Introduction:Optimal sound transmission across the ossicular chain is dependent on the appropriate alignment of the middle ear ossicles.Incudostapedial joint(ISJ)is conventionally considered to be at right angle.Objec...Introduction:Optimal sound transmission across the ossicular chain is dependent on the appropriate alignment of the middle ear ossicles.Incudostapedial joint(ISJ)is conventionally considered to be at right angle.Objective:We intended to study the ISJ anatomy and the impact of temporal bone pneumatization on the same.Methods:In a cadaveric study comprising of 47 human temporal bones,canal wall down mastoidectomy was carried out under microscopic guidance keeping the ossicular chain intact.The morphology of ISJ was recorded and analysed with respect to the pneumatization status of the temporal bone.The data analysis was performed using statistical software Stata version 12.0.Results:The mean ISJ angle for the 47 bones was 90.5^0(SD-15^0;range:54^0-122^0).The mean angle in well pneumatized bones was 93.7^0(SD-16.5;Range:54°-122^0)and in sclerotic mastoids was 88.7^0(SD-14;Range:68°-118^0).The difference in the ISJ angle in these two conditions was not statistically significant(p=0.27).The mean angle was found to be significantly more obtuse in the cases with partially eroded ISJ(111.4^0{SD-8.8;range:100.3^0-221.9^0};p=0.0001)and in the cases with an‘adherent/tilted morphology’of the stapes suprastructure with the promontory(mean-95.8^0(SD-13.8;range:70.7^0-120.4^0);p-<0.00001).Conclusion:The ISJ angle shows considerable variations.This variability needs to be taken into account when undertaking middle ear reconstructive procedures,specifically the ones involving the stapes footplate.The mastoid pneumatization does not appear to have an impact on the ISJ angle.展开更多
Human recognition technology based on biometrics has become a fundamental requirement in all aspects of life due to increased concerns about security and privacy issues.Therefore,biometric systems have emerged as a te...Human recognition technology based on biometrics has become a fundamental requirement in all aspects of life due to increased concerns about security and privacy issues.Therefore,biometric systems have emerged as a technology with the capability to identify or authenticate individuals based on their physiological and behavioral characteristics.Among different viable biometric modalities,the human ear structure can offer unique and valuable discriminative characteristics for human recognition systems.In recent years,most existing traditional ear recognition systems have been designed based on computer vision models and have achieved successful results.Nevertheless,such traditional models can be sensitive to several unconstrained environmental factors.As such,some traits may be difficult to extract automatically but can still be semantically perceived as soft biometrics.This research proposes a new group of semantic features to be used as soft ear biometrics,mainly inspired by conventional descriptive traits used naturally by humans when identifying or describing each other.Hence,the research study is focused on the fusion of the soft ear biometric traits with traditional(hard)ear biometric features to investigate their validity and efficacy in augmenting human identification performance.The proposed framework has two subsystems:first,a computer vision-based subsystem,extracting traditional(hard)ear biometric traits using principal component analysis(PCA)and local binary patterns(LBP),and second,a crowdsourcing-based subsystem,deriving semantic(soft)ear biometric traits.Several feature-level fusion experiments were conducted using the AMI database to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s performance.The obtained results for both identification and verification showed that the proposed soft ear biometric information significantly improved the recognition performance of traditional ear biometrics,reaching up to 12%for LBP and 5%for PCA descriptors;when fusing all three capacities PCA,LBP,and soft traits using k-nearest展开更多
A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality o...A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality of the human middle ear such as ossicular dislocation may cause conductive hearing loss. The conductive hearing loss is generally treated by surgery using artificial ossicles. The treatments of conductive hearing loss require a better understanding of characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the human middle ear when the sounds transmit from outer inner to inner ear. The purpose of this research is to simulate the dynamic behaviors of a human ear system comprising the middle ear and the cochlea in the inner ear using the finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the eigen-value analysis was performed to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the total ear system. Secondly, the frequency response analysis was carried out. Thirdly, the time history response analyses were performed using human voices as the external forces. In the time history response analyses, the sounds created as input sound pressures were used. Human voices, for example vowels “I”, “u” and “e” as input sound pressures were created by using the sound pressures downloaded from the opening samples of human voices as wav files in a website. Then it was clarified that the high frequency components of sounds are reduced by the middle ear system.展开更多
依据临床健康志愿者右耳的CT扫描结果,将CT扫描数据数值化导入PATRAN软件进行人耳三维有限元模型的重建,并用NASTRAN软件对该模型进行频率响应分析。通过对正常人耳结构进行频率响应分析得出数据与实验数据吻合,验证了模型的正确性。结...依据临床健康志愿者右耳的CT扫描结果,将CT扫描数据数值化导入PATRAN软件进行人耳三维有限元模型的重建,并用NASTRAN软件对该模型进行频率响应分析。通过对正常人耳结构进行频率响应分析得出数据与实验数据吻合,验证了模型的正确性。结合临床中耳炎病症实际情况,研究细菌生物膜的成长阶段对人耳听力的影响。结果表明：在不同声压相同的频率段,细菌生物膜的厚度变化对人耳听力的影响是相同的。在相同声压不同频率段,细菌生物膜的厚度增加会引起镫骨振幅和速度降低,在较低频率段镫骨振幅和速度下降幅度较大,下降的最大值为1.64 d B;在较高频率段镫骨振幅和速度下降幅度较小,下降的最大值为1.04 d B。在不同声压作用下,在相同的频率段细菌生物膜的面积增加会引起镫骨振幅和速度降低。在100-1 000 Hz频率段镫骨振幅和速度的下降幅度较小,下降的最大值为0.18 d B。在1000-10 000 Hz频率段镫骨振幅和速度的下降幅度较大,下降的最大值为2.26 d B。细菌生物膜厚度或面积增加都会使人耳听力下降,厚度增加在低频时比高频时下降更多,而面积增加则刚好相反。展开更多
基金Funded by Research Section,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi,India,File No.F.8-522/A-522/2017/RS(Project code No:A-522)Dated 19th September 2017
文摘Introduction:Optimal sound transmission across the ossicular chain is dependent on the appropriate alignment of the middle ear ossicles.Incudostapedial joint(ISJ)is conventionally considered to be at right angle.Objective:We intended to study the ISJ anatomy and the impact of temporal bone pneumatization on the same.Methods:In a cadaveric study comprising of 47 human temporal bones,canal wall down mastoidectomy was carried out under microscopic guidance keeping the ossicular chain intact.The morphology of ISJ was recorded and analysed with respect to the pneumatization status of the temporal bone.The data analysis was performed using statistical software Stata version 12.0.Results:The mean ISJ angle for the 47 bones was 90.5^0(SD-15^0;range:54^0-122^0).The mean angle in well pneumatized bones was 93.7^0(SD-16.5;Range:54°-122^0)and in sclerotic mastoids was 88.7^0(SD-14;Range:68°-118^0).The difference in the ISJ angle in these two conditions was not statistically significant(p=0.27).The mean angle was found to be significantly more obtuse in the cases with partially eroded ISJ(111.4^0{SD-8.8;range:100.3^0-221.9^0};p=0.0001)and in the cases with an‘adherent/tilted morphology’of the stapes suprastructure with the promontory(mean-95.8^0(SD-13.8;range:70.7^0-120.4^0);p-<0.00001).Conclusion:The ISJ angle shows considerable variations.This variability needs to be taken into account when undertaking middle ear reconstructive procedures,specifically the ones involving the stapes footplate.The mastoid pneumatization does not appear to have an impact on the ISJ angle.
基金supported and funded by KAU Scientific Endowment,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Human recognition technology based on biometrics has become a fundamental requirement in all aspects of life due to increased concerns about security and privacy issues.Therefore,biometric systems have emerged as a technology with the capability to identify or authenticate individuals based on their physiological and behavioral characteristics.Among different viable biometric modalities,the human ear structure can offer unique and valuable discriminative characteristics for human recognition systems.In recent years,most existing traditional ear recognition systems have been designed based on computer vision models and have achieved successful results.Nevertheless,such traditional models can be sensitive to several unconstrained environmental factors.As such,some traits may be difficult to extract automatically but can still be semantically perceived as soft biometrics.This research proposes a new group of semantic features to be used as soft ear biometrics,mainly inspired by conventional descriptive traits used naturally by humans when identifying or describing each other.Hence,the research study is focused on the fusion of the soft ear biometric traits with traditional(hard)ear biometric features to investigate their validity and efficacy in augmenting human identification performance.The proposed framework has two subsystems:first,a computer vision-based subsystem,extracting traditional(hard)ear biometric traits using principal component analysis(PCA)and local binary patterns(LBP),and second,a crowdsourcing-based subsystem,deriving semantic(soft)ear biometric traits.Several feature-level fusion experiments were conducted using the AMI database to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s performance.The obtained results for both identification and verification showed that the proposed soft ear biometric information significantly improved the recognition performance of traditional ear biometrics,reaching up to 12%for LBP and 5%for PCA descriptors;when fusing all three capacities PCA,LBP,and soft traits using k-nearest
文摘A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality of the human middle ear such as ossicular dislocation may cause conductive hearing loss. The conductive hearing loss is generally treated by surgery using artificial ossicles. The treatments of conductive hearing loss require a better understanding of characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the human middle ear when the sounds transmit from outer inner to inner ear. The purpose of this research is to simulate the dynamic behaviors of a human ear system comprising the middle ear and the cochlea in the inner ear using the finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the eigen-value analysis was performed to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the total ear system. Secondly, the frequency response analysis was carried out. Thirdly, the time history response analyses were performed using human voices as the external forces. In the time history response analyses, the sounds created as input sound pressures were used. Human voices, for example vowels “I”, “u” and “e” as input sound pressures were created by using the sound pressures downloaded from the opening samples of human voices as wav files in a website. Then it was clarified that the high frequency components of sounds are reduced by the middle ear system.
文摘依据临床健康志愿者右耳的CT扫描结果,将CT扫描数据数值化导入PATRAN软件进行人耳三维有限元模型的重建,并用NASTRAN软件对该模型进行频率响应分析。通过对正常人耳结构进行频率响应分析得出数据与实验数据吻合,验证了模型的正确性。结合临床中耳炎病症实际情况,研究细菌生物膜的成长阶段对人耳听力的影响。结果表明：在不同声压相同的频率段,细菌生物膜的厚度变化对人耳听力的影响是相同的。在相同声压不同频率段,细菌生物膜的厚度增加会引起镫骨振幅和速度降低,在较低频率段镫骨振幅和速度下降幅度较大,下降的最大值为1.64 d B;在较高频率段镫骨振幅和速度下降幅度较小,下降的最大值为1.04 d B。在不同声压作用下,在相同的频率段细菌生物膜的面积增加会引起镫骨振幅和速度降低。在100-1 000 Hz频率段镫骨振幅和速度的下降幅度较小,下降的最大值为0.18 d B。在1000-10 000 Hz频率段镫骨振幅和速度的下降幅度较大,下降的最大值为2.26 d B。细菌生物膜厚度或面积增加都会使人耳听力下降,厚度增加在低频时比高频时下降更多,而面积增加则刚好相反。
