A protocol was established for simultaneous measurements of zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements by LA-ICP-MS at spot sizes of 16 32 μm.This was accomplished by introducing N 2 into ICP to increase the sensitivity.The...A protocol was established for simultaneous measurements of zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements by LA-ICP-MS at spot sizes of 16 32 μm.This was accomplished by introducing N 2 into ICP to increase the sensitivity.The obtained U-Pb ages for zircon standards GJ-1,TEMORA and SK10-2 are consistent with the preferred values within about 1% uncertainty (2σ) by simple external calibration against zircon standard 91500.Different data reduction softwares could yield different uncertainties for calculation of U-Pb ages.The commercially available program GLITTER4.4 could apply an improper uncertainty calculation strategy,but it may yield artificial high precisions for single analyses.Our trace element analyses indicate that Si is not an ideal internal standard for zircon when calibrated against the NIST glasses.Calibration against the NIST glasses using Si as an internal standard,a systematic deviation of 10% 30% was found for most trace elements including Zr.However,the trace element compositions of zircon can be accurately measured by calibration against multiple reference materials with natural compositions (e.g.,BCR-2G,BHVO-2G and BIR-1G),or calibration against NIST SRM 610 and using Zr as an internal standard.Analyses of two pieces of GJ-1 demonstrate that it is relatively homogenous for most trace elements (except for Ti).展开更多
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，ICP）是一种重要的妊娠期并发症，主要导致围产儿死亡率增加。其发病有明显的地域和种族差异，迄今国际上尚无有关ICP的统一诊治意见。2011年，中华医学会妇产科学分会...妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，ICP）是一种重要的妊娠期并发症，主要导致围产儿死亡率增加。其发病有明显的地域和种族差异，迄今国际上尚无有关ICP的统一诊治意见。2011年，中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组组织国内有关专家，制定了第1版“妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症诊疗指南”，该指南的发表对我国ICP诊治的规范起到了重要的指导作用。展开更多
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The ...Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The etiology of ICP is complex and not fully understood, but it is likely to result from the cholestatic effects of reproductive hormones and their metabolites in genetically susceptible women. Equally unclear are the mechanisms by which the fetal complications occur. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, etiology and management of ICP.展开更多
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，ICP）是妊娠相关的肝脏疾病。ICP的主要临床特征为皮肤瘙痒及血清总胆汁酸（total bile acid, TBA）水平升高,其具有可逆性，分娩后临床症状及实验室检查指标异常可迅速...妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，ICP）是妊娠相关的肝脏疾病。ICP的主要临床特征为皮肤瘙痒及血清总胆汁酸（total bile acid, TBA）水平升高,其具有可逆性，分娩后临床症状及实验室检查指标异常可迅速恢复。与对孕妇的影响相比，ICP对胎儿的危害更大，甚至可导致不可预测的胎儿死亡。目前，尚无预测胎儿预后的敏感指标。展开更多
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，icp）是妊娠期特发疾病，血液生化检查可发现血液胆汁酸水平升高，可引起胎儿猝死、胎儿窘迫、早产等，这些胎儿并发症的发生率是正常妊娠的3倍，在孕晚期也可能出现无...妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，icp）是妊娠期特发疾病，血液生化检查可发现血液胆汁酸水平升高，可引起胎儿猝死、胎儿窘迫、早产等，这些胎儿并发症的发生率是正常妊娠的3倍，在孕晚期也可能出现无法预料的胎死宫内，严重危害母婴的健康。ICP的发病原因和发病机制尚不清楚，由于ICP的高胆汁酸环境，且研究表明，随着母血胆汁酸水平的升高，胎儿的不良结局发生率增高，故对该病的研究多围绕着母体胆汁酸的生成、转运、肝肠循环及胎儿胎盘的胆汁酸代谢及其对胎儿的影响展开，现将有关胆汁酸在ICP中的相关研究综述如下。展开更多
The function of the air target threat evaluation （TE） is the foundation for weapons allocation and senor resources management within the surface air defense. The multi-attribute evaluation methodology is utilized to...The function of the air target threat evaluation （TE） is the foundation for weapons allocation and senor resources management within the surface air defense. The multi-attribute evaluation methodology is utilized to address the issue of the TE in which the tactic features of the detected target are treated as evaluation attributes. Meanwhile, the intuitionistic fuzzy set （IFS） is employed to deal with information uncertainty in the TE process. Furthermore, on the basis of the entropy weight and inclusion-comparison probability, a hybrid TE method is developed. In order to accommodate the demands of naturalistic decision making, the proposed method allows air defense commanders to express their intuitive opinions besides incorporating into the threat features of the detected target. An illustrative example is provided to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.展开更多
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是一种妊娠特有疾病,以不明原因的皮肤瘙痒、肝功能异常,但产后迅速消失或恢复正常为临床特点;主要危害为早产、羊水胎粪污染、胎儿窘迫、死胎、死产,进而使围产儿病...妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是一种妊娠特有疾病,以不明原因的皮肤瘙痒、肝功能异常,但产后迅速消失或恢复正常为临床特点;主要危害为早产、羊水胎粪污染、胎儿窘迫、死胎、死产,进而使围产儿病率及死亡率增加等。由于ICP的发病具有地区差异[1~7],国外关于该病的相关指南较少,国际上尚无统一诊治意见。我国是ICP的高发国家之一,关于ICP的研究相对较多,因此.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNos. 40821061,90914007,40576030 and 90714010)the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of China (Grant No. B07039)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges,China University of Geosciences
文摘A protocol was established for simultaneous measurements of zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements by LA-ICP-MS at spot sizes of 16 32 μm.This was accomplished by introducing N 2 into ICP to increase the sensitivity.The obtained U-Pb ages for zircon standards GJ-1,TEMORA and SK10-2 are consistent with the preferred values within about 1% uncertainty (2σ) by simple external calibration against zircon standard 91500.Different data reduction softwares could yield different uncertainties for calculation of U-Pb ages.The commercially available program GLITTER4.4 could apply an improper uncertainty calculation strategy,but it may yield artificial high precisions for single analyses.Our trace element analyses indicate that Si is not an ideal internal standard for zircon when calibrated against the NIST glasses.Calibration against the NIST glasses using Si as an internal standard,a systematic deviation of 10% 30% was found for most trace elements including Zr.However,the trace element compositions of zircon can be accurately measured by calibration against multiple reference materials with natural compositions (e.g.,BCR-2G,BHVO-2G and BIR-1G),or calibration against NIST SRM 610 and using Zr as an internal standard.Analyses of two pieces of GJ-1 demonstrate that it is relatively homogenous for most trace elements (except for Ti).
文摘妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，ICP）是一种重要的妊娠期并发症，主要导致围产儿死亡率增加。其发病有明显的地域和种族差异，迄今国际上尚无有关ICP的统一诊治意见。2011年，中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组组织国内有关专家，制定了第1版“妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症诊疗指南”，该指南的发表对我国ICP诊治的规范起到了重要的指导作用。
文摘Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The etiology of ICP is complex and not fully understood, but it is likely to result from the cholestatic effects of reproductive hormones and their metabolites in genetically susceptible women. Equally unclear are the mechanisms by which the fetal complications occur. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, etiology and management of ICP.
文摘妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，ICP）是妊娠相关的肝脏疾病。ICP的主要临床特征为皮肤瘙痒及血清总胆汁酸（total bile acid, TBA）水平升高,其具有可逆性，分娩后临床症状及实验室检查指标异常可迅速恢复。与对孕妇的影响相比，ICP对胎儿的危害更大，甚至可导致不可预测的胎儿死亡。目前，尚无预测胎儿预后的敏感指标。
文摘妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy，icp）是妊娠期特发疾病，血液生化检查可发现血液胆汁酸水平升高，可引起胎儿猝死、胎儿窘迫、早产等，这些胎儿并发症的发生率是正常妊娠的3倍，在孕晚期也可能出现无法预料的胎死宫内，严重危害母婴的健康。ICP的发病原因和发病机制尚不清楚，由于ICP的高胆汁酸环境，且研究表明，随着母血胆汁酸水平的升高，胎儿的不良结局发生率增高，故对该病的研究多围绕着母体胆汁酸的生成、转运、肝肠循环及胎儿胎盘的胆汁酸代谢及其对胎儿的影响展开，现将有关胆汁酸在ICP中的相关研究综述如下。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70871117 70571086)the Development Foundation of Dalian Naval Academy
文摘The function of the air target threat evaluation （TE） is the foundation for weapons allocation and senor resources management within the surface air defense. The multi-attribute evaluation methodology is utilized to address the issue of the TE in which the tactic features of the detected target are treated as evaluation attributes. Meanwhile, the intuitionistic fuzzy set （IFS） is employed to deal with information uncertainty in the TE process. Furthermore, on the basis of the entropy weight and inclusion-comparison probability, a hybrid TE method is developed. In order to accommodate the demands of naturalistic decision making, the proposed method allows air defense commanders to express their intuitive opinions besides incorporating into the threat features of the detected target. An illustrative example is provided to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.
文摘妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是一种妊娠特有疾病,以不明原因的皮肤瘙痒、肝功能异常,但产后迅速消失或恢复正常为临床特点;主要危害为早产、羊水胎粪污染、胎儿窘迫、死胎、死产,进而使围产儿病率及死亡率增加等。由于ICP的发病具有地区差异[1~7],国外关于该病的相关指南较少,国际上尚无统一诊治意见。我国是ICP的高发国家之一,关于ICP的研究相对较多,因此.
