面对日益严峻的能源短缺和环境恶化问题,氢能作为绿色、高效且具有可持续性的柔性二次能源被广泛关注和研究。借鉴欧洲的电转气技术(power to gas),将可再生能源电解制成氢气后,以一定比例掺入到天然气管网中供给居民使用,被认为是改善...面对日益严峻的能源短缺和环境恶化问题,氢能作为绿色、高效且具有可持续性的柔性二次能源被广泛关注和研究。借鉴欧洲的电转气技术(power to gas),将可再生能源电解制成氢气后,以一定比例掺入到天然气管网中供给居民使用,被认为是改善城镇燃气质量与烟气排放的有效途径之一。因此,基于互换性理论分析了掺氢天然气作为家用燃气具燃料的掺氢比例,并基于12T基准天然气测试与验证了掺氢天然气在家用燃气具上燃烧的安全性能与排放性能。研究结果表明:①掺氢比例体积分数不应高于20%;②掺氢天然气在家用燃气具中燃烧的点火率、火焰稳定性与烟气排放性能全部合格,未发现安全性问题;③家用燃气具的烟气排放指标满足标准要求,并且随着氢气的体积分数增加,烟气中CO与NO_x排放量有所降低。展开更多
Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide （H2S） has been found in several petroliferous basins in China, such as the Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin, etc. Natural gas with higher HES contents...Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide （H2S） has been found in several petroliferous basins in China, such as the Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin, etc. Natural gas with higher HES contents （HES 〉5 % mol.） is mostly distributed in both the gas reservoirs of Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, Puguang and Tieshanpo, which belong to the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin and those of the Kongdian-Shahejie formations in the northeastern Jinxian Sag of the Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. In the Sichuan Basin, the HES contents of natural gas average over 9% and some can be 17 %, while those of the Bohai Bay Basin range from 40 % to 92 %, being then one of the gas reservoirs with the highest H2S contents in the world. Based on detailed observation and sample analysis results of a total 5000 m of core from over 70 wells in the above-mentioned two basins, especially sulfur isotopic analysis of gypsum, brimstone, pyrite and natural gas, also with integrated study of the geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons, it is thought that the natural gas with high HES contents resulted from thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） reactions. Among them, the natural gas in the Feixianguan Formation resulted from TSR reactions participated by hydrocarbon gas, while that in the Zhaolanzhuang of the Jinxian Sag being the product of TSR participated by crude oil. During the consumption process of hydrocarbons due to TSR, the heavy hydrocarbons were apt to react with sulfate, which accordingly resulted in the dry coefficient of natural gas increasing and the carbon isotopes becoming heavier.展开更多
By the end of the year 2010, a total of 15 large tight gas fields have been found in China, located in the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins. The annual production and total reserves of these fields in 2010 were 222.5&...By the end of the year 2010, a total of 15 large tight gas fields have been found in China, located in the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins. The annual production and total reserves of these fields in 2010 were 222.5× 108 and 28657× 108 m3, respectively, accounting for 23.5% and 37.3%, respectively, of the total annual production and reserves of natural gases in China. They took a major part of all natural gas production and reserves in China. According to the analyses of 81 gas samples, the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of tight gases in China have following characteristics： （1） Plots of δ13CI-δ13C2-δ13C3, δ13C1-C1/C2＋3 and δ13C1-δ 13C2 demonstrate the coal-derived origin of tight gases in China; （2） For the primary alkane gases, both carbon and hydrogen isotopic values increase with increasing molecular mass, i.e., δ13C1〈δ13C2〈δ13C3〈δ13C4 and δ2HI〈δ2Hz〈δ2H3; （3） The isotopic differences of δ13C2-δ13C1, δ13C3-δ13C1, δ2H2-δ22Hl and cTZH3-62H1 decrease with in- creasing Ro （%） and C1/C1-4; （4） There are seven causes for the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal, however, the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal of tight gases in China is caused mainly by multiple stages of gas charge and accumulation.展开更多
文摘面对日益严峻的能源短缺和环境恶化问题,氢能作为绿色、高效且具有可持续性的柔性二次能源被广泛关注和研究。借鉴欧洲的电转气技术(power to gas),将可再生能源电解制成氢气后,以一定比例掺入到天然气管网中供给居民使用,被认为是改善城镇燃气质量与烟气排放的有效途径之一。因此,基于互换性理论分析了掺氢天然气作为家用燃气具燃料的掺氢比例,并基于12T基准天然气测试与验证了掺氢天然气在家用燃气具上燃烧的安全性能与排放性能。研究结果表明:①掺氢比例体积分数不应高于20%;②掺氢天然气在家用燃气具中燃烧的点火率、火焰稳定性与烟气排放性能全部合格,未发现安全性问题;③家用燃气具的烟气排放指标满足标准要求,并且随着氢气的体积分数增加,烟气中CO与NO_x排放量有所降低。
文摘Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide （H2S） has been found in several petroliferous basins in China, such as the Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin, etc. Natural gas with higher HES contents （HES 〉5 % mol.） is mostly distributed in both the gas reservoirs of Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, Puguang and Tieshanpo, which belong to the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin and those of the Kongdian-Shahejie formations in the northeastern Jinxian Sag of the Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. In the Sichuan Basin, the HES contents of natural gas average over 9% and some can be 17 %, while those of the Bohai Bay Basin range from 40 % to 92 %, being then one of the gas reservoirs with the highest H2S contents in the world. Based on detailed observation and sample analysis results of a total 5000 m of core from over 70 wells in the above-mentioned two basins, especially sulfur isotopic analysis of gypsum, brimstone, pyrite and natural gas, also with integrated study of the geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons, it is thought that the natural gas with high HES contents resulted from thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） reactions. Among them, the natural gas in the Feixianguan Formation resulted from TSR reactions participated by hydrocarbon gas, while that in the Zhaolanzhuang of the Jinxian Sag being the product of TSR participated by crude oil. During the consumption process of hydrocarbons due to TSR, the heavy hydrocarbons were apt to react with sulfate, which accordingly resulted in the dry coefficient of natural gas increasing and the carbon isotopes becoming heavier.
文摘By the end of the year 2010, a total of 15 large tight gas fields have been found in China, located in the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins. The annual production and total reserves of these fields in 2010 were 222.5× 108 and 28657× 108 m3, respectively, accounting for 23.5% and 37.3%, respectively, of the total annual production and reserves of natural gases in China. They took a major part of all natural gas production and reserves in China. According to the analyses of 81 gas samples, the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of tight gases in China have following characteristics： （1） Plots of δ13CI-δ13C2-δ13C3, δ13C1-C1/C2＋3 and δ13C1-δ 13C2 demonstrate the coal-derived origin of tight gases in China; （2） For the primary alkane gases, both carbon and hydrogen isotopic values increase with increasing molecular mass, i.e., δ13C1〈δ13C2〈δ13C3〈δ13C4 and δ2HI〈δ2Hz〈δ2H3; （3） The isotopic differences of δ13C2-δ13C1, δ13C3-δ13C1, δ2H2-δ22Hl and cTZH3-62H1 decrease with in- creasing Ro （%） and C1/C1-4; （4） There are seven causes for the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal, however, the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal of tight gases in China is caused mainly by multiple stages of gas charge and accumulation.
