Introduction: Healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia face significant occupational injury risks, particularly needle stick injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents. This poses a serious threat to their health, leadi...Introduction: Healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia face significant occupational injury risks, particularly needle stick injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents. This poses a serious threat to their health, leading to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Despite the high prevalence of injuries, awareness of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility is relatively high, with 84.0% of respondents aware of it. However, there are gaps in knowledge and implementation, as evidenced by variations in availability of PEP. Improving workplace safety measures, providing comprehensive training on injury prevention and PEP protocols, and ensuring consistent availability of PEP in healthcare facilities are crucial steps to safeguard the well-being of healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital workers in Mogadishu, Somalia, focusing on professionals from various healthcare facilities. The study targeted nurses, doctors, laboratory personnel, and pharmacists. Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 383 calculated using Fisher’s sample size formula. Data were collected using coded questionnaires entered into Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed with SPSS software to generate frequencies and proportions, presented through frequency tables and pie figures. Results: The study in Mogadishu, Somalia, examined the prevalence of occupational injuries and knowledge of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility among healthcare workers. Findings indicate a high prevalence of injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents, predominantly needle stick injuries (60.6%). Despite the majority seeking prompt medical attention (72.0%), work-related illnesses affected 53.2% of respondents, notably work-related stress (59.5%). While most received training on injury and illness prevention (68.9%), gaps exist in PEP awareness, with 16.0% unaware of it. Nonetheless, 84.0% were aware, predominantly through health facilities (52.0%). Availability of 展开更多
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in preventing intrauterine infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to investigate its mechanism. Methods Forty eight pregnant women positiv...Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in preventing intrauterine infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to investigate its mechanism. Methods Forty eight pregnant women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 34 women in the study group were injected with HBIG during pregnancy; the other 14 women were controls. Maternal blood samples were taken before HBIG injection and at delivery. Neonatal blood samples were taken within 24 hours after birth before HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine were given. HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti HBs) were tested by radioimmunoassay. Results None of the 35 newborns (including 2 twins) in the study group was positive for HBsAg, but 3 (21%) in the control group were positive (P=0.02). The HBsAg titers in the women in the study group decreased after HBIG injection. Of the 35 newborns in the study group, 32 (91%) were positive for anti HBs. Conclusion Systematic injections of HBIG during pregnancy may prevent intrauterine HBV infection, the mechanism of which may be reduction of maternal HBV viremia and production of fetal passive immunity.展开更多
目的通过两次调查肇东市农村地区<20岁人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)感染情况,分析该地区1886～2005年乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBV Surface Antigen,HBsAg)、抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)、抗乙...目的通过两次调查肇东市农村地区<20岁人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)感染情况,分析该地区1886～2005年乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBV Surface Antigen,HBsAg)、抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)、抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体(Antibody to HBV Core Antigen,Anti-HBc)感染标志变化,了解该地区乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)的免疫预防效果。方法分别于1986、2005年,对该地区进行横断面调查并采集血标本,用固相放射免疫法检测血清中HBsAg、Anti-HBs、Anti-HBc,分析这三项感染指标的流行情况。结果该地区<20岁人群HBsAg平均阳性率,由1986年的8.5%下降到2005年的4.4%(χ2=10.88,P<0.01),Anti-HBs平均阳性率由18.3%上升到43.1%(χ2=130.47,P<0.01),Anti-HBc平均阳性率由39.9%下降到15.1%(χ2=122.18,P<0.01)。结论肇东市农村地区<20岁人群HBV感染率本底高,1986年使用HepB后,HBV感染率下降明显,但仍高于全国平均水平,提示该地区HepB接种迫切需要加强和改进。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia face significant occupational injury risks, particularly needle stick injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents. This poses a serious threat to their health, leading to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Despite the high prevalence of injuries, awareness of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility is relatively high, with 84.0% of respondents aware of it. However, there are gaps in knowledge and implementation, as evidenced by variations in availability of PEP. Improving workplace safety measures, providing comprehensive training on injury prevention and PEP protocols, and ensuring consistent availability of PEP in healthcare facilities are crucial steps to safeguard the well-being of healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital workers in Mogadishu, Somalia, focusing on professionals from various healthcare facilities. The study targeted nurses, doctors, laboratory personnel, and pharmacists. Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 383 calculated using Fisher’s sample size formula. Data were collected using coded questionnaires entered into Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed with SPSS software to generate frequencies and proportions, presented through frequency tables and pie figures. Results: The study in Mogadishu, Somalia, examined the prevalence of occupational injuries and knowledge of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility among healthcare workers. Findings indicate a high prevalence of injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents, predominantly needle stick injuries (60.6%). Despite the majority seeking prompt medical attention (72.0%), work-related illnesses affected 53.2% of respondents, notably work-related stress (59.5%). While most received training on injury and illness prevention (68.9%), gaps exist in PEP awareness, with 16.0% unaware of it. Nonetheless, 84.0% were aware, predominantly through health facilities (52.0%). Availability of
文摘Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in preventing intrauterine infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to investigate its mechanism. Methods Forty eight pregnant women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 34 women in the study group were injected with HBIG during pregnancy; the other 14 women were controls. Maternal blood samples were taken before HBIG injection and at delivery. Neonatal blood samples were taken within 24 hours after birth before HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine were given. HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti HBs) were tested by radioimmunoassay. Results None of the 35 newborns (including 2 twins) in the study group was positive for HBsAg, but 3 (21%) in the control group were positive (P=0.02). The HBsAg titers in the women in the study group decreased after HBIG injection. Of the 35 newborns in the study group, 32 (91%) were positive for anti HBs. Conclusion Systematic injections of HBIG during pregnancy may prevent intrauterine HBV infection, the mechanism of which may be reduction of maternal HBV viremia and production of fetal passive immunity.
文摘目的通过两次调查肇东市农村地区<20岁人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)感染情况,分析该地区1886～2005年乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBV Surface Antigen,HBsAg)、抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)、抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体(Antibody to HBV Core Antigen,Anti-HBc)感染标志变化,了解该地区乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)的免疫预防效果。方法分别于1986、2005年,对该地区进行横断面调查并采集血标本,用固相放射免疫法检测血清中HBsAg、Anti-HBs、Anti-HBc,分析这三项感染指标的流行情况。结果该地区<20岁人群HBsAg平均阳性率,由1986年的8.5%下降到2005年的4.4%(χ2=10.88,P<0.01),Anti-HBs平均阳性率由18.3%上升到43.1%(χ2=130.47,P<0.01),Anti-HBc平均阳性率由39.9%下降到15.1%(χ2=122.18,P<0.01)。结论肇东市农村地区<20岁人群HBV感染率本底高,1986年使用HepB后,HBV感染率下降明显,但仍高于全国平均水平,提示该地区HepB接种迫切需要加强和改进。
