Mg alloys exhibit a number of good properties such as low density, good castability and high specific strength. However, molten Mg and Mg alloys are ignited without the melt protective gases during melting and casting...Mg alloys exhibit a number of good properties such as low density, good castability and high specific strength. However, molten Mg and Mg alloys are ignited without the melt protective gases during melting and casting process due to their high reactivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Ca and CaO on pure Mg through microstructure observation, ignition test and phase analysis. With increasing Ca and CaO contents, the ignition resistance of Ca or CaO added pure Mg is increased and the grains are refined. As results of XRD and EDS, CaO is reduced to Ca in CaO added pure Mg. Mg2Ca phase is formed even in 0.1 wt.%CaO added pure Mg by reduction mechanism, while Mg2Ca phase is formed over 1.35 wt.% Ca added pure Mg.展开更多
This review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the Korea Institute of Materials Science.SEN alloys are produced by addi...This review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the Korea Institute of Materials Science.SEN alloys are produced by adding small amounts of Ca and Y(each<1 wt%)into commercial Mg–Al based alloys,resulting in exceptional ignition and corrosion resistances and impressive mechanical properties.Their main advantages of SEN alloys are as follows.(1)A dense multi-oxide layer of SEN alloys comprising MgO,CaO,and Y_(2)O_(3) impedes the outward dispersion of Mg vapor and the inward penetration of O_(2) during oxidation,thereby enhancing the oxidation and ignition resistances.(2)The presence of Ca-and Y-based second-phase particles in SEN alloys can enhance their corrosion resistance because Ca-containing particles prevent the spread of corrosion,and the replacement of Al-containing particles with less noble ones containing Y(e.g.,Al–Mn–Y or Al–Y particles)retards corrosion.(3)The addition of minor amounts of Ca and Y renders excellent mechanical properties due to improved strengthening effects.These enhanced properties are attributed to more pronounced dynamic recrystallization and grain refining behaviors caused by the second-phase particles during extrusion.(4)Despite the presence of various types of second-phase particles,the fatigue properties of SEN9 alloys are similar to those of commercial AZ91 alloys.(5)Simultaneous introduction of Ca and Y suppresses the formation of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates during aging,leading to the enhanced elongation of aged SEN alloys.(6)Adding mischmetal into the SEN9 alloy leads to a six-fold enhancement in extrudability.Consequently,the studies conducted on SEN alloys demonstrate their excellent ignition and corrosion resistances and mechanical properties,which broaden the industrial applications of Mg alloys by addressing their inherent weaknesses.展开更多
Mg alloys have been widely used in automobile and electronic industries because of high specific strength, good castability, etc. However, molten Mg alloys will burn rapidly in air if not protected. To solve this prob...Mg alloys have been widely used in automobile and electronic industries because of high specific strength, good castability, etc. However, molten Mg alloys will burn rapidly in air if not protected. To solve this problem, the molten metal should be protected from oxidation by blanketing the surface with flux or protective gases. SF6 gas is widely used for Mg alloys as a cover gas and has proved to be a successful inhibitor. However, the use of SF6 gas is limited because of its high cost and its significant impact on non-global warming potential. Therefore, SF6 gas is being replaced by alternative protection gases. Recent studies show that there has been another attempt by adding CaO into Mg alloys. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of CaO on the minimum amount of protective gas, which is necessary not to make ignition in the molten AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys.展开更多
The surface and interior temperature-time curves of blocky cerium modified AZ91D magnesium alloy were measured during a non-protective heating and melting process. Two inflection points with rapid increase in temperat...The surface and interior temperature-time curves of blocky cerium modified AZ91D magnesium alloy were measured during a non-protective heating and melting process. Two inflection points with rapid increase in temperature were found on both curves, which corresponded to the formation of ＂aulifiower＂ oxide on the surface and the occurrence of flame during melting. These two temperatures are therefore defined as oxidation point and ignition point, respectively. The interior temperature-time curve is similar to that measured on the surface except for a comparable time delay. The oxidation and ignition temperatures increase with Ce content, an average increase of 33℃ and 61℃ was found when Ce addition was about 1.0 wt %. However, the increasing rate of the oxidation and ignition temperature decreases with increasing Ce content. An addition of 0.6wt% Ce is recommended for ignition-resistant AZ91 magnesium alloy.展开更多
Magnesium-based materials not only exhibit desirable characteristics such as low density and high specific strength, but also possess exceptional functional properties, including high damping capacity, high thermal co...Magnesium-based materials not only exhibit desirable characteristics such as low density and high specific strength, but also possess exceptional functional properties, including high damping capacity, high thermal conductivity, high electromagnetic interference shielding capacity, flame retardancy, and dissolvability. However, achieving a balance between strength and functional properties remains a significant challenge in Mg alloys community. Typically, strength depends on the pinning effect of defects, such as solute atoms and second phases,which hinder dislocation motion. On the other hand, optimal functional properties usually necessitate relative perfect crystal structures, as the presence of solute atoms and second phases can have adverse effects on damping capacity and thermal conductivity. Balancing these conflicting requirements is difficult. The trade-off between strength and functional properties of the Mg alloys should be broken to meet the urgent need in aerospace, automotive, 3C(computers, communications, and consumer electronics) and energy industries for high performance structural-functional integrated Mg-based materials. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms and influencing factors for the functional properties of Mg alloys. The mechanisms underlying the trade-off between strength and functional properties of Mg alloys is discussed. The latest developed structural-functional integrated Mg alloys and their composites are summarized, including high strength Mg-based materials with high damping capacity/high thermal conductivity/strong electromagnetic shielding capability/excellent flame-resistance/high dissolution rate. The future works of developing structure-function integrated Mg-based materials are proposed.展开更多
文摘Mg alloys exhibit a number of good properties such as low density, good castability and high specific strength. However, molten Mg and Mg alloys are ignited without the melt protective gases during melting and casting process due to their high reactivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Ca and CaO on pure Mg through microstructure observation, ignition test and phase analysis. With increasing Ca and CaO contents, the ignition resistance of Ca or CaO added pure Mg is increased and the grains are refined. As results of XRD and EDS, CaO is reduced to Ca in CaO added pure Mg. Mg2Ca phase is formed even in 0.1 wt.%CaO added pure Mg by reduction mechanism, while Mg2Ca phase is formed over 1.35 wt.% Ca added pure Mg.
基金supported by the Materials and Components Technology Development Program(No.20024843)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,South Korea)by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant(No.CRC23011-000)funded by the Korea government(MSIT).
文摘This review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the Korea Institute of Materials Science.SEN alloys are produced by adding small amounts of Ca and Y(each<1 wt%)into commercial Mg–Al based alloys,resulting in exceptional ignition and corrosion resistances and impressive mechanical properties.Their main advantages of SEN alloys are as follows.(1)A dense multi-oxide layer of SEN alloys comprising MgO,CaO,and Y_(2)O_(3) impedes the outward dispersion of Mg vapor and the inward penetration of O_(2) during oxidation,thereby enhancing the oxidation and ignition resistances.(2)The presence of Ca-and Y-based second-phase particles in SEN alloys can enhance their corrosion resistance because Ca-containing particles prevent the spread of corrosion,and the replacement of Al-containing particles with less noble ones containing Y(e.g.,Al–Mn–Y or Al–Y particles)retards corrosion.(3)The addition of minor amounts of Ca and Y renders excellent mechanical properties due to improved strengthening effects.These enhanced properties are attributed to more pronounced dynamic recrystallization and grain refining behaviors caused by the second-phase particles during extrusion.(4)Despite the presence of various types of second-phase particles,the fatigue properties of SEN9 alloys are similar to those of commercial AZ91 alloys.(5)Simultaneous introduction of Ca and Y suppresses the formation of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates during aging,leading to the enhanced elongation of aged SEN alloys.(6)Adding mischmetal into the SEN9 alloy leads to a six-fold enhancement in extrudability.Consequently,the studies conducted on SEN alloys demonstrate their excellent ignition and corrosion resistances and mechanical properties,which broaden the industrial applications of Mg alloys by addressing their inherent weaknesses.
文摘Mg alloys have been widely used in automobile and electronic industries because of high specific strength, good castability, etc. However, molten Mg alloys will burn rapidly in air if not protected. To solve this problem, the molten metal should be protected from oxidation by blanketing the surface with flux or protective gases. SF6 gas is widely used for Mg alloys as a cover gas and has proved to be a successful inhibitor. However, the use of SF6 gas is limited because of its high cost and its significant impact on non-global warming potential. Therefore, SF6 gas is being replaced by alternative protection gases. Recent studies show that there has been another attempt by adding CaO into Mg alloys. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of CaO on the minimum amount of protective gas, which is necessary not to make ignition in the molten AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys.
基金the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (grant No.2002AA336080) the National Basic Research Program of China (grant No. G2000067202) and Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education.
文摘The surface and interior temperature-time curves of blocky cerium modified AZ91D magnesium alloy were measured during a non-protective heating and melting process. Two inflection points with rapid increase in temperature were found on both curves, which corresponded to the formation of ＂aulifiower＂ oxide on the surface and the occurrence of flame during melting. These two temperatures are therefore defined as oxidation point and ignition point, respectively. The interior temperature-time curve is similar to that measured on the surface except for a comparable time delay. The oxidation and ignition temperatures increase with Ce content, an average increase of 33℃ and 61℃ was found when Ce addition was about 1.0 wt %. However, the increasing rate of the oxidation and ignition temperature decreases with increasing Ce content. An addition of 0.6wt% Ce is recommended for ignition-resistant AZ91 magnesium alloy.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U21A2047,No.51971076,and No.51771062)National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFE0109600)。
文摘Magnesium-based materials not only exhibit desirable characteristics such as low density and high specific strength, but also possess exceptional functional properties, including high damping capacity, high thermal conductivity, high electromagnetic interference shielding capacity, flame retardancy, and dissolvability. However, achieving a balance between strength and functional properties remains a significant challenge in Mg alloys community. Typically, strength depends on the pinning effect of defects, such as solute atoms and second phases,which hinder dislocation motion. On the other hand, optimal functional properties usually necessitate relative perfect crystal structures, as the presence of solute atoms and second phases can have adverse effects on damping capacity and thermal conductivity. Balancing these conflicting requirements is difficult. The trade-off between strength and functional properties of the Mg alloys should be broken to meet the urgent need in aerospace, automotive, 3C(computers, communications, and consumer electronics) and energy industries for high performance structural-functional integrated Mg-based materials. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms and influencing factors for the functional properties of Mg alloys. The mechanisms underlying the trade-off between strength and functional properties of Mg alloys is discussed. The latest developed structural-functional integrated Mg alloys and their composites are summarized, including high strength Mg-based materials with high damping capacity/high thermal conductivity/strong electromagnetic shielding capability/excellent flame-resistance/high dissolution rate. The future works of developing structure-function integrated Mg-based materials are proposed.
