AIM To identify the factors influencing cecal insertion time(CIT) and to evaluate the effect of obesity indices on CIT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data for participants who received both colonoscopy and a...AIM To identify the factors influencing cecal insertion time(CIT) and to evaluate the effect of obesity indices on CIT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data for participants who received both colonoscopy and abdominal computed tomography(CT) from February 2008 to May 2008 as part of a comprehensive health screening program. Age, gender, obesity indices [body mass index(BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio(WHR), waist circumference(WC), visceral adipose tissue(VAT)volume and subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT) volume on abdominal CT], history of prior abdominal surgery, constipation, experience of the colonoscopist, quality of bowel preparation, diverticulosis and time required to reach the cecum were analyzed. CIT was categorized as longer than 10 min(prolonged CIT) and shorter than or equal to 10 min, and then the factors that required a CIT longer than 10 min were examined.RESULTS A total of 1678 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 50.42 ± 9.931 years and 60.3% were men. The mean BMI, WHR, WC, VAT volume and SAT volume were 23.92 ± 2.964 kg/m2, 0.90 ± 0.076, 86.95 ± 8.030 cm, 905.29 ± 475.220 cm3 and 1707.72 ± 576.550 cm3, respectively. The number of patients who underwent abdominal surgery was 268(16.0%). Colonoscopy was performed by an attending physician alone in 61.9% of cases and with the involvement of a fellow in 38.1% of cases. The median CIT was 7 min(range 2-56 min, IQR 5-10 min), and mean CIT was 8.58 ± 5.291 min. Being female, BMI, VAT volume and involvement of fellow were significantly associated with a prolonged CIT in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, being female(OR = 1.29, P = 0.047), lower BMI(< 23 kg/m2)(OR = 1.62, P = 0.004) or higher BMI(≥ 25 kg/m2)(OR = 1.80, P < 0.001), low VAT volume(< 500 cm3)(OR = 1.50, P = 0.013) and fellow involvement(OR = 1.73, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of prolonged CIT. In subgroup analyses for gender, lower BMI or higher BMI and fellow involvement were predictors for prolonged CIT in both genders. However, low V展开更多
Long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs) are a predominant group of plant transposable elements(TEs) that are an important component of plant genomes. A large number of LTR-RTs have been annotated in the genomes...Long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs) are a predominant group of plant transposable elements(TEs) that are an important component of plant genomes. A large number of LTR-RTs have been annotated in the genomes of the agronomically important oil and vegetable crops of the genus Brassica. Herein, full-length LTR-RTs in the genomes of Brassica and other closely related species were systematically analyzed. The full-length LTR-RT content varied greatly(from 0.43% to 23.4%) between different species, with Gypsy-like LTR-RTs constituting a primary group across these genomes. More importantly, many annotated LTR-RTs(from 10.03% to 33.25% of all detected LTR-RTs) were found to be enriched in localized hotspot regions. Furthermore, all of the analyzed species showed evidence of having experienced at least one round of a LTR-RT burst, with Raphanus sativus experiencing three or more. Moreover, these relatively ancient LTR-RT amplifications exhibited a clear expansion at specific time points. To gain a further understanding of this timing, Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, and R. sativus were examined for the presence of syntenic regions, but none were present. These findings indicate that these LTR-RT burst events were not inherited from a common ancestor,but instead were species-specific bursts that occurred after the divergence of Brassica species. This study further exemplifies the complexities of TE amplifications during the evolution of plant genomes and suggests that these LTR-RT bursts play an important role in genome expansion and divergence in Brassica species.展开更多
BACKGROUND Music has been used to reduce stress and improve task performance during medical therapy.AIM To assess the effects of music on colonoscopy performance outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients w...BACKGROUND Music has been used to reduce stress and improve task performance during medical therapy.AIM To assess the effects of music on colonoscopy performance outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent colonoscopy performed by four endoscopists with popular music.Colonoscopy performance outcomes,such as insertion time,adenoma detection rate(ADR),and polyp detection rate(PDR),were compared between the music and non-music groups.To reduce selection bias,propensity score matching was used.RESULTS After one-to-one propensity score matching,169 colonoscopies were selected from each group.No significant differences in insertion time(4.97 vs 5.17 min,P=0.795)and ADR(39.1%vs 46.2%,P=0.226)were found between the two groups.Subgroup analysis showed that the insertion time(3.6 vs 3.8 min,P=0.852)and ADR(51.1%vs 44.7%,P=0.488)did not significantly differ between the two groups in experts.However,in trainees,PDR(46.9%vs 66.7%,P=0.016)and ADR(25.9%vs 47.6%,P=0.006)were significantly lower in the music than in the nonmusic group.CONCLUSION The current study found that listening to music during colonoscopy did not affect procedure performance.Moreover,it suggested that music may distract trainees from appropriately detecting adenomas and polyps.展开更多
A method using the time reversal（TR） technique to measure the insertion loss（IL） of passive materials is presented.Firstly the received signals are focused according to the TR theory when there is not a sample bet...A method using the time reversal（TR） technique to measure the insertion loss（IL） of passive materials is presented.Firstly the received signals are focused according to the TR theory when there is not a sample between the source and the received array.Then,the sample is placed near the received array and the TR processing is again employed to realize the focus of the received signal.Finally,the IL of the sample is evaluated from these focusing signals.Because the TR processing can focus the energy in spatial domain and time domain,the method can be used to measure acoustic properties of passive materials in a waveguide tank with reflections induced by boundaries or with low source frequencies.Two samples with the same size of 1.1 m×1.0 m×5 mm are tested in the waveguide tank.The method is demonstrated by the comparison of the theoretical and the experimental results in the measured frequency range of 1-20 kHz.展开更多
提出了一种紧凑型的PIN二极管微波开关电路设计。在并联型PIN二极管单刀双掷开关电路设计的基础上,提出了单刀九掷开关电路结构。工作频带宽度为800 MHz。该开关电路可承受连续功率为45 d Bm,电路实测结果为所有通路的插入损耗绝对值不...提出了一种紧凑型的PIN二极管微波开关电路设计。在并联型PIN二极管单刀双掷开关电路设计的基础上,提出了单刀九掷开关电路结构。工作频带宽度为800 MHz。该开关电路可承受连续功率为45 d Bm,电路实测结果为所有通路的插入损耗绝对值不大于1.6 d B,关断时的隔离度绝对值不小于53 d B,通路输入输出驻波比小于1.55,开关时间为450 ns。展开更多
The simulation and planning system(SPS)requires accurate and real-time feedback regarding the deformation of soft tissues during the needle insertion procedure.Traditional mechanical-based models such as the finite el...The simulation and planning system(SPS)requires accurate and real-time feedback regarding the deformation of soft tissues during the needle insertion procedure.Traditional mechanical-based models such as the finite element method(FEM)are widely used to compute the deformations of soft tissue.However,it is difficult for the FEM or other methods to find a balance between an acceptable image fidelity and real-time deformation feedback due to their complex material properties,geometries and interaction mechanisms.In this paper,a Kriging-based method is applied to model the soft tissue deformation to strike a balance between the accuracy and efficiency of deformation feedback.Four combinations of regression and correlation functions are compared regarding their ability to predict the maximum deformations of ten characteristic markers at a fixed insertion depth.The results suggest that a first order regression function with Gaussian correlation functions can best fit the results of the ground truth.The functional response of the Kriging-based method is utilized to model the dynamic deformations of markers at a series of needle insertion depths.The feasibility of the method is verified by investigating the adaptation to step variations.Compared with the ground truth of the finite element(FE)results,the maximum residual is less than 0.92 mm in the Y direction and 0.31 mm in the X direction.The results suggest that the Kriging metamodel provides real-time deformation feedback for a target and an obstacle to a SPS.展开更多
微型反向重复转座元件(MITEs)是一类短的非自主DNA转座子,其分布的位置会对宿主产生影响。文章使用生物信息学的方法对无颌类、软骨鱼纲、肉鳍鱼纲和辐鳍鱼纲鱼类基因组进行了MITEs预测,最终在33种鱼类基因组中鉴定出2433个M I T E s家...微型反向重复转座元件(MITEs)是一类短的非自主DNA转座子,其分布的位置会对宿主产生影响。文章使用生物信息学的方法对无颌类、软骨鱼纲、肉鳍鱼纲和辐鳍鱼纲鱼类基因组进行了MITEs预测,最终在33种鱼类基因组中鉴定出2433个M I T E s家族。文章发现鱼类基因组中M I T E s含量存在较大差异(0.11%—21.18%),并且MITEs含量与鱼类基因组大小呈正相关关系。根据末端重复序列(TIRs)和靶位点重复序列(TSDs)的特征将MITEs分为10个超家族,其中TC1-Mariner超家族的含量最高。MITEs在鱼类基因组中的插入事件主要发生在4百万年前至今,大多数物种的MITEs在2百万—0.5百万年前发生了爆发式扩增。鱼类基因组中的MITEs多数插入到基因内部或附近,这些转座子可能在基因的表达调控方面存在重要作用。展开更多
Single-Pole Double-Throw （SPDT） broadband switch has been designed in a 0.25gm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor （CMOS） process. To optimize the performance of isolation and insertion loss, based on normal d...Single-Pole Double-Throw （SPDT） broadband switch has been designed in a 0.25gm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor （CMOS） process. To optimize the performance of isolation and insertion loss, based on normal design, the effects of Gate Series Resistances （GSR） on insertion loss and switching time are analyzed for the first time. The compatible GSRs are chosen by the analyses. The fabricated chips were tested and the results show the switch isolation from DC （Direct Current） to 1GHz exhibits 55dB and insertion loss lower than 2.1 dB.展开更多
基金Supported by National Cancer Center,South Korea,No.NCC-1610250,No.NCC-1410250,and No.NCC 0810200-1
文摘AIM To identify the factors influencing cecal insertion time(CIT) and to evaluate the effect of obesity indices on CIT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data for participants who received both colonoscopy and abdominal computed tomography(CT) from February 2008 to May 2008 as part of a comprehensive health screening program. Age, gender, obesity indices [body mass index(BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio(WHR), waist circumference(WC), visceral adipose tissue(VAT)volume and subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT) volume on abdominal CT], history of prior abdominal surgery, constipation, experience of the colonoscopist, quality of bowel preparation, diverticulosis and time required to reach the cecum were analyzed. CIT was categorized as longer than 10 min(prolonged CIT) and shorter than or equal to 10 min, and then the factors that required a CIT longer than 10 min were examined.RESULTS A total of 1678 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 50.42 ± 9.931 years and 60.3% were men. The mean BMI, WHR, WC, VAT volume and SAT volume were 23.92 ± 2.964 kg/m2, 0.90 ± 0.076, 86.95 ± 8.030 cm, 905.29 ± 475.220 cm3 and 1707.72 ± 576.550 cm3, respectively. The number of patients who underwent abdominal surgery was 268(16.0%). Colonoscopy was performed by an attending physician alone in 61.9% of cases and with the involvement of a fellow in 38.1% of cases. The median CIT was 7 min(range 2-56 min, IQR 5-10 min), and mean CIT was 8.58 ± 5.291 min. Being female, BMI, VAT volume and involvement of fellow were significantly associated with a prolonged CIT in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, being female(OR = 1.29, P = 0.047), lower BMI(< 23 kg/m2)(OR = 1.62, P = 0.004) or higher BMI(≥ 25 kg/m2)(OR = 1.80, P < 0.001), low VAT volume(< 500 cm3)(OR = 1.50, P = 0.013) and fellow involvement(OR = 1.73, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of prolonged CIT. In subgroup analyses for gender, lower BMI or higher BMI and fellow involvement were predictors for prolonged CIT in both genders. However, low V
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grants 31722048 and 31630068)the National Program on Key Research Project (2016YFD0100307)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, ChinaProspect of Shandong Seed Project, China (Shandong Gov. [2015] Reference No. 212)
文摘Long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs) are a predominant group of plant transposable elements(TEs) that are an important component of plant genomes. A large number of LTR-RTs have been annotated in the genomes of the agronomically important oil and vegetable crops of the genus Brassica. Herein, full-length LTR-RTs in the genomes of Brassica and other closely related species were systematically analyzed. The full-length LTR-RT content varied greatly(from 0.43% to 23.4%) between different species, with Gypsy-like LTR-RTs constituting a primary group across these genomes. More importantly, many annotated LTR-RTs(from 10.03% to 33.25% of all detected LTR-RTs) were found to be enriched in localized hotspot regions. Furthermore, all of the analyzed species showed evidence of having experienced at least one round of a LTR-RT burst, with Raphanus sativus experiencing three or more. Moreover, these relatively ancient LTR-RT amplifications exhibited a clear expansion at specific time points. To gain a further understanding of this timing, Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, and R. sativus were examined for the presence of syntenic regions, but none were present. These findings indicate that these LTR-RT burst events were not inherited from a common ancestor,but instead were species-specific bursts that occurred after the divergence of Brassica species. This study further exemplifies the complexities of TE amplifications during the evolution of plant genomes and suggests that these LTR-RT bursts play an important role in genome expansion and divergence in Brassica species.
文摘BACKGROUND Music has been used to reduce stress and improve task performance during medical therapy.AIM To assess the effects of music on colonoscopy performance outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent colonoscopy performed by four endoscopists with popular music.Colonoscopy performance outcomes,such as insertion time,adenoma detection rate(ADR),and polyp detection rate(PDR),were compared between the music and non-music groups.To reduce selection bias,propensity score matching was used.RESULTS After one-to-one propensity score matching,169 colonoscopies were selected from each group.No significant differences in insertion time(4.97 vs 5.17 min,P=0.795)and ADR(39.1%vs 46.2%,P=0.226)were found between the two groups.Subgroup analysis showed that the insertion time(3.6 vs 3.8 min,P=0.852)and ADR(51.1%vs 44.7%,P=0.488)did not significantly differ between the two groups in experts.However,in trainees,PDR(46.9%vs 66.7%,P=0.016)and ADR(25.9%vs 47.6%,P=0.006)were significantly lower in the music than in the nonmusic group.CONCLUSION The current study found that listening to music during colonoscopy did not affect procedure performance.Moreover,it suggested that music may distract trainees from appropriately detecting adenomas and polyps.
文摘A method using the time reversal（TR） technique to measure the insertion loss（IL） of passive materials is presented.Firstly the received signals are focused according to the TR theory when there is not a sample between the source and the received array.Then,the sample is placed near the received array and the TR processing is again employed to realize the focus of the received signal.Finally,the IL of the sample is evaluated from these focusing signals.Because the TR processing can focus the energy in spatial domain and time domain,the method can be used to measure acoustic properties of passive materials in a waveguide tank with reflections induced by boundaries or with low source frequencies.Two samples with the same size of 1.1 m×1.0 m×5 mm are tested in the waveguide tank.The method is demonstrated by the comparison of the theoretical and the experimental results in the measured frequency range of 1-20 kHz.
文摘提出了一种紧凑型的PIN二极管微波开关电路设计。在并联型PIN二极管单刀双掷开关电路设计的基础上,提出了单刀九掷开关电路结构。工作频带宽度为800 MHz。该开关电路可承受连续功率为45 d Bm,电路实测结果为所有通路的插入损耗绝对值不大于1.6 d B,关断时的隔离度绝对值不小于53 d B,通路输入输出驻波比小于1.55,开关时间为450 ns。
基金National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of China(Grant No.81827804)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LSD19H180004)+1 种基金Science Fund for Creative Group of NSFC(Grant No.51821903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51665049).
文摘The simulation and planning system(SPS)requires accurate and real-time feedback regarding the deformation of soft tissues during the needle insertion procedure.Traditional mechanical-based models such as the finite element method(FEM)are widely used to compute the deformations of soft tissue.However,it is difficult for the FEM or other methods to find a balance between an acceptable image fidelity and real-time deformation feedback due to their complex material properties,geometries and interaction mechanisms.In this paper,a Kriging-based method is applied to model the soft tissue deformation to strike a balance between the accuracy and efficiency of deformation feedback.Four combinations of regression and correlation functions are compared regarding their ability to predict the maximum deformations of ten characteristic markers at a fixed insertion depth.The results suggest that a first order regression function with Gaussian correlation functions can best fit the results of the ground truth.The functional response of the Kriging-based method is utilized to model the dynamic deformations of markers at a series of needle insertion depths.The feasibility of the method is verified by investigating the adaptation to step variations.Compared with the ground truth of the finite element(FE)results,the maximum residual is less than 0.92 mm in the Y direction and 0.31 mm in the X direction.The results suggest that the Kriging metamodel provides real-time deformation feedback for a target and an obstacle to a SPS.
文摘微型反向重复转座元件(MITEs)是一类短的非自主DNA转座子,其分布的位置会对宿主产生影响。文章使用生物信息学的方法对无颌类、软骨鱼纲、肉鳍鱼纲和辐鳍鱼纲鱼类基因组进行了MITEs预测,最终在33种鱼类基因组中鉴定出2433个M I T E s家族。文章发现鱼类基因组中M I T E s含量存在较大差异(0.11%—21.18%),并且MITEs含量与鱼类基因组大小呈正相关关系。根据末端重复序列(TIRs)和靶位点重复序列(TSDs)的特征将MITEs分为10个超家族,其中TC1-Mariner超家族的含量最高。MITEs在鱼类基因组中的插入事件主要发生在4百万年前至今,大多数物种的MITEs在2百万—0.5百万年前发生了爆发式扩增。鱼类基因组中的MITEs多数插入到基因内部或附近,这些转座子可能在基因的表达调控方面存在重要作用。
基金Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60501012).
文摘Single-Pole Double-Throw （SPDT） broadband switch has been designed in a 0.25gm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor （CMOS） process. To optimize the performance of isolation and insertion loss, based on normal design, the effects of Gate Series Resistances （GSR） on insertion loss and switching time are analyzed for the first time. The compatible GSRs are chosen by the analyses. The fabricated chips were tested and the results show the switch isolation from DC （Direct Current） to 1GHz exhibits 55dB and insertion loss lower than 2.1 dB.
