Interspecific competition is an important factor in the population dynamics and geographical distribution of insect populations.Fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,an invasive species,and the Asian corn borer(ACB...Interspecific competition is an important factor in the population dynamics and geographical distribution of insect populations.Fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,an invasive species,and the Asian corn borer(ACB),Ostrinia furnacalis,a native pest species are major pests on maize in China,posing a threat to maize yield and grain quality.A series of laboratory,greenhouse,and field experiments were conducted to elucidate the competitive interactions between FAW and ACB.In the laboratory experiments,FAW exhibited aggressive behaviors more frequently when compared with ACB,while the latter species exhibited defense behaviors more frequently.Higher intraspecific competition was recorded in the FAW conspecific rather than in ACB,particularly in the 6th larval stage.FAW had a higher interspecific competitive advantage through intraguild predation over ACB,resulting in partial or complete displacement ACB when initially the ratio of the 2 species was 1:1.The interspecific competition also had significantly influenced on the population parameters,defensive enzymes,and nutrient of these 2 species.Competitive interaction proved that the response of superoxide,catalase,and soluble protein in FAW were significantly increased,whereas the total sugar content in both species was substantially decreased.Survival rate,and the plant damage that co-infested by both species varied significantly among the sequential combinations under greenhouse and field conditions.FAW consistently exhibited stronger intraspecific aggression than ACB under laboratory and field conditions when co-existing on the same feeding guild.These findings contribute to efforts toward the improvement of integrated pest management programs for FAW,in decision making for invasive and native pests’management strategies to reduce the high risks of FAW and ACB outbreaks.展开更多
【背景】玉米(Zeamays)间作花生(Arachishypogaea)(玉米||花生)地上、地下种间作用明显,间作产量优势突出,在缓解我国油粮争地矛盾中起到重要作用,但花生处于种间竞争劣势,成为限制间作优势进一步提高的瓶颈。【目的】探明提高玉米||花...【背景】玉米(Zeamays)间作花生(Arachishypogaea)(玉米||花生)地上、地下种间作用明显,间作产量优势突出,在缓解我国油粮争地矛盾中起到重要作用,但花生处于种间竞争劣势,成为限制间作优势进一步提高的瓶颈。【目的】探明提高玉米||花生体系中花生种间竞争的调控措施及其机理,为玉米||花生高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】2021—2022年在河南科技大学试验农场,以玉米‘郑单958’和花生‘花育16’为供试材料,设种植方式、花生播种方式和施磷量3因素完全随机区组试验,即种植方式设花生单作和玉米||花生,花生播种方式设花生单粒播种和双粒播种,施磷量设0(P0)和180 kg P2O5·hm-2(P180);以花生双粒播种的玉米||花生体系为对照,研究花生单粒播种对间作花生相对玉米的种间竞争力、净光合速率、最大生长速率、干物质积累和分配及间作产量优势的影响。【结果】与花生双粒播种的强势株和弱势株相比,单粒播种显著提高了间作花生相对玉米的侵占力和拥挤系数,相对侵占力分别提高29.72%—80.85%和38.91%—87.07%,相对拥挤系数分别提高76.59%—172.02%和244.43%—308.70%。单粒播种间作花生的净光合速率显著高于双粒播种,最大生长速率明显高于双粒播种的强势株和弱势株,其生育后期的干物质显著提高、干物质向荚果的分配比例增加,提高了茎、叶干物质对荚果的贡献率。单粒播种间作花生的产量和间作优势高于双粒播种,其中产量高出18.84%—33.32%,差异显著。与不施磷相比,施磷显著提高间作花生净光合速率,增加最大生长速率、促进干物质积累,增加产量。【结论】花生单粒播种能提高间作花生产量和间作优势,关键在于单粒播种较双粒播种能增强间作花生种间竞争能力,显著提高净光合速率,促进干物质积累及其向荚果分配。施磷对单粒播种间作花生的�展开更多
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400701)Science and Technology Innovation Project,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS ZDR202108).
文摘Interspecific competition is an important factor in the population dynamics and geographical distribution of insect populations.Fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,an invasive species,and the Asian corn borer(ACB),Ostrinia furnacalis,a native pest species are major pests on maize in China,posing a threat to maize yield and grain quality.A series of laboratory,greenhouse,and field experiments were conducted to elucidate the competitive interactions between FAW and ACB.In the laboratory experiments,FAW exhibited aggressive behaviors more frequently when compared with ACB,while the latter species exhibited defense behaviors more frequently.Higher intraspecific competition was recorded in the FAW conspecific rather than in ACB,particularly in the 6th larval stage.FAW had a higher interspecific competitive advantage through intraguild predation over ACB,resulting in partial or complete displacement ACB when initially the ratio of the 2 species was 1:1.The interspecific competition also had significantly influenced on the population parameters,defensive enzymes,and nutrient of these 2 species.Competitive interaction proved that the response of superoxide,catalase,and soluble protein in FAW were significantly increased,whereas the total sugar content in both species was substantially decreased.Survival rate,and the plant damage that co-infested by both species varied significantly among the sequential combinations under greenhouse and field conditions.FAW consistently exhibited stronger intraspecific aggression than ACB under laboratory and field conditions when co-existing on the same feeding guild.These findings contribute to efforts toward the improvement of integrated pest management programs for FAW,in decision making for invasive and native pests’management strategies to reduce the high risks of FAW and ACB outbreaks.
文摘【背景】玉米(Zeamays)间作花生(Arachishypogaea)(玉米||花生)地上、地下种间作用明显,间作产量优势突出,在缓解我国油粮争地矛盾中起到重要作用,但花生处于种间竞争劣势,成为限制间作优势进一步提高的瓶颈。【目的】探明提高玉米||花生体系中花生种间竞争的调控措施及其机理,为玉米||花生高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】2021—2022年在河南科技大学试验农场,以玉米‘郑单958’和花生‘花育16’为供试材料,设种植方式、花生播种方式和施磷量3因素完全随机区组试验,即种植方式设花生单作和玉米||花生,花生播种方式设花生单粒播种和双粒播种,施磷量设0(P0)和180 kg P2O5·hm-2(P180);以花生双粒播种的玉米||花生体系为对照,研究花生单粒播种对间作花生相对玉米的种间竞争力、净光合速率、最大生长速率、干物质积累和分配及间作产量优势的影响。【结果】与花生双粒播种的强势株和弱势株相比,单粒播种显著提高了间作花生相对玉米的侵占力和拥挤系数,相对侵占力分别提高29.72%—80.85%和38.91%—87.07%,相对拥挤系数分别提高76.59%—172.02%和244.43%—308.70%。单粒播种间作花生的净光合速率显著高于双粒播种,最大生长速率明显高于双粒播种的强势株和弱势株,其生育后期的干物质显著提高、干物质向荚果的分配比例增加,提高了茎、叶干物质对荚果的贡献率。单粒播种间作花生的产量和间作优势高于双粒播种,其中产量高出18.84%—33.32%,差异显著。与不施磷相比,施磷显著提高间作花生净光合速率,增加最大生长速率、促进干物质积累,增加产量。【结论】花生单粒播种能提高间作花生产量和间作优势,关键在于单粒播种较双粒播种能增强间作花生种间竞争能力,显著提高净光合速率,促进干物质积累及其向荚果分配。施磷对单粒播种间作花生的�
