Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degra...Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degradation （p 〈 0.05）, as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables, were yeast extract, phenol, inoculum size, and temperature. Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors. Central composite design （CCD） and response surface analysis were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum phenol degradation. The analysis results indicated that interactions between yeast extract and temperature, phenol and temperature, inocuhim size and temperature affected the response variable （phenol degradation） significantly. The predicted results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol （99.10%） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of yeast extract 0.41 g/L, phenol 1.03 g/L, inoculum size 1.43% （V/V） and temperature 30.04℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy. This study indicated the excellent ability of C. tropicalis Z-04 in degrading high-strength phenol. Optimal conditions obtained in this experiment laid a solid foundation for further use of this microorganism in the treatment of highstrength phenol effluents.展开更多
Fluctuations in autonomic cardiovascular regulation during exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of heart attack during waking and sleep. This study compared heart rate variability (HVR) and its components d...Fluctuations in autonomic cardiovascular regulation during exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of heart attack during waking and sleep. This study compared heart rate variability (HVR) and its components during sleep at low altitude and after 30 - 41 hours of acclimatization at high altitude (3480 m) in five mountain marathon runners controlled for diet, drugs, light-dark cycle and jet lag. In comparison to sea level, RR-intervals during sleep at high altitude decreased significantly (P 0.001). The significant increase in sympathetic autonomic cardiovascular modulation at high altitude protects against excessive oxygen deprivation during sleep. Increases in R-R intervals can require longer periods of acclimatization at3480 m to mitigate the effects of altitude/hypoxia on sympathetic tone, thus reducing cardiovascular distress at rest during waking and sleep and probably before during and after athletic performance at altitude.展开更多
IEC-60870-5-104规约作为采用标准传输协议子集的IEC60870-5-101的网络访问,由于涉及到网络编程以及颁布时间较晚,在电力系统中还处于推广阶段。目前对104规约的探讨不论是应用还是研究都比较深入,并且取得了一定的成绩,但在软件设计方...IEC-60870-5-104规约作为采用标准传输协议子集的IEC60870-5-101的网络访问,由于涉及到网络编程以及颁布时间较晚,在电力系统中还处于推广阶段。目前对104规约的探讨不论是应用还是研究都比较深入,并且取得了一定的成绩,但在软件设计方面,还没有形成较统一的开发模式,迫切需要一个好的设计方法和工具帮助开发者设计开发通信软件。基于有限状态机理论提出一种设计方法用于104规约的实现。在这种设计方法中,结合通信协议的分层思想进行软件的总体设计,同时应用有限状态机(Finite State Machine,FSM)理论对104规约建模,抽象出有限状态机模型,并提出一种面向对象的FSM实现框架及其配置工具,利用配置工具自动实现FSM。展开更多
制播系统IP化发展过程中,SMPTE ST 2110协议规范并定义了制播系统中不同IP实体流的承载、同步和描述的标准,但只是解决了IP系统中传输层互联互通的问题,而NMOS(网络媒体开放规范)为SMPTE ST 2110的传输层规范补充了控制层与管理层,从而...制播系统IP化发展过程中,SMPTE ST 2110协议规范并定义了制播系统中不同IP实体流的承载、同步和描述的标准,但只是解决了IP系统中传输层互联互通的问题,而NMOS(网络媒体开放规范)为SMPTE ST 2110的传输层规范补充了控制层与管理层,从而将ST 2110本身复杂的操作抽象为提供接口以便于与任何控制系统交互的软件层,将本来复杂的底层操作变为简单的操作。本文主要介绍了制播系统中NMOS(网络媒体开放规范)实现方法,着重分析了IS-04(发现与注册)和IS-05(连接管理)实现细节。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50778110)
文摘Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degradation （p 〈 0.05）, as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables, were yeast extract, phenol, inoculum size, and temperature. Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors. Central composite design （CCD） and response surface analysis were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum phenol degradation. The analysis results indicated that interactions between yeast extract and temperature, phenol and temperature, inocuhim size and temperature affected the response variable （phenol degradation） significantly. The predicted results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol （99.10%） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of yeast extract 0.41 g/L, phenol 1.03 g/L, inoculum size 1.43% （V/V） and temperature 30.04℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy. This study indicated the excellent ability of C. tropicalis Z-04 in degrading high-strength phenol. Optimal conditions obtained in this experiment laid a solid foundation for further use of this microorganism in the treatment of highstrength phenol effluents.
文摘Fluctuations in autonomic cardiovascular regulation during exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of heart attack during waking and sleep. This study compared heart rate variability (HVR) and its components during sleep at low altitude and after 30 - 41 hours of acclimatization at high altitude (3480 m) in five mountain marathon runners controlled for diet, drugs, light-dark cycle and jet lag. In comparison to sea level, RR-intervals during sleep at high altitude decreased significantly (P 0.001). The significant increase in sympathetic autonomic cardiovascular modulation at high altitude protects against excessive oxygen deprivation during sleep. Increases in R-R intervals can require longer periods of acclimatization at3480 m to mitigate the effects of altitude/hypoxia on sympathetic tone, thus reducing cardiovascular distress at rest during waking and sleep and probably before during and after athletic performance at altitude.
文摘IEC-60870-5-104规约作为采用标准传输协议子集的IEC60870-5-101的网络访问,由于涉及到网络编程以及颁布时间较晚,在电力系统中还处于推广阶段。目前对104规约的探讨不论是应用还是研究都比较深入,并且取得了一定的成绩,但在软件设计方面,还没有形成较统一的开发模式,迫切需要一个好的设计方法和工具帮助开发者设计开发通信软件。基于有限状态机理论提出一种设计方法用于104规约的实现。在这种设计方法中,结合通信协议的分层思想进行软件的总体设计,同时应用有限状态机(Finite State Machine,FSM)理论对104规约建模,抽象出有限状态机模型,并提出一种面向对象的FSM实现框架及其配置工具,利用配置工具自动实现FSM。
文摘制播系统IP化发展过程中,SMPTE ST 2110协议规范并定义了制播系统中不同IP实体流的承载、同步和描述的标准,但只是解决了IP系统中传输层互联互通的问题,而NMOS(网络媒体开放规范)为SMPTE ST 2110的传输层规范补充了控制层与管理层,从而将ST 2110本身复杂的操作抽象为提供接口以便于与任何控制系统交互的软件层,将本来复杂的底层操作变为简单的操作。本文主要介绍了制播系统中NMOS(网络媒体开放规范)实现方法,着重分析了IS-04(发现与注册)和IS-05(连接管理)实现细节。
