptic sensors. Based on a proposed electrolytic polymerization method and novel adhesion technique for rubber and a metal that utilizes a metal complex hydrate, we have developed an MCF rubber sensor. This sensor uses a magnetic compound fluid (MCF), natural rubber (NR-latex) or chloroprene rubber latex (CR-latex), and requires the application of a magnetic field. The potential application of the developed sensor in various engineering scenarios and our daily lives is significant. In this regard, we investigated the effects of γ-irradiation, infrared radiation, microwaves, and a thermal source on the MCF rubber sensor. We established that the MCF rubber is effective enough to be used for power generation of broadband electro-magnetic waves from γ-rays to microwaves, including the range of the solar spectrum, which is the typical characteristic obtained in the present investigation. The remarkable attribute is that the MCF rubber sensor dose is not degraded by γ-irradiation. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the MCF rubber sensor in energy harvesting.展开更多
We irradiated pea seeds with neutrons from a ^(252)Cf source and studied the radiation dose effects on various morphological development parameters during the growth of M_(1) generation peas.We found that in the dose ...We irradiated pea seeds with neutrons from a ^(252)Cf source and studied the radiation dose effects on various morphological development parameters during the growth of M_(1) generation peas.We found that in the dose range of 0.51-9.27 Gy,with the increase in neutron-absorbed dose,the morphological development parameters of M_(1) generation peas at the initial seedling stage showed an obvious trend with three fluctuations.With the development of pea,this trend gradually weakened.Further analysis and verification showed that the main trend in the M_(1) generation of pea seeds was an inhibitory effect induced by neutron irradiation and there was a good linear correlation between the inhibitory effect and neutron absorption dose We successfully demonstrated the background removal of mutant plants and defined morphological developmen parameters for peas that match the overall development of plants.Our results will positively impact neutron mutation breeding and automatic agriculture.展开更多
An enhanced cell-killing effect at the penetra- tion depths around the Bragg peak of a β-delayed particle decay 9C-ion beam has been observed in our preceding ra- diobiological experiments in comparison with a therap...An enhanced cell-killing effect at the penetra- tion depths around the Bragg peak of a β-delayed particle decay 9C-ion beam has been observed in our preceding ra- diobiological experiments in comparison with a therapeutic 12C beam under the same conditions, and RBE values of the 9C beam were revealed to be higher than those of the comparative 12C beam by a factor of up to 2. This study is aimed at investigating the biophysical mechanisms underlying the important experimental phenomenon. First of all, a model for calculating the stopping probability density of the experimentally applied 9C beam is worked out, where all determinants such as the initial momentum spread of the 9C beam, the fluence attenuation with penetration depth due to the projectile-target nuclear reaction and the energy strag- gling effect are taken into account. On the basis of the calcu- lated 9C-ion stopping distribution, it has been found that the area corresponding to the enhanced cell-killing effect of the 9C beam appears at the stopping region of the incident 9C ions. The stopping 9C-ion density in depth, then, is derived from the calculated probability density. Moreover, taking entrance dose 1 Gy for the 9C beam as an example, the aver- age stopping 9C-ion numbers per cell at various depths are deduced. Meanwhile, the mean lethal damage events induced by the 9C and comparative 12C beams at the depths with al- most equal dose-averaged LETs are derived from the meas- ured cell surviving fractions at these depths for the 9C and 12C beams. Under the condition of the same absorbed doses, there are indeed good agreements between the average stop- ping 9C-ion number pre cell and the difference of the mean lethal damage events between the 9C and 12C beams at the depths of similar dose-averaged LETs. It can be inferred that if a 9C ion comes to rest in a cell, the cell would undergo dy- ing. In view of the decay property of 9C nuclide, clustered damage would be caused in the cell by the emitted low-energy particles. Therefore, the results achiev展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41330315 and 41402093)the Education Fund Project of Shaanxi Province(grants No.14JK1732)
文摘The coexistence of hydrogen-containing materials and radioactive substances in source rocks is universal.Few documents have researched whether the latter can radiate the former to generate hydrogen gas(H2)as well as the factors controlling this process.This work conducted a series of radiation experiments to address this issue.Samples were placed in sealed Pyrex glass containers and subject to cobalt(60 Co)γirradiation and components and contents of resultant gases were analyzed using gas-chromatography.The results show that all the samples released variable amounts of H2 after irradiation and that the yield(H2)of decane is lower than that of 3-tetradecylthiophene but higher than that of distilled water,which implies that a weaker H-X bond energy(X indicates O,C or other element)in homogeneous materials corresponds with increased yield(H2).The yields(H2)of samples decreased with the decreasing solutions concentrations in sequence from mixed salts solution,KCl solution,Yellow Sea water,oil field water,gypsum solution to distilled water.The experimental results also show that the yield(H2)of distilled water with montmorillonite is higher than that of distilled water with kaolinite,because due to the larger specific surface area,ion exchange capacity and more effective energy transfer effect of montmorillonite.Meanwhile,the irradiation of oxygen-and carbon-containing materials also releases O2 and CH4.The production of H2 via the irradiation of hydrogen-containing materials makes the involvement of exogenous H2 into hydrocarbon generation possible,which can enhance the hydrocarbon volume and optimize crude oil.
文摘We have performed sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for their application as artificial skin in robots and haptic sensors. Based on a proposed electrolytic polymerization method and novel adhesion technique for rubber and a metal that utilizes a metal complex hydrate, we have developed an MCF rubber sensor. This sensor uses a magnetic compound fluid (MCF), natural rubber (NR-latex) or chloroprene rubber latex (CR-latex), and requires the application of a magnetic field. The potential application of the developed sensor in various engineering scenarios and our daily lives is significant. In this regard, we investigated the effects of γ-irradiation, infrared radiation, microwaves, and a thermal source on the MCF rubber sensor. We established that the MCF rubber is effective enough to be used for power generation of broadband electro-magnetic waves from γ-rays to microwaves, including the range of the solar spectrum, which is the typical characteristic obtained in the present investigation. The remarkable attribute is that the MCF rubber sensor dose is not degraded by γ-irradiation. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the MCF rubber sensor in energy harvesting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11675069 and 12075106)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR10RA607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.lzujbky-2020-kb09)。
文摘We irradiated pea seeds with neutrons from a ^(252)Cf source and studied the radiation dose effects on various morphological development parameters during the growth of M_(1) generation peas.We found that in the dose range of 0.51-9.27 Gy,with the increase in neutron-absorbed dose,the morphological development parameters of M_(1) generation peas at the initial seedling stage showed an obvious trend with three fluctuations.With the development of pea,this trend gradually weakened.Further analysis and verification showed that the main trend in the M_(1) generation of pea seeds was an inhibitory effect induced by neutron irradiation and there was a good linear correlation between the inhibitory effect and neutron absorption dose We successfully demonstrated the background removal of mutant plants and defined morphological developmen parameters for peas that match the overall development of plants.Our results will positively impact neutron mutation breeding and automatic agriculture.
基金supported by the Century Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10205021)
文摘An enhanced cell-killing effect at the penetra- tion depths around the Bragg peak of a β-delayed particle decay 9C-ion beam has been observed in our preceding ra- diobiological experiments in comparison with a therapeutic 12C beam under the same conditions, and RBE values of the 9C beam were revealed to be higher than those of the comparative 12C beam by a factor of up to 2. This study is aimed at investigating the biophysical mechanisms underlying the important experimental phenomenon. First of all, a model for calculating the stopping probability density of the experimentally applied 9C beam is worked out, where all determinants such as the initial momentum spread of the 9C beam, the fluence attenuation with penetration depth due to the projectile-target nuclear reaction and the energy strag- gling effect are taken into account. On the basis of the calcu- lated 9C-ion stopping distribution, it has been found that the area corresponding to the enhanced cell-killing effect of the 9C beam appears at the stopping region of the incident 9C ions. The stopping 9C-ion density in depth, then, is derived from the calculated probability density. Moreover, taking entrance dose 1 Gy for the 9C beam as an example, the aver- age stopping 9C-ion numbers per cell at various depths are deduced. Meanwhile, the mean lethal damage events induced by the 9C and comparative 12C beams at the depths with al- most equal dose-averaged LETs are derived from the meas- ured cell surviving fractions at these depths for the 9C and 12C beams. Under the condition of the same absorbed doses, there are indeed good agreements between the average stop- ping 9C-ion number pre cell and the difference of the mean lethal damage events between the 9C and 12C beams at the depths of similar dose-averaged LETs. It can be inferred that if a 9C ion comes to rest in a cell, the cell would undergo dy- ing. In view of the decay property of 9C nuclide, clustered damage would be caused in the cell by the emitted low-energy particles. Therefore, the results achiev
