本文盘点总结2023年度冠心病领域重要临床研究进展。通过Web of Science网站,以“heart”“cardi*”“myocardi*”“coronary”“arrhythmi*”“valv*”“hypertension”等作为关键词,从顶级医学期刊中进行检索,最终筛选出引用较高且笔...本文盘点总结2023年度冠心病领域重要临床研究进展。通过Web of Science网站,以“heart”“cardi*”“myocardi*”“coronary”“arrhythmi*”“valv*”“hypertension”等作为关键词,从顶级医学期刊中进行检索,最终筛选出引用较高且笔者认为对临床诊疗更具现实指导价值的论著,主要聚焦于腔内影像、血运重建策略、支架内再狭窄、抗血小板治疗以及血脂调控等方面。从提高和优化诊疗技术到新药研发,切实减轻全球冠心病负担。展开更多
AIM To statistically examine the released clinical trials and meta-analyses of polymeric bioresorbable scaffolds resuming the main accomplishments in the field with a translation to the routine clinical practice. METH...AIM To statistically examine the released clinical trials and meta-analyses of polymeric bioresorbable scaffolds resuming the main accomplishments in the field with a translation to the routine clinical practice. METHODS The statistical power in clinical trials such as ABSORB Japan, ABSORB China, EVERBIO II, AIDA, and few meta-analyses by the post hoc odds ratio-based sample size calculation, and the patterns of artery remodeling published in papers from ABSORB A and B trials were evaluated. RESULTS The phenomenal admiration from the first ABSORB studies in 2006-2013 was replaced by the tremendous disappointment in 2014-2017 due to reported relatively higher rates of target lesion failure(a mean prevalence of 9.16%) and device thrombosis(2.38%) in randomized controlled trials. Otherwise, bioresorbable vascular scaffold(BVS) performs as well as the metallic drugeluting stent(DES) with a trend toward some benefits for cardiac mortality [risk ratio(RR), 0.58-0.94, P > 0.05]. The underpowered design was confirmed for some studies such as ABSORB Japan, ABSORB China, EVERBIO Ⅱ, AIDA trials, and meta-analyses of Polimeni, Collet, and Mahmoud with some unintentional bias(judged by the asymmetrical Funnel plot). Scaffold thrombosis rates with Absorb BRS were comparable with DES performed with a so-called strategy of the BVS implantation with optimized pre-dilation(P), sizing(S) and post-dilation(P)(PSP) implantation(RR, PSP vs no PSP 0.37) achieving 0.35 per 100 patient-years, which is comparable to the RR 0.49 with bare-metal stents and the RR 1.06 with everolimus DES. Both ABSORB Ⅱ and ABSORB Ⅲ trials were powered enough for a five-year follow-up, but the results were not entirely conclusive due to the mostly non-significant fashion of data. The powered metaanalyses were built mostly on statistically poor findings. CONCLUSION The misunderstanding of the pathology of transient scaffolding drives the failures of the clinical trials. More bench studies of the vascular response are required. Several next-generation BV展开更多
It is now more than two decades since Nico Pijls and Bernard DeBruyne introduced fractional flow reserve （FFR） as a way to assess stenosis severity in the catheterization laboratory and since Paul Yock invented gray...It is now more than two decades since Nico Pijls and Bernard DeBruyne introduced fractional flow reserve （FFR） as a way to assess stenosis severity in the catheterization laboratory and since Paul Yock invented grayscale intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） that then spawned many second-generation intravascular imaging techniques such as （1） Virtual histology-IVUS （VH-IVUS） that uses both amplitude and radiofrequency ultrasound information to classify plaque as necrotic core,展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a powerful risk factor of coronary artery disease(CAD), leading to death and disability. In recent years, given the accumulating evidence that prediabetes is also related to increasing risk of CAD...Diabetes mellitus is a powerful risk factor of coronary artery disease(CAD), leading to death and disability. In recent years, given the accumulating evidence that prediabetes is also related to increasing risk of CAD including cardiovascular events, a new guideline has been proposed for the treatment of blood cholesterolfor primary prevention of cardiovascular events. This guideline recommends aggressive lipid-lowering statin therapy for primary prevention in diabetes and other patients. The ultimate goal of patient management is to inhibit progression of systemic atherosclerosis and prevent fatal cardiovascular events such as acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Because disruption of atherosclerotic coronary plaques is a trigger of ACS, the high-risk atheroma is called a vulnerable plaque. Several types of novel diagnostic imaging technologies have been developed for identifying the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis before the onset of ACS, especially vulnerable plaques. According to coronary angioscopic evaluation, atherosclerosis severity and plaque vulnerability were more advanced in prediabetic than in nondiabetic patients and comparable to that in diabetic patients. In addition, pharmacological intervention by statin therapy changed plaque color and complexity, and the dynamic changes in plaque features are considered plaque stabilization. In this article, we review the findings of atherosclerosis in prediabetes, detected by intravascular imaging modalities, and the therapeutic implications.展开更多
文摘本文盘点总结2023年度冠心病领域重要临床研究进展。通过Web of Science网站,以“heart”“cardi*”“myocardi*”“coronary”“arrhythmi*”“valv*”“hypertension”等作为关键词,从顶级医学期刊中进行检索,最终筛选出引用较高且笔者认为对临床诊疗更具现实指导价值的论著,主要聚焦于腔内影像、血运重建策略、支架内再狭窄、抗血小板治疗以及血脂调控等方面。从提高和优化诊疗技术到新药研发,切实减轻全球冠心病负担。
文摘AIM To statistically examine the released clinical trials and meta-analyses of polymeric bioresorbable scaffolds resuming the main accomplishments in the field with a translation to the routine clinical practice. METHODS The statistical power in clinical trials such as ABSORB Japan, ABSORB China, EVERBIO II, AIDA, and few meta-analyses by the post hoc odds ratio-based sample size calculation, and the patterns of artery remodeling published in papers from ABSORB A and B trials were evaluated. RESULTS The phenomenal admiration from the first ABSORB studies in 2006-2013 was replaced by the tremendous disappointment in 2014-2017 due to reported relatively higher rates of target lesion failure(a mean prevalence of 9.16%) and device thrombosis(2.38%) in randomized controlled trials. Otherwise, bioresorbable vascular scaffold(BVS) performs as well as the metallic drugeluting stent(DES) with a trend toward some benefits for cardiac mortality [risk ratio(RR), 0.58-0.94, P > 0.05]. The underpowered design was confirmed for some studies such as ABSORB Japan, ABSORB China, EVERBIO Ⅱ, AIDA trials, and meta-analyses of Polimeni, Collet, and Mahmoud with some unintentional bias(judged by the asymmetrical Funnel plot). Scaffold thrombosis rates with Absorb BRS were comparable with DES performed with a so-called strategy of the BVS implantation with optimized pre-dilation(P), sizing(S) and post-dilation(P)(PSP) implantation(RR, PSP vs no PSP 0.37) achieving 0.35 per 100 patient-years, which is comparable to the RR 0.49 with bare-metal stents and the RR 1.06 with everolimus DES. Both ABSORB Ⅱ and ABSORB Ⅲ trials were powered enough for a five-year follow-up, but the results were not entirely conclusive due to the mostly non-significant fashion of data. The powered metaanalyses were built mostly on statistically poor findings. CONCLUSION The misunderstanding of the pathology of transient scaffolding drives the failures of the clinical trials. More bench studies of the vascular response are required. Several next-generation BV
文摘It is now more than two decades since Nico Pijls and Bernard DeBruyne introduced fractional flow reserve （FFR） as a way to assess stenosis severity in the catheterization laboratory and since Paul Yock invented grayscale intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） that then spawned many second-generation intravascular imaging techniques such as （1） Virtual histology-IVUS （VH-IVUS） that uses both amplitude and radiofrequency ultrasound information to classify plaque as necrotic core,
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a powerful risk factor of coronary artery disease(CAD), leading to death and disability. In recent years, given the accumulating evidence that prediabetes is also related to increasing risk of CAD including cardiovascular events, a new guideline has been proposed for the treatment of blood cholesterolfor primary prevention of cardiovascular events. This guideline recommends aggressive lipid-lowering statin therapy for primary prevention in diabetes and other patients. The ultimate goal of patient management is to inhibit progression of systemic atherosclerosis and prevent fatal cardiovascular events such as acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Because disruption of atherosclerotic coronary plaques is a trigger of ACS, the high-risk atheroma is called a vulnerable plaque. Several types of novel diagnostic imaging technologies have been developed for identifying the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis before the onset of ACS, especially vulnerable plaques. According to coronary angioscopic evaluation, atherosclerosis severity and plaque vulnerability were more advanced in prediabetic than in nondiabetic patients and comparable to that in diabetic patients. In addition, pharmacological intervention by statin therapy changed plaque color and complexity, and the dynamic changes in plaque features are considered plaque stabilization. In this article, we review the findings of atherosclerosis in prediabetes, detected by intravascular imaging modalities, and the therapeutic implications.
