Soybean is an important cash crop and its productivity is significantly hampered by salt stress. High salt imposes negative impacts on growth, nodulation, agronomy traits, seed quality and quantity, and thus reduces t...Soybean is an important cash crop and its productivity is significantly hampered by salt stress. High salt imposes negative impacts on growth, nodulation, agronomy traits, seed quality and quantity, and thus reduces the yield of soybean. To cope with salt stress, soybean has developed several tolerance mechanisms, including： （i） maintenance of ion homeostasis; （ii） adjustment in response to osmotic stress; （iii） restoration of osmotic balance; and （iv） other metabolic and structural adaptations. The regulatory network for abiotic stress responses in higher plants has been studied extensively in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Some homologous components involved in salt stress responses have been identified in soybean. In this review, we tried to integrate the relevant works on soybean and proposes a working model to describe its salt stress responses at the molecular level.展开更多
Soil salinity is a growing problem around the world with special relevance in farmlands. The ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli is among the most fundamental processes that enable plants to survive....Soil salinity is a growing problem around the world with special relevance in farmlands. The ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli is among the most fundamental processes that enable plants to survive. At the cellular level, the Salt Overly Sensitive （SOS） signaling pathway that comprises SOS3, SOS2, and SOS1 has been proposed to mediate cellular signaling under salt stress, to maintain ion homeostasis. Less well known is how cellularly heterog- enous organs couple the salt signals to homeostasis maintenance of different types of cells and to appropriate growth of the entire organ and plant. Recent evidence strongly indicates that different regulatory mechanisms are adopted by roots and shoots in response to salt stress. Several reports have stated that, in roots, the SOS proteins may have novel roles in addition to their functions in sodium homeostasis. SOS3 plays a critical role in plastic development of lateral roots through modulation of auxin gradients and maxima in roots under mild salt conditions. The SOS proteins also play a role in the dynamics of cytoskeleton under stress. These results imply a high complexity of the regulatory networks involved in plant response to salinity. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of the SOS signaling and SOS protein functions, and highlights recent understanding on how the SOS proteins contribute to different responses to salt stress besides ion homeostasis.展开更多
采用温室盆栽控制试验,研究0、50、100和150 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫对‘中山杉302’和‘中山杉406’一年生扦插苗的生长和矿质离子吸收、运输和分配的影响。结果表明:(1)50 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下‘中山杉302’苗木相对生...采用温室盆栽控制试验,研究0、50、100和150 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫对‘中山杉302’和‘中山杉406’一年生扦插苗的生长和矿质离子吸收、运输和分配的影响。结果表明:(1)50 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下‘中山杉302’苗木相对生长量显著高于对照,而‘中山杉406’与对照无显著差异;150 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下,‘中山杉406’苗木相对生长量和存活率均高于‘中山杉302’,说明‘中山杉302’对低盐胁迫表现出较强的盐适应力,而‘中山杉406’对高盐胁迫抗性较强;(2)50 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下‘中山杉302’茎、叶能维持相对较低的Na^+水平,同时由根向地上部分选择性运输K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的能力较强;150 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl胁迫下,‘中山杉406’则比‘中山杉302’具有更强的选择性吸收和运输K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的能力,以保持植物体内Na^+与K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的离子之间平衡,2个不同无性系在不同盐浓度胁迫下的适应性差异与其对矿质元素吸收及平衡特性有关。展开更多
为了探讨油菜素内酯对植物耐盐性的调控,以甘蓝型油菜"南盐油1号"为试验材料,研究了外源24-表油菜素内酯(24-EBL)对100、200 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下油菜幼苗干重(DW)、相对含水量(RWC)、渗透调节能力(OAA)、叶片气体交换参数、...为了探讨油菜素内酯对植物耐盐性的调控,以甘蓝型油菜"南盐油1号"为试验材料,研究了外源24-表油菜素内酯(24-EBL)对100、200 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下油菜幼苗干重(DW)、相对含水量(RWC)、渗透调节能力(OAA)、叶片气体交换参数、气孔限制值(Ls)等的调节效应,还测定了不同器官的Na+、K+、Cl-含量,并计算各器官的K+/Na+和SK,Na。结果表明:(1)在不同浓度的盐胁迫下,油菜幼苗DW显著下降,胁迫下外源喷施10-12、10-10、10-8、10-6mol/L 24-EBL作用下,油菜植株干重均不同程度的上升,且植株干重都在10-10mol/L 24-EBL(EBL2)处理下达到最大值,分别比100、200 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下增加29%和20%。与对照相比,非盐胁迫下外源喷施10-12、10-10、10-8、10-6mol/L 24-EBL,油菜幼苗植株干重与对照相比均无显著变化。(2)不同Na Cl浓度胁迫下,油菜叶片的RWC显著下降,外施EBL2可显著提高油菜叶片的RWC和OAA。(3)不同浓度Na Cl胁迫下,油菜幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均不同程度下降,而Ls显著上升,而外喷EBL2可不同程度的提高Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr,降低Ls。(4)与对照相比,Na Cl胁迫下油菜幼苗叶片、叶柄和根的Na+和Cl-含量均显著上升,Na Cl浓度愈高,Na+和Cl-含量上升愈显著。而K+含量均下降,外源EBL2可显著降低幼苗各器官的Na+和Cl-含量,对幼苗叶片K+含量没有影响,但提高了叶柄和根中的K+含量。上述表明,合适浓度的24-EBL外喷可明显提高油菜的耐盐水平,且不同浓度Na Cl胁迫下,最适24-EBL浓度均为10-10mol/L。主要是因为外源喷施24-EBL能显著改善离子稳态和渗透调节能力,从而改善盐胁迫下油菜幼苗的光合作用、水分状况,提高其耐盐性。而24-EBL对盐处理下油菜植株气孔限制的显著改善是其促进其光合、水分利用的重要原因,也是其对100 mmol/L Na Cl处理的油菜生长调控效果优于200 mmol/L Na Cl处理的重要原展开更多
基金Supported by the Hong Kong RGC Earmarked Grant CUHK4434/04Mthe Hong Kong UGC AoE Plant and Agricultural Biotechnology Project AoE-B-07/09 (to H.M. Lam).
文摘Soybean is an important cash crop and its productivity is significantly hampered by salt stress. High salt imposes negative impacts on growth, nodulation, agronomy traits, seed quality and quantity, and thus reduces the yield of soybean. To cope with salt stress, soybean has developed several tolerance mechanisms, including： （i） maintenance of ion homeostasis; （ii） adjustment in response to osmotic stress; （iii） restoration of osmotic balance; and （iv） other metabolic and structural adaptations. The regulatory network for abiotic stress responses in higher plants has been studied extensively in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Some homologous components involved in salt stress responses have been identified in soybean. In this review, we tried to integrate the relevant works on soybean and proposes a working model to describe its salt stress responses at the molecular level.
基金We would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation of China，the National Program on Key Basic Research Project，the Key Basic Research Project of Applied Basic Research Program of Hebei Province，the National Transgenic Key Project of MOA，the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain，the International Exchange Program of the University of Naples ‘Federico Ⅱ' to G.B.No conflict of interest declared
文摘Soil salinity is a growing problem around the world with special relevance in farmlands. The ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli is among the most fundamental processes that enable plants to survive. At the cellular level, the Salt Overly Sensitive （SOS） signaling pathway that comprises SOS3, SOS2, and SOS1 has been proposed to mediate cellular signaling under salt stress, to maintain ion homeostasis. Less well known is how cellularly heterog- enous organs couple the salt signals to homeostasis maintenance of different types of cells and to appropriate growth of the entire organ and plant. Recent evidence strongly indicates that different regulatory mechanisms are adopted by roots and shoots in response to salt stress. Several reports have stated that, in roots, the SOS proteins may have novel roles in addition to their functions in sodium homeostasis. SOS3 plays a critical role in plastic development of lateral roots through modulation of auxin gradients and maxima in roots under mild salt conditions. The SOS proteins also play a role in the dynamics of cytoskeleton under stress. These results imply a high complexity of the regulatory networks involved in plant response to salinity. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of the SOS signaling and SOS protein functions, and highlights recent understanding on how the SOS proteins contribute to different responses to salt stress besides ion homeostasis.
文摘采用温室盆栽控制试验,研究0、50、100和150 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫对‘中山杉302’和‘中山杉406’一年生扦插苗的生长和矿质离子吸收、运输和分配的影响。结果表明:(1)50 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下‘中山杉302’苗木相对生长量显著高于对照,而‘中山杉406’与对照无显著差异;150 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下,‘中山杉406’苗木相对生长量和存活率均高于‘中山杉302’,说明‘中山杉302’对低盐胁迫表现出较强的盐适应力,而‘中山杉406’对高盐胁迫抗性较强;(2)50 mmol·L^(-1) Na Cl胁迫下‘中山杉302’茎、叶能维持相对较低的Na^+水平,同时由根向地上部分选择性运输K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的能力较强;150 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl胁迫下,‘中山杉406’则比‘中山杉302’具有更强的选择性吸收和运输K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的能力,以保持植物体内Na^+与K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的离子之间平衡,2个不同无性系在不同盐浓度胁迫下的适应性差异与其对矿质元素吸收及平衡特性有关。
