The pigment Is an important character in plant development. In the present study, we characterized and fine mapped one Inhibitor for brown furrows gene （ibf） in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In the ibf mutant, brown pig...The pigment Is an important character in plant development. In the present study, we characterized and fine mapped one Inhibitor for brown furrows gene （ibf） in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In the ibf mutant, brown pigments specifically accumulate in the furrows of hulls as seeds mature and reach a maximum level In dry seeds. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by one recessive nuclear gene, which was finally mapped In a 90-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 9. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analysis revealed that there was a 26 kb deletion in the 90-kb region in the mutant. Since all the open reading frames outside the gap In the delimited region had no detectable difference in DNA sequence with the wild-type, we postulated that the ibf locus should be located in the gap. Through gene annotation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis, we selected OsKF1 encoding a kelch repeat-containing F-box family protein as the candidate gene of ibf.展开更多
This paper investigates the sensitivity of width proximity and mesh grid size to the wake characteristics of Momentum Reversal Lift (MRL) turbine using a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based Immersed Body Forc...This paper investigates the sensitivity of width proximity and mesh grid size to the wake characteristics of Momentum Reversal Lift (MRL) turbine using a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based Immersed Body Force (IBF) model. This model has been added as a source term into the large eddy simulation (LES), which is developed for solving two phase fluids. The open source CFD code OpenFOAM was used for the simulations. The simulation results showed that the grid size and width proximity have had massive impact on the flow characteristics and the computational cost of the tidal turbine. A fine grid size and large width inflicted longer computational time. In contrast, a coarse grid size and small width reduced the computational time but showed poor description of the flow features. In addition, a close proximity of the domain’s wall boundary to the turbine affected the free surface, the air body, and the flow characteristics at the interface between the two phases. These results showed that careful investigation of a suitable grid size and spacing between the wall boundary and the turbine is important to minimise the effect of these parameters on the simulation results.展开更多
Mid-high spatial frequency errors are often induced on optical surfaces polished by computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) processes. In order to efficiently remove these errors, which would degrade the performa...Mid-high spatial frequency errors are often induced on optical surfaces polished by computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) processes. In order to efficiently remove these errors, which would degrade the performances of optical systems, the ability of a CCOS process to correct the errors have been investigated based on the convolution integral model in view of the availability of material removal. To quantify the ability, some conceptions, such as figure correcting ability and material removal availability (MRA), have been proposed. The research result reveals that the MRA of the CCOS process to correct a single spatial frequency error is determined by its tool removal function (TRF), and it equals the normalized amplitude spectrum of the Fourier transform of its TRF. Finally, three sine surfaces were etched using ion beam figuring (IBF), which is a typical CCOS process. The experimental results have verified the theoretical analysis. The employed method and the conclusions of this work provide a useful mathematical basis to analyze and optimize CCOS processes.展开更多
From our DFT calculations of Ibuprofen drug (IBF) and other related molecules such as 2-Phenylpropanoic acid (2-PPA) and 3-Phenylpropanoic acid (3-PPA), it has been found that the ionization potential energies of thei...From our DFT calculations of Ibuprofen drug (IBF) and other related molecules such as 2-Phenylpropanoic acid (2-PPA) and 3-Phenylpropanoic acid (3-PPA), it has been found that the ionization potential energies of their anions are decreased strongly, with respect to their values in the molecular forms, rendering them as spontaneous electron donor which can compensate the electron deficiency for the positive cancer cells. Time dependent calculations show good coincidence with the experimental absorption spectra. Some complexes of IBF are prepared with Cu<sup>++</sup> and Zn<sup>++</sup> ions. The ratio between the M<sup>++</sup> and the ligand (IBF) is 1:2 which has been verified by atomic absorption spectra and elemental analyses. Their spectral studies have been performed in different solvents of different polarities. The metabolite products of IBF have been studied from DFT calculations point of view and it has been concluded that the consistency of the ionization constants and the electron affinities of them with those of the nucleic acid bases prevents the electron transfer between them therefore they are safe for the human body from cancer diseases.展开更多
Focusing our DFT calculations on the carboxylic acid drugs such as ibuprofen drug (IBF), it has been concluded that the anions of these types of drugs have the spontaneous electron donor character to all the carcinoge...Focusing our DFT calculations on the carboxylic acid drugs such as ibuprofen drug (IBF), it has been concluded that the anions of these types of drugs have the spontaneous electron donor character to all the carcinogenic cells of electron deficiency in their nuclei. Due to the spontaneity of electron transfer of anions, it has been found clinically that ibuprofen drug cures cancers of colon, protostate, lung and breast. The breast cancer treatment of Matthew Gdovin group in two hours by injection of ethanolic solution of nitrobenzaldehyde in the breast tumor in presence of uv-irradiation has been studied from TD-DFT point of view;the excited states of these molecules in presence of uv-irradiation act as electron donors to the cancerous cells to compensate the electron deficiency. Finally, it has been concluded that the electron transfer is the main cause of the breast cancer treatment which is the most aggressive type of cancers and is one of the hardest to treat.展开更多
Sampling from a truncated multivariate normal distribution （TMVND） constitutes the core computational module in fitting many statistical and econometric models. We propose two efficient methods, an iterative data au...Sampling from a truncated multivariate normal distribution （TMVND） constitutes the core computational module in fitting many statistical and econometric models. We propose two efficient methods, an iterative data augmentation （DA） algorithm and a non-iterative inverse Bayes formulae （IBF） sampler, to simulate TMVND and generalize them to multivariate normal distributions with linear inequality constraints. By creating a Bayesian incomplete-data structure, the posterior step of the DA Mgorithm directly generates random vector draws as opposed to single element draws, resulting obvious computational advantage and easy coding with common statistical software packages such as S-PLUS, MATLAB and GAUSS. Furthermore, the DA provides a ready structure for implementing a fast EM algorithm to identify the mode of TMVND, which has many potential applications in statistical inference of constrained parameter problems. In addition, utilizing this mode as an intermediate result, the IBF sampling provides a novel alternative to Gibbs sampling and elimi- nares problems with convergence and possible slow convergence due to the high correlation between components of a TMVND. The DA algorithm is applied to a linear regression model with constrained parameters and is illustrated with a published data set. Numerical comparisons show that the proposed DA algorithm and IBF sampler are more efficient than the Gibbs sampler and the accept-reject algorithm.展开更多
Ion beam figuring （IBF） technology is an effective technique for fabricating continuous phase plates （CPPs） with small feature structures. This study proposes a multi-pass IBF approach with different beam diameter...Ion beam figuring （IBF） technology is an effective technique for fabricating continuous phase plates （CPPs） with small feature structures. This study proposes a multi-pass IBF approach with different beam diameters based on the frequency filtering method to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of CPPs during IBF. We present the selection principle of the frequency filtering method, which incorporates different removal functions that maximize material removal over the topographical frequencies being imprinted. Large removal functions are used early in the fabrication to figure the surface profile with low frequency. Small removal functions are used to perform final topographical correction with higher fre- quency and larger surface gradient. A high-precision surface can be obtained as long as the filtering frequency is suitably selected. This method maximizes the high removal efficiency of the large removal function and the high corrective capability of the small removal function. Consequently, the fast convergence of the machining accuracy and efficiency can be achieved.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China （2005CB120805）, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30325008, 30428019 and 305300）.The authors thank Dr Khush at the International Rice Research Institute, the Philippines （IRRI） for providing the original ibfmutant.
文摘The pigment Is an important character in plant development. In the present study, we characterized and fine mapped one Inhibitor for brown furrows gene （ibf） in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In the ibf mutant, brown pigments specifically accumulate in the furrows of hulls as seeds mature and reach a maximum level In dry seeds. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by one recessive nuclear gene, which was finally mapped In a 90-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 9. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analysis revealed that there was a 26 kb deletion in the 90-kb region in the mutant. Since all the open reading frames outside the gap In the delimited region had no detectable difference in DNA sequence with the wild-type, we postulated that the ibf locus should be located in the gap. Through gene annotation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis, we selected OsKF1 encoding a kelch repeat-containing F-box family protein as the candidate gene of ibf.
文摘This paper investigates the sensitivity of width proximity and mesh grid size to the wake characteristics of Momentum Reversal Lift (MRL) turbine using a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based Immersed Body Force (IBF) model. This model has been added as a source term into the large eddy simulation (LES), which is developed for solving two phase fluids. The open source CFD code OpenFOAM was used for the simulations. The simulation results showed that the grid size and width proximity have had massive impact on the flow characteristics and the computational cost of the tidal turbine. A fine grid size and large width inflicted longer computational time. In contrast, a coarse grid size and small width reduced the computational time but showed poor description of the flow features. In addition, a close proximity of the domain’s wall boundary to the turbine affected the free surface, the air body, and the flow characteristics at the interface between the two phases. These results showed that careful investigation of a suitable grid size and spacing between the wall boundary and the turbine is important to minimise the effect of these parameters on the simulation results.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50775215)
文摘Mid-high spatial frequency errors are often induced on optical surfaces polished by computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) processes. In order to efficiently remove these errors, which would degrade the performances of optical systems, the ability of a CCOS process to correct the errors have been investigated based on the convolution integral model in view of the availability of material removal. To quantify the ability, some conceptions, such as figure correcting ability and material removal availability (MRA), have been proposed. The research result reveals that the MRA of the CCOS process to correct a single spatial frequency error is determined by its tool removal function (TRF), and it equals the normalized amplitude spectrum of the Fourier transform of its TRF. Finally, three sine surfaces were etched using ion beam figuring (IBF), which is a typical CCOS process. The experimental results have verified the theoretical analysis. The employed method and the conclusions of this work provide a useful mathematical basis to analyze and optimize CCOS processes.
文摘From our DFT calculations of Ibuprofen drug (IBF) and other related molecules such as 2-Phenylpropanoic acid (2-PPA) and 3-Phenylpropanoic acid (3-PPA), it has been found that the ionization potential energies of their anions are decreased strongly, with respect to their values in the molecular forms, rendering them as spontaneous electron donor which can compensate the electron deficiency for the positive cancer cells. Time dependent calculations show good coincidence with the experimental absorption spectra. Some complexes of IBF are prepared with Cu<sup>++</sup> and Zn<sup>++</sup> ions. The ratio between the M<sup>++</sup> and the ligand (IBF) is 1:2 which has been verified by atomic absorption spectra and elemental analyses. Their spectral studies have been performed in different solvents of different polarities. The metabolite products of IBF have been studied from DFT calculations point of view and it has been concluded that the consistency of the ionization constants and the electron affinities of them with those of the nucleic acid bases prevents the electron transfer between them therefore they are safe for the human body from cancer diseases.
文摘Focusing our DFT calculations on the carboxylic acid drugs such as ibuprofen drug (IBF), it has been concluded that the anions of these types of drugs have the spontaneous electron donor character to all the carcinogenic cells of electron deficiency in their nuclei. Due to the spontaneity of electron transfer of anions, it has been found clinically that ibuprofen drug cures cancers of colon, protostate, lung and breast. The breast cancer treatment of Matthew Gdovin group in two hours by injection of ethanolic solution of nitrobenzaldehyde in the breast tumor in presence of uv-irradiation has been studied from TD-DFT point of view;the excited states of these molecules in presence of uv-irradiation act as electron donors to the cancerous cells to compensate the electron deficiency. Finally, it has been concluded that the electron transfer is the main cause of the breast cancer treatment which is the most aggressive type of cancers and is one of the hardest to treat.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 09BTJ012)Scientific Research Fund ofHunan Provincial Education Department (No. 09c390)+1 种基金supported in part by a HKUSeed Funding Program for Basic Research (Project No. 2009-1115-9042)a grant from Hong Kong ResearchGrant Council-General Research Fund (Project No. HKU779210M)
文摘Sampling from a truncated multivariate normal distribution （TMVND） constitutes the core computational module in fitting many statistical and econometric models. We propose two efficient methods, an iterative data augmentation （DA） algorithm and a non-iterative inverse Bayes formulae （IBF） sampler, to simulate TMVND and generalize them to multivariate normal distributions with linear inequality constraints. By creating a Bayesian incomplete-data structure, the posterior step of the DA Mgorithm directly generates random vector draws as opposed to single element draws, resulting obvious computational advantage and easy coding with common statistical software packages such as S-PLUS, MATLAB and GAUSS. Furthermore, the DA provides a ready structure for implementing a fast EM algorithm to identify the mode of TMVND, which has many potential applications in statistical inference of constrained parameter problems. In addition, utilizing this mode as an intermediate result, the IBF sampling provides a novel alternative to Gibbs sampling and elimi- nares problems with convergence and possible slow convergence due to the high correlation between components of a TMVND. The DA algorithm is applied to a linear regression model with constrained parameters and is illustrated with a published data set. Numerical comparisons show that the proposed DA algorithm and IBF sampler are more efficient than the Gibbs sampler and the accept-reject algorithm.
基金Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 91323302 and 61505259） and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET- 13 -0165）.
文摘Ion beam figuring （IBF） technology is an effective technique for fabricating continuous phase plates （CPPs） with small feature structures. This study proposes a multi-pass IBF approach with different beam diameters based on the frequency filtering method to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of CPPs during IBF. We present the selection principle of the frequency filtering method, which incorporates different removal functions that maximize material removal over the topographical frequencies being imprinted. Large removal functions are used early in the fabrication to figure the surface profile with low frequency. Small removal functions are used to perform final topographical correction with higher fre- quency and larger surface gradient. A high-precision surface can be obtained as long as the filtering frequency is suitably selected. This method maximizes the high removal efficiency of the large removal function and the high corrective capability of the small removal function. Consequently, the fast convergence of the machining accuracy and efficiency can be achieved.
