BACKGROUND Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is associated with adverse events,such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness,and sleep disturbances,and poor maintenance of late ADHD medicati...BACKGROUND Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is associated with adverse events,such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness,and sleep disturbances,and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients’social functioning.AIM To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD.METHODS A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group(methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride)or the non-pharmacological group(parental training,behavior modification,sensory integration therapy,and sand tray therapy),with 45 cases in each group.Outcome measures included treatment compliance,Swanson,Nolan,and Pelham,Version IV(SNAP-IV)scores,Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)scores,and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale(WFIRS)scores.RESULTS The non-pharmacological interventions resulted in significantly higher compliance in patients(95.56%)compared with medication(71.11%)(P<0.05).However,no significant differences in SNAP-IV and PSQ scores,in addition to the learning/school,social activities,and adventure activities of the WFIRS scores were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Patients with non-pharmacological interventions showed higher WFIRS scores for family,daily life skills,and self-concept than those in the pharmacological group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological interventions,in contrast to the potential risks of adverse events after longterm medication,improve patient treatment compliance,alleviate patients’behavioral symptoms of attention,impulsivity,and hyperactivity,and improve their cognitive ability,thereby improving family relationships and patient self-evaluation.展开更多
目的探讨轻度认知障碍(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)各脑区结构性磁共振(sMRI)的特征,发现特征性指标,从而为早期诊断提供帮助。方法随机选取2014年8月~2015年7月ADNI数据库中编号为4018~5210的研究对象543例,根据阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划...目的探讨轻度认知障碍(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)各脑区结构性磁共振(sMRI)的特征,发现特征性指标,从而为早期诊断提供帮助。方法随机选取2014年8月~2015年7月ADNI数据库中编号为4018~5210的研究对象543例,根据阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划(ADNI)数据库诊断标准分为四组:认知功能正常组(CN)139例,早期轻度认知障碍组(EMCI)220例,晚期轻度认知障碍组(LMCI)108例,AD组76例,获得研究对象简易精神状态评价量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)及272项结构性MRI(structural MRI,sMRI)数据。将sMRI数据进行单因素方差分析、多重比较、非参数检验、配对比较分析、多元线性回归分析等统计学方法,发现具有疾病预测意义的特征指标。结果 272项sMRI数据分析,获得CN、EMCI、LMCI、AD四组间差异均有统计学意义的指标28项,其中22项为左右脑区配对部位。左右脑区进行配对比较分析,左半球萎缩程度更严重。28项sMRI数据与MMSE经多元线性回归分析得出,左海马下托体积对MMSE量表评分影响最大。结论随着MCI发病向AD进展,脑萎缩程度逐渐递增,且左半球在疾病进展中萎缩程度更严重,主要集中在边缘系统。其中,左海马下托体积对MMSE量表评分影响最大。展开更多
基金Supported by Ningbo Science and Technology Plan Project Public Welfare Plan(Municipal Level),No:2019C50099Ningbo Medical Key Supporting Discipline Child Health Science,No:2022-F26。
文摘BACKGROUND Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is associated with adverse events,such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness,and sleep disturbances,and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients’social functioning.AIM To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD.METHODS A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group(methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride)or the non-pharmacological group(parental training,behavior modification,sensory integration therapy,and sand tray therapy),with 45 cases in each group.Outcome measures included treatment compliance,Swanson,Nolan,and Pelham,Version IV(SNAP-IV)scores,Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)scores,and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale(WFIRS)scores.RESULTS The non-pharmacological interventions resulted in significantly higher compliance in patients(95.56%)compared with medication(71.11%)(P<0.05).However,no significant differences in SNAP-IV and PSQ scores,in addition to the learning/school,social activities,and adventure activities of the WFIRS scores were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Patients with non-pharmacological interventions showed higher WFIRS scores for family,daily life skills,and self-concept than those in the pharmacological group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological interventions,in contrast to the potential risks of adverse events after longterm medication,improve patient treatment compliance,alleviate patients’behavioral symptoms of attention,impulsivity,and hyperactivity,and improve their cognitive ability,thereby improving family relationships and patient self-evaluation.
文摘目的探讨轻度认知障碍(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)各脑区结构性磁共振(sMRI)的特征,发现特征性指标,从而为早期诊断提供帮助。方法随机选取2014年8月~2015年7月ADNI数据库中编号为4018~5210的研究对象543例,根据阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划(ADNI)数据库诊断标准分为四组:认知功能正常组(CN)139例,早期轻度认知障碍组(EMCI)220例,晚期轻度认知障碍组(LMCI)108例,AD组76例,获得研究对象简易精神状态评价量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)及272项结构性MRI(structural MRI,sMRI)数据。将sMRI数据进行单因素方差分析、多重比较、非参数检验、配对比较分析、多元线性回归分析等统计学方法,发现具有疾病预测意义的特征指标。结果 272项sMRI数据分析,获得CN、EMCI、LMCI、AD四组间差异均有统计学意义的指标28项,其中22项为左右脑区配对部位。左右脑区进行配对比较分析,左半球萎缩程度更严重。28项sMRI数据与MMSE经多元线性回归分析得出,左海马下托体积对MMSE量表评分影响最大。结论随着MCI发病向AD进展,脑萎缩程度逐渐递增,且左半球在疾病进展中萎缩程度更严重,主要集中在边缘系统。其中,左海马下托体积对MMSE量表评分影响最大。
