In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates,Holosticha-complex,four closely related holostichids（five populations）,Holosticha bradburyae,H.diademata,Anteholosticha ...In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates,Holosticha-complex,four closely related holostichids（five populations）,Holosticha bradburyae,H.diademata,Anteholosticha sp.,and A.manca,were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences.The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced,and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.differed in three nucleotides（sequence identity 99.8%）.There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.had the identical secondary structure.Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms（Neighbor-Joining,Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian） revealed similar topologies.The results show that：（1） Holosticha bradburyae and H.diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports,forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp.,（2） Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage,in which the morphotype A.manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp.Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha,nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.展开更多
Two forms of A. halimus shrubs: erect habit (A. halimus) and bushy habit shrub (A. schweinfurthii) are used naturally isolated by a considerable distance from each other and occupy the same area. To explore the effect...Two forms of A. halimus shrubs: erect habit (A. halimus) and bushy habit shrub (A. schweinfurthii) are used naturally isolated by a considerable distance from each other and occupy the same area. To explore the effect of natural isolation on the genetic basis of the two forms, Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and the phylogenetic relationships of A. halimus by sequencing ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA are used. Significant isolation-by-distance relationship was found (r = 0.62, P = 0.001). Soil factors did not influence molecular variations. The natural isolation of A. halimus habitats restricts gene flow among the populations and the observed high within-population genetic diversity (74.19%) in this species is best explained by its outcrossing behaviour, long-lived individuals and overlapping generations. The UPGMA analysis of the SCoT results showed that all the studied populations were divided into two discrete genetic groups with significant separation of the two forms in Burg El-Arab area (Populations 1 and 2) and insignificant separation between two forms in El-Hammam area (population 5 and 6). The sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA regions also showed the insignificant separation of the two A. halimus forms. We conclude that gene flow depending on habitat fragmentation was the main factor affecting the population genetic differentiation. We suggest that the two forms do not merit specific rank in presence of interference between the two forms and absence of a breeding barrier fail to separate the different populations when they become sympatric.展开更多
Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus,1964,is a cosmopolitan and well-known marine pathogenic ciliated protist.However,the taxonomy of this species up to now has remained controversial,especially with respect to the...Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus,1964,is a cosmopolitan and well-known marine pathogenic ciliated protist.However,the taxonomy of this species up to now has remained controversial,especially with respect to the validity of the morphologically similar species,Philasterides dicentrarchi,which was considered as a junior synonym of M.avidus.In this study,a population of M.avidus was collected from the skin of pharaoh cuttlefish(Sepia pharaonis) cultured near the East China Sea,Ningbo,China and its morphology and phylogeny were investigated in detail based on living characters,infraciliature,small subunit(SSU) r DNA and ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences.In addition,the morphometrics of a previously reported free-living population,collected from the Bohai Sea,were rechecked and analyzed.We compared the present two isolates with all historic populations of M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi,and found that their morphological characters were either highly similar or exactly identical,indicating that they are the same morphospecies.However,the phylogenetic analyses based on SSU r DNA or ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences revealed that most M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi populations formed one clade,and the two isolates of M.avidus from Weifang and American Type Culture Collection clustered in another clade,which indicated that there might be cryptic species in Miamiensis avidus.展开更多
[Object]To providing new data for phylogenesis of Bangia atropurpurea by the sequencing of internal transcribed spacer（ITS region）of rDNA.[Method]B.atropurpurea was collected from Niangziguan Spring in Shanxi,the DN...[Object]To providing new data for phylogenesis of Bangia atropurpurea by the sequencing of internal transcribed spacer（ITS region）of rDNA.[Method]B.atropurpurea was collected from Niangziguan Spring in Shanxi,the DNA was extracted and the primers were designed for PCR amplification so as to obtain ITS gene sequence.[Result]The homology of ITS region between B.atropurpurea and Porphyra oligospermatangia was 75%,which was 79% between B.atropurpurea and P.yezoensis.[Conclusion]Compared with other genes,the ITS sequence had a greater evolution rate.The differences in classification and distribution resulted in the sequence diversity.展开更多
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 30870264the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity,King Saud University,Saudi Arabia
文摘In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates,Holosticha-complex,four closely related holostichids（five populations）,Holosticha bradburyae,H.diademata,Anteholosticha sp.,and A.manca,were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences.The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced,and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.differed in three nucleotides（sequence identity 99.8%）.There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.had the identical secondary structure.Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms（Neighbor-Joining,Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian） revealed similar topologies.The results show that：（1） Holosticha bradburyae and H.diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports,forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp.,（2） Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage,in which the morphotype A.manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp.Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha,nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.
文摘Two forms of A. halimus shrubs: erect habit (A. halimus) and bushy habit shrub (A. schweinfurthii) are used naturally isolated by a considerable distance from each other and occupy the same area. To explore the effect of natural isolation on the genetic basis of the two forms, Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and the phylogenetic relationships of A. halimus by sequencing ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA are used. Significant isolation-by-distance relationship was found (r = 0.62, P = 0.001). Soil factors did not influence molecular variations. The natural isolation of A. halimus habitats restricts gene flow among the populations and the observed high within-population genetic diversity (74.19%) in this species is best explained by its outcrossing behaviour, long-lived individuals and overlapping generations. The UPGMA analysis of the SCoT results showed that all the studied populations were divided into two discrete genetic groups with significant separation of the two forms in Burg El-Arab area (Populations 1 and 2) and insignificant separation between two forms in El-Hammam area (population 5 and 6). The sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA regions also showed the insignificant separation of the two A. halimus forms. We conclude that gene flow depending on habitat fragmentation was the main factor affecting the population genetic differentiation. We suggest that the two forms do not merit specific rank in presence of interference between the two forms and absence of a breeding barrier fail to separate the different populations when they become sympatric.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31572230)the Open Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Aqua-culture in Ningbo University(No.xkzsc1417)+1 种基金the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo Universitythe Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Ningbo University
文摘Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus,1964,is a cosmopolitan and well-known marine pathogenic ciliated protist.However,the taxonomy of this species up to now has remained controversial,especially with respect to the validity of the morphologically similar species,Philasterides dicentrarchi,which was considered as a junior synonym of M.avidus.In this study,a population of M.avidus was collected from the skin of pharaoh cuttlefish(Sepia pharaonis) cultured near the East China Sea,Ningbo,China and its morphology and phylogeny were investigated in detail based on living characters,infraciliature,small subunit(SSU) r DNA and ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences.In addition,the morphometrics of a previously reported free-living population,collected from the Bohai Sea,were rechecked and analyzed.We compared the present two isolates with all historic populations of M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi,and found that their morphological characters were either highly similar or exactly identical,indicating that they are the same morphospecies.However,the phylogenetic analyses based on SSU r DNA or ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences revealed that most M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi populations formed one clade,and the two isolates of M.avidus from Weifang and American Type Culture Collection clustered in another clade,which indicated that there might be cryptic species in Miamiensis avidus.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China(30970187)~~
文摘[Object]To providing new data for phylogenesis of Bangia atropurpurea by the sequencing of internal transcribed spacer（ITS region）of rDNA.[Method]B.atropurpurea was collected from Niangziguan Spring in Shanxi,the DNA was extracted and the primers were designed for PCR amplification so as to obtain ITS gene sequence.[Result]The homology of ITS region between B.atropurpurea and Porphyra oligospermatangia was 75%,which was 79% between B.atropurpurea and P.yezoensis.[Conclusion]Compared with other genes,the ITS sequence had a greater evolution rate.The differences in classification and distribution resulted in the sequence diversity.
