The aim of this study was to investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolite values in the medial prefrontal cortex of individuals with euthymic bipolar disorder. The subjects consisted of 15 patients wi...The aim of this study was to investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolite values in the medial prefrontal cortex of individuals with euthymic bipolar disorder. The subjects consisted of 15 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder type I and 15 healthy controls. We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and measured levels of N-acetyl aspartate, choline and creatine. Levels of these three metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex were found to be lower in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls. A positive correlation was found between illness duration and choline levels in the right medial prefrontal cortex. Our study suggests that during the euthymic period, there are abnormalities in cellular energy and membrane phospholipid metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex, and that this may impair neuronal activity and integrity.展开更多
目的了解精神分裂症患者首次正式开始治疗前的疾病未治疗期间(duration of untreated illness,DUI)和精神病未治疗期间(duration of untreated psychosis,DUP)及其影响因素。方法应用诺丁汉起病症状量表(Nottingham onset schedule,NOS...目的了解精神分裂症患者首次正式开始治疗前的疾病未治疗期间(duration of untreated illness,DUI)和精神病未治疗期间(duration of untreated psychosis,DUP)及其影响因素。方法应用诺丁汉起病症状量表(Nottingham onset schedule,NOS)调查上海市精神卫生中心的精神分裂症患者,共收集117例。同时,应用自编问卷对患者家属进行访谈,调查可能影响患者及时就诊的因素。结果①精神分裂症患者DUI中位数是181天,DUP中位数是84天。②首发非特异性精神症状以失眠和情绪障碍最为常见,出现频度超过50%;首发精神病性症状以幻听和被害妄想最为常见,出现频度达到47%。③影响患者就诊的主要因素是家属不认识精神病和患者不愿接受诊治。④以DUI中位数181天将患者区分为长DUI组和短DUI组,发现:长DUI组中回答家庭成员意见不一致是延误就诊因素的比例显著高于短DUI组(χ2=3.9,P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者从发病到开始治疗的疾病未治疗期间较长。影响DUI和DUP的因素是多方面的,值得进一步深入研究。展开更多
The basic concept of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is short packet transmission and transient connection. It can quickly establish a connection, send data, and quickly disconnect, so that neighbor discovery is frequent a...The basic concept of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is short packet transmission and transient connection. It can quickly establish a connection, send data, and quickly disconnect, so that neighbor discovery is frequent and becomes an important issue. In the neighbor discovery which includes advertising and scanning, the BLE specification defines several important parameters. The parameters on the advertiser side include advertising interval, advertising duration, etc. On the scanner side, there are scan interval, scan window, etc. How to configure these parameters for quick neighbor discovery has been troublesome for BLE implementers. Prior analyses on BLE discovery process also showed some disagreements or made some incorrect assumptions. In this paper, we use rigorous probability-theory based derivations to obtain different kinds of successful discovery probabilities. We clarify disagreements in prior works and also provide insights on how to configure parameters for maximizing discovery probability. In particular, we prove that the discovery probabilities on each of the three channels are correlated. We also find that, when the advertising duration is set close to some multiples of the scan interval, an ill-fated synchronization problem will occur. To have a high discovery probability, both scan window and scan interval should be set at a large value, though it might not be good for energy saving.展开更多
基金supported by Pamukkale University(Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit)
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolite values in the medial prefrontal cortex of individuals with euthymic bipolar disorder. The subjects consisted of 15 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder type I and 15 healthy controls. We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and measured levels of N-acetyl aspartate, choline and creatine. Levels of these three metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex were found to be lower in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls. A positive correlation was found between illness duration and choline levels in the right medial prefrontal cortex. Our study suggests that during the euthymic period, there are abnormalities in cellular energy and membrane phospholipid metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex, and that this may impair neuronal activity and integrity.
文摘目的了解精神分裂症患者首次正式开始治疗前的疾病未治疗期间(duration of untreated illness,DUI)和精神病未治疗期间(duration of untreated psychosis,DUP)及其影响因素。方法应用诺丁汉起病症状量表(Nottingham onset schedule,NOS)调查上海市精神卫生中心的精神分裂症患者,共收集117例。同时,应用自编问卷对患者家属进行访谈,调查可能影响患者及时就诊的因素。结果①精神分裂症患者DUI中位数是181天,DUP中位数是84天。②首发非特异性精神症状以失眠和情绪障碍最为常见,出现频度超过50%;首发精神病性症状以幻听和被害妄想最为常见,出现频度达到47%。③影响患者就诊的主要因素是家属不认识精神病和患者不愿接受诊治。④以DUI中位数181天将患者区分为长DUI组和短DUI组,发现:长DUI组中回答家庭成员意见不一致是延误就诊因素的比例显著高于短DUI组(χ2=3.9,P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者从发病到开始治疗的疾病未治疗期间较长。影响DUI和DUP的因素是多方面的,值得进一步深入研究。
文摘The basic concept of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is short packet transmission and transient connection. It can quickly establish a connection, send data, and quickly disconnect, so that neighbor discovery is frequent and becomes an important issue. In the neighbor discovery which includes advertising and scanning, the BLE specification defines several important parameters. The parameters on the advertiser side include advertising interval, advertising duration, etc. On the scanner side, there are scan interval, scan window, etc. How to configure these parameters for quick neighbor discovery has been troublesome for BLE implementers. Prior analyses on BLE discovery process also showed some disagreements or made some incorrect assumptions. In this paper, we use rigorous probability-theory based derivations to obtain different kinds of successful discovery probabilities. We clarify disagreements in prior works and also provide insights on how to configure parameters for maximizing discovery probability. In particular, we prove that the discovery probabilities on each of the three channels are correlated. We also find that, when the advertising duration is set close to some multiples of the scan interval, an ill-fated synchronization problem will occur. To have a high discovery probability, both scan window and scan interval should be set at a large value, though it might not be good for energy saving.
