This document will from first principles delineate the degree of flatness, or deviations from, in early universe models. We will, afterwards, make comparison with recent results we have looked at concerning metric ten...This document will from first principles delineate the degree of flatness, or deviations from, in early universe models. We will, afterwards, make comparison with recent results we have looked at concerning metric tensor fluctuations and comment upon the role of what early universe gravitational energy may play a role in the presumed deviation from flat space results. Note that N~S<sub>initial(graviton)</sub>~10<sup>37 </sup>will be tied into the presumed results for initial state density, in ways we will comment upon, leading to observations which are supporting the physics given by Equation (26) of this document as with regards to Gravitational waves, from relic conditions. The deviations from flat space may help confirm the conclusions given by Buchert, Carfora, Kolb, and Wiltshire allegedly refuting the claim by Green and Wald that “the standard FLRW model approximates our Universe extremely well on all scales, except close to strong field astrophysical objects”, as well as give additional analysis appropriate for adding detail to expanding experimental procedures for investigating non FLRW models such as the Polynomial Inflation models as given by Kobayashi, and Seto, as well as other nonstandard cosmologies, as brought up by Corda, and other researchers. As well as improve upon post Bicep 2 measurements which will avoid GW signatures from interstellar dust, as opposed to relic GW. We hope that our approach may help in the differentiation between different cosmology models. Most importantly, our procedure may help, with refinement of admissible frequency range, avoid the problem of BICEP 2, which had its presumed GW signals from presumed relic conditions identical to dust induced frequencies, as so identified by the Planck collaboration in reference [25] which we comment upon in the conclusion.展开更多
We look at what may occur if Boltzmann equations, as presented by Murayama in 2007, Les Houches, are applied to graviton density in a pre-Planckian universe setting. Two restrictions are in order. First of all, we are...We look at what may occur if Boltzmann equations, as presented by Murayama in 2007, Les Houches, are applied to graviton density in a pre-Planckian universe setting. Two restrictions are in order. First of all, we are assuming a graviton mass on the order of 10?62 grams, as if the pre-Planckian regime does not change the nature of Graviton mass, in its low end. Secondly, we are also assuming that a comparatively low temperature regime (far below the Planckian temperature) exists. Finally we are leaving unsaid what may happen if Gravitational waves enter the Planck regime of ultra-high temperature. With those three considerations, we proceed to examine a Graviton density value resulting from perturbation from low to higher temperatures. In the end an ultra- hot Pre big bang cosmology will yield essentially no early universe information transfer crossovers to our present cosmological system. This is not affected by the choice if we have a single repeating universe, or a multiverse. A cold pre inflationary state yields a very different situation. Initial frequencies of Gravitons, though, as outlined may be different in the multiverse case, as opposed to the single repeating universe case. We close with comments as to Bicep 2, and how this document has material as to how to avoid the BICEP 2 disaster. And about choosing between either the possibility of massless Scalar-Tensor Gravity as the correct theory of gravitation or conventional GR.展开更多
We initially look at a nonsingular universe representation of entropy, based in part on what is brought up by Muller and Lousto. This is a gateway to bring up information and computational steps (as defined by Seth Ll...We initially look at a nonsingular universe representation of entropy, based in part on what is brought up by Muller and Lousto. This is a gateway to bring up information and computational steps (as defined by Seth Lloyd) as to what will be available initially due to a modified Zero Point Energy formalism. The Zero Point Energy formalism is modified as due to Vissers’s setting of an angular plane number in early universe cosmology as k(maximum) ~ 1/(Planck length), with a specific initial density giving rise to initial information content which may permit fixing the initial Planck’s constant, h, which is pivotal to the setting of physical law. This will be in the spirit of Stoica’s removal of initial conditions of non-pathological initial starting points in Cosmology. What we want are necessary and sufficient conditions so h(today) = h(initial). We also in addition make a brief survey into 5th force arguments in gravity which also has a strict entropy interpretation. i.e., how to link gravity, quantum mechanics, and E and M through entropy production.展开更多
We argue in this document that initial vacuum state values possibly responsible for GW generation in relic conditions in the initial onset of inflation may have a temporary un squeezed, possibly even coherent initial ...We argue in this document that initial vacuum state values possibly responsible for GW generation in relic conditions in the initial onset of inflation may have a temporary un squeezed, possibly even coherent initial value, which would permit in certain models classical coherent initial gravitational wave states. Furthermore, several arguments pro and con as to if or not initial relic GW should be high frequency will be presented. The existence of higher dimensions, in itself if the additional dimensions are small and compact will have no capacity to influence the frequency values of relic GW, as predicted by Giovanni, and others in 1995. Furthermore, to consider are the results of Sahoo, Mishra, and Pacif (2016) which via Bianchi universes, removes the necessity of an initial space-time singularity, which may have bearing on the issue of the degree of the initial coherent states, so postulated for gravitational waves, as is brought up in the conclusion.展开更多
We use the ideas of a million black holes, at the boundary of contribution to the shift from Pre-Planckian to Planckian physics, as a summed up contribution from one million primordial black holes. I.e. this is assumi...We use the ideas of a million black holes, at the boundary of contribution to the shift from Pre-Planckian to Planckian physics, as a summed up contribution from one million primordial black holes. I.e. this is assuming a quantum bounce. This is an extension of work done by the author as to explain the nature of a transition from being tiny to when becomes 1 in value. Taking this into account, this article is a way to delineate the physics, inherent in the transition from to which puts a premium upon the growth of the inflaton, due to , with but with changing from , an 10255 increase in magnitude. This increase in magnitude may be the driver of subsequent inflation. When we have a pre quantum, especially if the inequality becomes an equality, and then the transition to marks the start of quantum gravity, whereas our black hole entropy model used to obtain a non zero entropy contribution from 1 million primordial relic black holes, as referenced, comes from Dr. Sen in an October 10 Run Run Shaw lecture in Stonybrook University.展开更多
First, we calculate the minimum length for the creation of a 1045 Hz relic Gravitational wave. Next, we look Padamababhan’s inflaton physics, and work done by the author for a modified Heisenberg Uncertainty principl...First, we calculate the minimum length for the creation of a 1045 Hz relic Gravitational wave. Next, we look Padamababhan’s inflaton physics, and work done by the author for a modified Heisenberg Uncertainty principle for constraints on a minimum time step. Sciama’s work in “Black hole explosions” (1982) gives us a linkage between a decay rate for black holes, in terms of a life time, and the mass, M of the black hole, which when combined with a simple exposition from Susskind and Hrabovsky (2013) for the most basic evolution the time change in energy E(t), which is how we form a first order treatment of the square of a minimum time step . We then reference what was done by Ng (2008) as far as infinite quantum statistics, for entropy as a particle count, and from first principle get constraints upon entropy production, as a function of boundaries on minimum time step. We assume massive Gravity, and obtain a peak 1036 Giga Hertz frequency range (1045 Hertz) for relic Gravitational waves, and Gravitons.展开更多
文摘This document will from first principles delineate the degree of flatness, or deviations from, in early universe models. We will, afterwards, make comparison with recent results we have looked at concerning metric tensor fluctuations and comment upon the role of what early universe gravitational energy may play a role in the presumed deviation from flat space results. Note that N~S<sub>initial(graviton)</sub>~10<sup>37 </sup>will be tied into the presumed results for initial state density, in ways we will comment upon, leading to observations which are supporting the physics given by Equation (26) of this document as with regards to Gravitational waves, from relic conditions. The deviations from flat space may help confirm the conclusions given by Buchert, Carfora, Kolb, and Wiltshire allegedly refuting the claim by Green and Wald that “the standard FLRW model approximates our Universe extremely well on all scales, except close to strong field astrophysical objects”, as well as give additional analysis appropriate for adding detail to expanding experimental procedures for investigating non FLRW models such as the Polynomial Inflation models as given by Kobayashi, and Seto, as well as other nonstandard cosmologies, as brought up by Corda, and other researchers. As well as improve upon post Bicep 2 measurements which will avoid GW signatures from interstellar dust, as opposed to relic GW. We hope that our approach may help in the differentiation between different cosmology models. Most importantly, our procedure may help, with refinement of admissible frequency range, avoid the problem of BICEP 2, which had its presumed GW signals from presumed relic conditions identical to dust induced frequencies, as so identified by the Planck collaboration in reference [25] which we comment upon in the conclusion.
文摘We look at what may occur if Boltzmann equations, as presented by Murayama in 2007, Les Houches, are applied to graviton density in a pre-Planckian universe setting. Two restrictions are in order. First of all, we are assuming a graviton mass on the order of 10?62 grams, as if the pre-Planckian regime does not change the nature of Graviton mass, in its low end. Secondly, we are also assuming that a comparatively low temperature regime (far below the Planckian temperature) exists. Finally we are leaving unsaid what may happen if Gravitational waves enter the Planck regime of ultra-high temperature. With those three considerations, we proceed to examine a Graviton density value resulting from perturbation from low to higher temperatures. In the end an ultra- hot Pre big bang cosmology will yield essentially no early universe information transfer crossovers to our present cosmological system. This is not affected by the choice if we have a single repeating universe, or a multiverse. A cold pre inflationary state yields a very different situation. Initial frequencies of Gravitons, though, as outlined may be different in the multiverse case, as opposed to the single repeating universe case. We close with comments as to Bicep 2, and how this document has material as to how to avoid the BICEP 2 disaster. And about choosing between either the possibility of massless Scalar-Tensor Gravity as the correct theory of gravitation or conventional GR.
文摘We initially look at a nonsingular universe representation of entropy, based in part on what is brought up by Muller and Lousto. This is a gateway to bring up information and computational steps (as defined by Seth Lloyd) as to what will be available initially due to a modified Zero Point Energy formalism. The Zero Point Energy formalism is modified as due to Vissers’s setting of an angular plane number in early universe cosmology as k(maximum) ~ 1/(Planck length), with a specific initial density giving rise to initial information content which may permit fixing the initial Planck’s constant, h, which is pivotal to the setting of physical law. This will be in the spirit of Stoica’s removal of initial conditions of non-pathological initial starting points in Cosmology. What we want are necessary and sufficient conditions so h(today) = h(initial). We also in addition make a brief survey into 5th force arguments in gravity which also has a strict entropy interpretation. i.e., how to link gravity, quantum mechanics, and E and M through entropy production.
文摘We argue in this document that initial vacuum state values possibly responsible for GW generation in relic conditions in the initial onset of inflation may have a temporary un squeezed, possibly even coherent initial value, which would permit in certain models classical coherent initial gravitational wave states. Furthermore, several arguments pro and con as to if or not initial relic GW should be high frequency will be presented. The existence of higher dimensions, in itself if the additional dimensions are small and compact will have no capacity to influence the frequency values of relic GW, as predicted by Giovanni, and others in 1995. Furthermore, to consider are the results of Sahoo, Mishra, and Pacif (2016) which via Bianchi universes, removes the necessity of an initial space-time singularity, which may have bearing on the issue of the degree of the initial coherent states, so postulated for gravitational waves, as is brought up in the conclusion.
文摘We use the ideas of a million black holes, at the boundary of contribution to the shift from Pre-Planckian to Planckian physics, as a summed up contribution from one million primordial black holes. I.e. this is assuming a quantum bounce. This is an extension of work done by the author as to explain the nature of a transition from being tiny to when becomes 1 in value. Taking this into account, this article is a way to delineate the physics, inherent in the transition from to which puts a premium upon the growth of the inflaton, due to , with but with changing from , an 10255 increase in magnitude. This increase in magnitude may be the driver of subsequent inflation. When we have a pre quantum, especially if the inequality becomes an equality, and then the transition to marks the start of quantum gravity, whereas our black hole entropy model used to obtain a non zero entropy contribution from 1 million primordial relic black holes, as referenced, comes from Dr. Sen in an October 10 Run Run Shaw lecture in Stonybrook University.
文摘First, we calculate the minimum length for the creation of a 1045 Hz relic Gravitational wave. Next, we look Padamababhan’s inflaton physics, and work done by the author for a modified Heisenberg Uncertainty principle for constraints on a minimum time step. Sciama’s work in “Black hole explosions” (1982) gives us a linkage between a decay rate for black holes, in terms of a life time, and the mass, M of the black hole, which when combined with a simple exposition from Susskind and Hrabovsky (2013) for the most basic evolution the time change in energy E(t), which is how we form a first order treatment of the square of a minimum time step . We then reference what was done by Ng (2008) as far as infinite quantum statistics, for entropy as a particle count, and from first principle get constraints upon entropy production, as a function of boundaries on minimum time step. We assume massive Gravity, and obtain a peak 1036 Giga Hertz frequency range (1045 Hertz) for relic Gravitational waves, and Gravitons.
