Demand response has the potential to bring significant benefits to the optimal sizing of distributed generation(DG) resources for microgrids planning. This paper presents an integrated resources planning model conside...Demand response has the potential to bring significant benefits to the optimal sizing of distributed generation(DG) resources for microgrids planning. This paper presents an integrated resources planning model considering the impact of interruptible loads(ILs) and shiftable loads(SLs) in microgrids, which simultaneouslydeals with supply side and demand side resources and minimizes the overall planning cost of the microgrid. The proposed model can be applied to offer a quantitative assessment how IL and SL can contribute to microgrid planning. The pure peak clipping model with IL and SL is also provided for comparisons. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of parameters in the model is performed.Numerical results confirm that the proposed model is an effective method for reducing the planning cost of microgrids. It was also found that the major contributing factors of IL and SL have great impact on the economic benefits of the proposed model in low-carbon economy environments.展开更多
With the continuous growth of the tertiary industry and residential loads,balancing the power supply and consumption during peak demand time has become a critical issue.Some studies try to alleviate peak load by incre...With the continuous growth of the tertiary industry and residential loads,balancing the power supply and consumption during peak demand time has become a critical issue.Some studies try to alleviate peak load by increasing power generation on the supply side.Due to the short duration of peak load,this may cause redundant installation capacity.Alternatively,others attempt to shave peak demand by installing energy storage facilities.However,the aforementioned research did not consider interruptible load regulation when optimizing system operations.In fact,regulating interruptible load has great potential for reducing system peak load.In this paper,an interruptible load scheduling model considering the user subsidy rate is first proposed to reduce system peak load and operational costs.This model has fully addressed the constraints of minimum daily load reduction and user interruption load time.After that,by taking a community in Shanghai as an example,the improved chicken swarm optimization algorithm is applied to solve the interruptible load scheduling scheme.Finally,the simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed optimization algorithm and indicate the significant advantages of the proposed model in alleviating the peak load and reducing operational costs.展开更多
UML 2.0 activity diagrams (ADs) are largely used as a modeling language for flow-oriented behaviors in software and business processes. Unfortunately, their place/transition operational semantics is unable to capture ...UML 2.0 activity diagrams (ADs) are largely used as a modeling language for flow-oriented behaviors in software and business processes. Unfortunately, their place/transition operational semantics is unable to capture and preserve semantics of the newly defined high-level activities constructs such as Interruptible Activity Region. Particularly, basic Petri nets do not preserve the non-locality semantics and reactivity concept of ADs. This is mainly due to the absence of global synchronization mechanisms in basic Petri nets. Zero-safe nets are a high-level variant of Petri nets that ensure transitions global coordination thanks to a new kind of places, called zero places. Indeed, zero-safe nets naturally address Interruptible Activity Region that needs a special semantics, forcing the control flow by external events and defining a certain priority level of executions. Therefore, zero-safe nets are adopted in this work as semantic framework for UML 2.0 activity diagrams.展开更多
A new approach to maintenance scheduling of generating units(MSU)in competitive electricity markets was presented,which was formulated as a noncooperative game with complete information.The payoff of each generating c...A new approach to maintenance scheduling of generating units(MSU)in competitive electricity markets was presented,which was formulated as a noncooperative game with complete information.The payoff of each generating company(Genco)was defined as the profit from the energy auction market minus maintenance cost and risk loss.The compensation fee of interruptible load was a part of the maintenance cost when the permitted maintenance capacity in the system was insufficient.Hourly energy auction was incorporated in the computation of both revenues from energy market and risk loss of maintenance strategy as a nested game.A new heuristic search algorithm for the calculation of the game equilibrium of MSU was presented,which coordinates the solutions of non-equilibrium,unique equilibrium and multiple equilibria.Numerical results for a two-Genco system and a realistic system were used to demonstrate the basic ideas and the applicability of the proposed method,as well as its computational efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Youth Science Fund Project (No. 51407113)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Grid-Connected Technology (13DZ2251900) ‘‘Electrical Engineering’’ Shanghai class II Plateau Disciplinelocal capacity building plan of Shanghai science and Technology Commission (16020500900)
文摘Demand response has the potential to bring significant benefits to the optimal sizing of distributed generation(DG) resources for microgrids planning. This paper presents an integrated resources planning model considering the impact of interruptible loads(ILs) and shiftable loads(SLs) in microgrids, which simultaneouslydeals with supply side and demand side resources and minimizes the overall planning cost of the microgrid. The proposed model can be applied to offer a quantitative assessment how IL and SL can contribute to microgrid planning. The pure peak clipping model with IL and SL is also provided for comparisons. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of parameters in the model is performed.Numerical results confirm that the proposed model is an effective method for reducing the planning cost of microgrids. It was also found that the major contributing factors of IL and SL have great impact on the economic benefits of the proposed model in low-carbon economy environments.
文摘With the continuous growth of the tertiary industry and residential loads,balancing the power supply and consumption during peak demand time has become a critical issue.Some studies try to alleviate peak load by increasing power generation on the supply side.Due to the short duration of peak load,this may cause redundant installation capacity.Alternatively,others attempt to shave peak demand by installing energy storage facilities.However,the aforementioned research did not consider interruptible load regulation when optimizing system operations.In fact,regulating interruptible load has great potential for reducing system peak load.In this paper,an interruptible load scheduling model considering the user subsidy rate is first proposed to reduce system peak load and operational costs.This model has fully addressed the constraints of minimum daily load reduction and user interruption load time.After that,by taking a community in Shanghai as an example,the improved chicken swarm optimization algorithm is applied to solve the interruptible load scheduling scheme.Finally,the simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed optimization algorithm and indicate the significant advantages of the proposed model in alleviating the peak load and reducing operational costs.
文摘UML 2.0 activity diagrams (ADs) are largely used as a modeling language for flow-oriented behaviors in software and business processes. Unfortunately, their place/transition operational semantics is unable to capture and preserve semantics of the newly defined high-level activities constructs such as Interruptible Activity Region. Particularly, basic Petri nets do not preserve the non-locality semantics and reactivity concept of ADs. This is mainly due to the absence of global synchronization mechanisms in basic Petri nets. Zero-safe nets are a high-level variant of Petri nets that ensure transitions global coordination thanks to a new kind of places, called zero places. Indeed, zero-safe nets naturally address Interruptible Activity Region that needs a special semantics, forcing the control flow by external events and defining a certain priority level of executions. Therefore, zero-safe nets are adopted in this work as semantic framework for UML 2.0 activity diagrams.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2005AA505101-621)Important Science and Technology Research Project of Shanghai(No.041612012)
文摘A new approach to maintenance scheduling of generating units(MSU)in competitive electricity markets was presented,which was formulated as a noncooperative game with complete information.The payoff of each generating company(Genco)was defined as the profit from the energy auction market minus maintenance cost and risk loss.The compensation fee of interruptible load was a part of the maintenance cost when the permitted maintenance capacity in the system was insufficient.Hourly energy auction was incorporated in the computation of both revenues from energy market and risk loss of maintenance strategy as a nested game.A new heuristic search algorithm for the calculation of the game equilibrium of MSU was presented,which coordinates the solutions of non-equilibrium,unique equilibrium and multiple equilibria.Numerical results for a two-Genco system and a realistic system were used to demonstrate the basic ideas and the applicability of the proposed method,as well as its computational efficiency.
