Understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. We collected spatially-...Understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. We collected spatially-implicit data of human-wildlife conflicts from 2009-2015 around Daxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, and investigated the patterns and drivers of these conflicts. A questionnaire was also designed to capture local resident attitudes toward insurance-based compensation for the losses caused by targeted wildlife. We found that the Asiatic black bear （Ursus thibetanus） was the most conflict-prone animal around the reserve, followed by the rhesus macaque （Macaca mulatta） and Southeast Asian sambar （Cervus equinus）. Conflicts were unevenly distributed among seasons, villages, and communities, with several grids identified as conflict hotspots. Poisson models revealed that human-bear conflicts were negatively related to distance to the reserve and proportion of forest, but positively correlated to the proportion of cropland. Binomial models showed that communities affected by crop depredation were positively correlated with the proportion of cropland and negatively correlated with distance to the reserve, whereas communities affected by livestock depredation were negatively correlated with the proportion of cropland. The insurance-based scheme has compensated over 90% of losses, to the satisfaction of 90.6% of respondents. Our results suggest that human-bear conflict could be potentially reduced by eliminating food crops near the reserve boundary and livestock grazing at conflict hotspots.In addition, the insurance-based scheme could be replicated at a broader scale with improvement in loss assessment.展开更多
随着世界范围内人与野生动物冲突现象的不断加剧,相关学者在该领域展开大量研究。然而,此前一直缺乏对人与野生动物冲突领域研究内容以及成果的归纳总结,这将阻碍人与野生动物冲突领域理论的发展,也会影响冲突的实际解决。因此,以Web of...随着世界范围内人与野生动物冲突现象的不断加剧,相关学者在该领域展开大量研究。然而,此前一直缺乏对人与野生动物冲突领域研究内容以及成果的归纳总结,这将阻碍人与野生动物冲突领域理论的发展,也会影响冲突的实际解决。因此,以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集和中国知网(CNKI)中2002—2022年的文献为研究样本,运用CiteSpace文献计量分析软件,对国内外人与野生动物冲突领域的研究现状、研究热点主题、研究发展脉络以及研究前沿进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)国内外发文量的增长趋势类似,国外在2013年迎来拐点,国内在2017年出现拐点,呈现增长趋势并持续至今;(2)国内外均未形成核心作者群体,且研究机构均以高校与保护区合作为主;(3)国内外研究均是由浅入深的过程,从研究冲突表现形式及特征、野生动物保护与管理、典型冲突物种、利益相关者态度和缓解对策,到研究开始结合野生动物生态和外部社会因素两方面,且在冲突产生的驱动因素方面有所探索,在冲突缓解及补偿策略方面的研究也更加多元;(4)国外的研究前沿趋向于摄食生态学、捕食者控制和运动生态学等,国内的研究前沿主要集中在保护区的冲突特征、放牧管理、补偿、保险和生物多样性保护等。研究结果可为人与野生动物冲突研究的纵深发展提供参考借鉴,并为人与自然和谐共生目标的达成提供科学依据。展开更多
Human-Wildlife Conflict in Gabon is a reality occurring in almost all protected areas in the country. These conflicts create real threats both for the survival of wildlife species and of human beings. This study was c...Human-Wildlife Conflict in Gabon is a reality occurring in almost all protected areas in the country. These conflicts create real threats both for the survival of wildlife species and of human beings. This study was carried out at the periphery of Loango National Park in Gabon. This area is particular of seeing elephants wandering around villages. Respondents for the study were drawn from a wide range of stakeholders (State administrators, farmers and NGOs). Data was collected through administration of structured questionnaires and interview guide on the;socio-economic activities. Crops produced/destroyed. Animals are involved and economic loss is incurred due to conflicts. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and Kobo tool box. For qualitative data chi-square, descriptive statistic and linear regression model were also used. The results of the study showed that the elephants account for (60.1%) of crop destroyed followed by Ungulates (30.4%) and lastly by rodents (0.9%). The economic damage caused by the wildlife to crops valued at 72,084 USD in the zone in 2022. An urgent solution to this conflict is needed because the consequences are visible as well as the illegal repression by communities that have led to poisoning and killing of wildlife in the study area.展开更多
The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have...The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have access to certain natural resources. The aim of this study is to characterise the human-wildlife conflicts that occur around the KBNP, especially with regard to primates. Surveys were carried out in 260 households selected using the snowball method. The results showed that human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP are characterised by the destruction of crops in riparian fields by monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas, the destruction of houses, physical attacks and zoonoses. Despite the conservation and protection measures for wildlife and local populations put in place by the Park’s managers, conflicts between local populations and the Park’s wild animals are still visible. These conflicts lead to the detention of wild animals by local people roaming in the villages and to poaching on the Park’s boundaries. The weakness of the community management policy on the part of the park managers and the resentment of the indigenous peoples towards the restriction of their access to natural resources are the major constraints on the sustainable management of conflicts between the local populations and the wild animals in the KBNP. The strategies for the sustainable resolution of human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP must be geared towards and integrated into a community conservation approach.展开更多
基金funded by the Second National Terrestrial Vertebrate Resources Survey of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China(31601874)
文摘Understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. We collected spatially-implicit data of human-wildlife conflicts from 2009-2015 around Daxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, and investigated the patterns and drivers of these conflicts. A questionnaire was also designed to capture local resident attitudes toward insurance-based compensation for the losses caused by targeted wildlife. We found that the Asiatic black bear （Ursus thibetanus） was the most conflict-prone animal around the reserve, followed by the rhesus macaque （Macaca mulatta） and Southeast Asian sambar （Cervus equinus）. Conflicts were unevenly distributed among seasons, villages, and communities, with several grids identified as conflict hotspots. Poisson models revealed that human-bear conflicts were negatively related to distance to the reserve and proportion of forest, but positively correlated to the proportion of cropland. Binomial models showed that communities affected by crop depredation were positively correlated with the proportion of cropland and negatively correlated with distance to the reserve, whereas communities affected by livestock depredation were negatively correlated with the proportion of cropland. The insurance-based scheme has compensated over 90% of losses, to the satisfaction of 90.6% of respondents. Our results suggest that human-bear conflict could be potentially reduced by eliminating food crops near the reserve boundary and livestock grazing at conflict hotspots.In addition, the insurance-based scheme could be replicated at a broader scale with improvement in loss assessment.
文摘随着世界范围内人与野生动物冲突现象的不断加剧,相关学者在该领域展开大量研究。然而,此前一直缺乏对人与野生动物冲突领域研究内容以及成果的归纳总结,这将阻碍人与野生动物冲突领域理论的发展,也会影响冲突的实际解决。因此,以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集和中国知网(CNKI)中2002—2022年的文献为研究样本,运用CiteSpace文献计量分析软件,对国内外人与野生动物冲突领域的研究现状、研究热点主题、研究发展脉络以及研究前沿进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)国内外发文量的增长趋势类似,国外在2013年迎来拐点,国内在2017年出现拐点,呈现增长趋势并持续至今;(2)国内外均未形成核心作者群体,且研究机构均以高校与保护区合作为主;(3)国内外研究均是由浅入深的过程,从研究冲突表现形式及特征、野生动物保护与管理、典型冲突物种、利益相关者态度和缓解对策,到研究开始结合野生动物生态和外部社会因素两方面,且在冲突产生的驱动因素方面有所探索,在冲突缓解及补偿策略方面的研究也更加多元;(4)国外的研究前沿趋向于摄食生态学、捕食者控制和运动生态学等,国内的研究前沿主要集中在保护区的冲突特征、放牧管理、补偿、保险和生物多样性保护等。研究结果可为人与野生动物冲突研究的纵深发展提供参考借鉴,并为人与自然和谐共生目标的达成提供科学依据。
文摘Human-Wildlife Conflict in Gabon is a reality occurring in almost all protected areas in the country. These conflicts create real threats both for the survival of wildlife species and of human beings. This study was carried out at the periphery of Loango National Park in Gabon. This area is particular of seeing elephants wandering around villages. Respondents for the study were drawn from a wide range of stakeholders (State administrators, farmers and NGOs). Data was collected through administration of structured questionnaires and interview guide on the;socio-economic activities. Crops produced/destroyed. Animals are involved and economic loss is incurred due to conflicts. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and Kobo tool box. For qualitative data chi-square, descriptive statistic and linear regression model were also used. The results of the study showed that the elephants account for (60.1%) of crop destroyed followed by Ungulates (30.4%) and lastly by rodents (0.9%). The economic damage caused by the wildlife to crops valued at 72,084 USD in the zone in 2022. An urgent solution to this conflict is needed because the consequences are visible as well as the illegal repression by communities that have led to poisoning and killing of wildlife in the study area.
文摘The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have access to certain natural resources. The aim of this study is to characterise the human-wildlife conflicts that occur around the KBNP, especially with regard to primates. Surveys were carried out in 260 households selected using the snowball method. The results showed that human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP are characterised by the destruction of crops in riparian fields by monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas, the destruction of houses, physical attacks and zoonoses. Despite the conservation and protection measures for wildlife and local populations put in place by the Park’s managers, conflicts between local populations and the Park’s wild animals are still visible. These conflicts lead to the detention of wild animals by local people roaming in the villages and to poaching on the Park’s boundaries. The weakness of the community management policy on the part of the park managers and the resentment of the indigenous peoples towards the restriction of their access to natural resources are the major constraints on the sustainable management of conflicts between the local populations and the wild animals in the KBNP. The strategies for the sustainable resolution of human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP must be geared towards and integrated into a community conservation approach.
