The reversible spreading processes with repeated infection widely exist in nature and human society,such as gonorrhea propagation and meme spreading.Identifying influential spreaders is an important issue in the rever...The reversible spreading processes with repeated infection widely exist in nature and human society,such as gonorrhea propagation and meme spreading.Identifying influential spreaders is an important issue in the reversible spreading dynamics on complex networks,which has been given much attention.Except for structural centrality,the nodes’dynamical states play a significant role in their spreading influence in the reversible spreading processes.By integrating the number of outgoing edges and infection risks of node’s neighbors into structural centrality,a new measure for identifying influential spreaders is articulated which considers the relative importance of structure and dynamics on node influence.The number of outgoing edges and infection risks of neighbors represent the positive effect of the local structural characteristic and the negative effect of the dynamical states of nodes in identifying influential spreaders,respectively.We find that an appropriate combination of these two characteristics can greatly improve the accuracy of the proposed measure in identifying the most influential spreaders.Notably,compared with the positive effect of the local structural characteristic,slightly weakening the negative effect of dynamical states of nodes can make the proposed measure play the best performance.Quantitatively understanding the relative importance of structure and dynamics on node influence provides a significant insight into identifying influential nodes in the reversible spreading processes.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to explore the residual dynamics and degradation rule of high concentration carbendazim in natural condition. [ Method J The earbendasim solutions with mass fractions of 0.2% （ recommended ...[ Objective] The paper was to explore the residual dynamics and degradation rule of high concentration carbendazim in natural condition. [ Method J The earbendasim solutions with mass fractions of 0.2% （ recommended concentration）, 0.4% （2 times of the recommended concentration） and I. 0% （5 times of the recommended concentration） were sprayed on plant leaves, and the residual amount of earbendazim in natural condition was determined. The dynamic models of carbendazim residues Under 3 concentrations were also studied. [ Result~ The degradation of earbcndazim under recommended concentration was accorded with Kinetic model for degradation, but the degradation Kinetic model for samples under 2 times and 5 times concentration appeared dissimilation. The residue of carben- dazim on plant was affected by absorption capacity of plants and weather conditions. The absorption capacity was affected by application concentration and growth condition of plant, higher concentration application and slow growth stage of p]ant were not conducive to the absorption of carbendazim; weather condition was mainly referred to temperature and humidity, higher temperature and dry weather were not conducive to the degradation of earbendazim. [Condusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for guiding the application of carbendazim under different growth stages of crops and different weather conditions in agricultural production.展开更多
This article examines the theory of bilingualism: types of bilingualism, the causes of bilingualism and development of national-Uzbek bilingualism in the context of the national independence of Uzbekistan. According t...This article examines the theory of bilingualism: types of bilingualism, the causes of bilingualism and development of national-Uzbek bilingualism in the context of the national independence of Uzbekistan. According to the author, development of bilingualism in various forms is an important factor in strengthening national consolidation, enhancing the economy and culture of Uzbekistan. The author analyzes the theoretical, historical and socio-poli-tical aspects of development of bilingualism.展开更多
After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional as...After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional asset categories. As the recoverable value cannot be obtained objectively, management can discretionally assess the magnitude of write-downs to affect bottom-line profit. This study used 7258 firm-year observations in China from 1998 to2005 to examine whether the percentage of asset write-downs by statecontrolled firms differs from non-state-controlled firms, conditional upon more conservative financial reporting rules, and investigate whether local auditors support managerial decisions on asset write-downs. The empirical findings support the tendency of state-controlled ownerships to have lower asset write-downs. Local auditors also support managerial decisions on asset write-downs, especially when the companies are controlled by local governments.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875132,11975099,82161148012,11835003,and 61802321)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.18ZR1411800)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.14DZ2260800).
文摘The reversible spreading processes with repeated infection widely exist in nature and human society,such as gonorrhea propagation and meme spreading.Identifying influential spreaders is an important issue in the reversible spreading dynamics on complex networks,which has been given much attention.Except for structural centrality,the nodes’dynamical states play a significant role in their spreading influence in the reversible spreading processes.By integrating the number of outgoing edges and infection risks of node’s neighbors into structural centrality,a new measure for identifying influential spreaders is articulated which considers the relative importance of structure and dynamics on node influence.The number of outgoing edges and infection risks of neighbors represent the positive effect of the local structural characteristic and the negative effect of the dynamical states of nodes in identifying influential spreaders,respectively.We find that an appropriate combination of these two characteristics can greatly improve the accuracy of the proposed measure in identifying the most influential spreaders.Notably,compared with the positive effect of the local structural characteristic,slightly weakening the negative effect of dynamical states of nodes can make the proposed measure play the best performance.Quantitatively understanding the relative importance of structure and dynamics on node influence provides a significant insight into identifying influential nodes in the reversible spreading processes.
基金Supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Changzhou City ( CZ20100028)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to explore the residual dynamics and degradation rule of high concentration carbendazim in natural condition. [ Method J The earbendasim solutions with mass fractions of 0.2% （ recommended concentration）, 0.4% （2 times of the recommended concentration） and I. 0% （5 times of the recommended concentration） were sprayed on plant leaves, and the residual amount of earbendazim in natural condition was determined. The dynamic models of carbendazim residues Under 3 concentrations were also studied. [ Result~ The degradation of earbcndazim under recommended concentration was accorded with Kinetic model for degradation, but the degradation Kinetic model for samples under 2 times and 5 times concentration appeared dissimilation. The residue of carben- dazim on plant was affected by absorption capacity of plants and weather conditions. The absorption capacity was affected by application concentration and growth condition of plant, higher concentration application and slow growth stage of p]ant were not conducive to the absorption of carbendazim; weather condition was mainly referred to temperature and humidity, higher temperature and dry weather were not conducive to the degradation of earbendazim. [Condusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for guiding the application of carbendazim under different growth stages of crops and different weather conditions in agricultural production.
文摘This article examines the theory of bilingualism: types of bilingualism, the causes of bilingualism and development of national-Uzbek bilingualism in the context of the national independence of Uzbekistan. According to the author, development of bilingualism in various forms is an important factor in strengthening national consolidation, enhancing the economy and culture of Uzbekistan. The author analyzes the theoretical, historical and socio-poli-tical aspects of development of bilingualism.
基金funded by grants from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Lingnan University,Hang Seng Management College and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.UGC/IDS14/15)
文摘After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional asset categories. As the recoverable value cannot be obtained objectively, management can discretionally assess the magnitude of write-downs to affect bottom-line profit. This study used 7258 firm-year observations in China from 1998 to2005 to examine whether the percentage of asset write-downs by statecontrolled firms differs from non-state-controlled firms, conditional upon more conservative financial reporting rules, and investigate whether local auditors support managerial decisions on asset write-downs. The empirical findings support the tendency of state-controlled ownerships to have lower asset write-downs. Local auditors also support managerial decisions on asset write-downs, especially when the companies are controlled by local governments.
